Delphi (65 page)

Aeschines,
71
,
160
–
61

Aeschylus,
33
–
34
,
126
,
277

Aesop,
85

Aethiopica
(Heliodorus),
1
–
2
,
6
,
236

Aetion,
57

Aetolia,
165
–
66
; Aetolian style,
176
; Attalids as ally of,
177
,
180
; control over Delphi,
169
–
76
,
179
,
180
,
183
,
185
,
186
; dedications from,
172
,
176
,
351n17
; as enemy of Macedon,
178
,
180
; and manumissions at Delphi,
200
; military victories,
171
–
74
; murder of Delphi's ambassadors to Rome,
187
; Prusias II and,
351n17
; Soteria festival and,
175
–
76
; statue of the personification of,
172
; withdrawal from Delphi,
188

Afghanistan, visitor from,
184

Against Ctesiphon
(Aeschines),
71

Agamemnon,
318n57

Agesilaus of Sparta,
142

Agis of Sparta: dedication by,
141

Aglaus of Psophias,
321n21

agonothetes (president of games),
213
,
214
,
229
,
358n22
,
362n15
; Plutarch as,
216

agora, Roman,
129
,
226
,
236
,
241
–
42
,
246
,
292
,
Plate II

agriculture: cultivation of sacred land,
71
–
72
,
73
,
75
,
80
,
151
,
161
,
169
; grazing on sacred land,
353n42
; near Delphi,
143
; at site during W.W.II,
280

Agrippina Major,
207
,
209
–
10

Agrippina Minor,
210

Ai Khanoum, visitor from,
184

aire,
173
,
294
,
297
,
Plate II

Alcaeus,
33

Alcesippeia,
188
,
220

Alcesippus of Calydon,
188
,
220

Alcetas,
219

Alcmaeon,
72

Alcmaeonids,
75
,
98
–
100
,
109
,
113
; and reconstruction of temple,
100
; and Second Sacred War,
131
–
32

Alexander I of Macedon,
122
, golden statue of,
151

Alexander the Great of Macedon,
164
–
65
; death of,
166
; Delphi and defiance of,
165
–
66
; relationship of Amphictyony with,
165
–
66

Alexandrus,
197

Altar of Chians,
176
,
272
,
294
,
332n19
,
333n42
; discovery and excavation of,
272
; dismantled,
246
; location of,
16
; reconstruction of,
276
–
77
; repair and inscription of,
173

Alyattes of Lydia,
58
,
83
; dedications by,
151

Amandry, Pierre,
277
,
281
,
281
–
82

Amasis, pharaoh of Egypt,
96

ambiguity of oracle,
110
,
120
–
21
,
179
,
201
,
314n58
; Christian criticism of,
233
; as defense against powerful consultants,
29
,
84
–
85
; and deliberation or interpretation,
28
–
30
; and differing reports in literary sources,
60
; Nero's consultations and,
210
–
11
; and Persian war,
114
,
116
–
17
; and reputation,
30
; in response to Croesus,
28
–
29
,
83
–
85
,
328n43
; and retroactive interpretation of response,
163
–
64
; unambiguous responses to consultations,
134

American excavations at Delphi,
266

American School of Classical Studies,
264

Ammon, chariot sculpture of,
160

Ammon, sanctuary in Egypt,
165

Amphictyony,
15
,
71
–
72
,
75
,
337n25
; and access to the oracle,
90
; Aetolia and the,
171
–
72
,
175
,
178
; and Alexander the Great,
165
; as arbitrator in conflicts,
192
; and Asclepieion shrine,
226
; Attalids and the,
177
; Augustus and reorganization of,
203
,
205
–
6
,
207
; and city of Delphi,
159
,
186
–
87
; composition of,
77
,
235
; and construction at Delphi,
75
,
92
,
94
,
103
,
113
,
146
,
157
,
159
,
162
; control and management of Delphi by,
73
,
77
–
80
,
95
,
180
,
184
,
186
–
87
,
286
,
288
–
89
,
350n12
; currency minted by,
159
,
159
,
199
; declining power and influence of,
132
,
192
–
93
,
238
–
39
; dedications by,
120
,
155
,
185
,
188
,
207
–
10
,
214
,
238
,
349n3
,
350n12
; and defense of Delphi,
78
,
150
,
161
,
178
; and Delian league,
122
; First Sacred War and,
144
–
45
; as “general council of Greece,”
205
–
6
; Hadrian's reorganization and,
226
–
27
; internal conflict at Delphi and,
148
; legal decrees by,
144
; membership in,
77
,
82
,
154
–
55
,
171
–
72
,
175
,
178
,
210
,
216
,
226
–
27
,
235
,
351n24
; members honored with dedications,
350n12
; military force organized by,
161
; Nero and the,
209
–
10
; Phocia and,
154
–
55
,
171
; Phocians fined by,
149
–
50
,
154
,
156
,
159
; Plutarch as member of,
216
; and political independence of Delphi,
130
; purpose of,
77
–
78
,
144
,
205
–
6
; Pythian games and,
123
–
24
; and rebuilding of Delphi,
94
,
103
,
146
,
157
,
159
,
162
,
340n16
; responsibilities of,
144
; Romans and role of,
226
–
28
,
286
–
87
; and scandal at Delphi,
195
–
96
; Thessaly and,
82
,
210
,
227
; and war against Crisa,
71
–
72
,
75

Amphipolis,
133

Amphissa,
52
,
152
,
161
–
62
,
170
,
186
,
188
,
215
; dedications at Delphi,
162

Anaxandridas,
219

Ancyra,
229

Andos,
132

Andromache
(Euripides),
135

Androsthenes,
153

Anecdota Delphica
(Curtius),
261

Anthony,
201
–
2
; and political value of Delphi,
201
–
2

Antigonus II of Macedon,
178

Antinous,
233
,
272
,
299
; cult at Delphi,
104
,
224
,
299
; dedication of statue of,
224
,
225
,
272
,
299
; discovery and excavation of statue dedication,
272

Antiocheia: dedications from,
184

Antiochus III: dedications honoring,
184
; “liberation” of Delphi by,
185
; Roman defeat of,
185
–
86
,
192

Antipatrus of Eleuthernai,
197
,
206

Antoninus Pius,
228
,
233

Apollas,
219

Apollo: ambiguity and Apollo Loxias,
29
; divination and,
29
,
40
; and establishment of Delphi,
31
–
33
; as god of colonization,
63
; linked to Imperial cult of Rome,
237
–
38
; and order
vs.
chaos,
39
–
40
; purification of,
35
; sites considered for oracle of,
32
,
51
.
See also
Apollo sanctuary at Delphi
;
Temple of Apollo

Apollo, or The Oracle at Delphi
(1891),
22

Apollonia in Illyria: dedications from,
110
–
11
Apollonius,
219

Apollo Patroos,
175

Apollo Ptoios, sanctuary of,
96
,
99
,
104
,
116
,
178

Apollo Pythios: dual nature of,
41
–
42

Apollo sanctuary at Delphi,
69
; Asclepieion shrine within,
226
; Cleisthenes and dedication of,
82
; entrances to,
294
; evidence of cult activity buried in,
48
; habitation at site of,
366n3
; location of,
Plate I
; perimeter wall and boundary of,
74
–
75
,
87
,
293
; photos of location,
3
; reconstruction depicting dedications at entrance to,
129
; reconstruction of,
16
,
278
; Roman agora adjacent to,
292
; “sacred way” in,
246
; Temple Terrace,
16
,
102
,
295
,
Plate II
.
See also
Pythia
;
Temple of Apollo

Apollo's arrival via chariot, pedimental sculpture,
101

Appius Claudius Censorinus,
200

apples, Delphic,
259n40
,
359n40

Aratus of Achea,
179

arbitration: by the Amphictyony,
192
; Pythia and,
58
,
135
–
36
,
138
,
140
,
174
; by Roman corrector at Delphi and,
215

Arcadia: Arcadian confederacy,
135
–
36
,
146
; dedications by,
146
–
47
; Sparta as enemy of,
57
,
146

archaeological excavation: “big dig” (1892–1901),
42
,
267
–
74
,
277
; at Corycian cave,
283
–
84
; De le Coste-Messelière and,
275
–
76
; and European appropriation of antiquities,
255
–
56
; French,
43
,
251
,
263
–
67
,
275
–
78
(
See also
“big dig”
under this heading
); German scholarship and,
252
,
257
,
261
,
263
; Greek support of,
257
–
58
,
261
–
67
,
274
,
276
–
77
; Homolle and,
265
–
66
,
266
–
71
,
273
–
75
,
313n36
; Leake's maps and,
254
; literary sources and expectations,
42
,
233
–
34
,
254
,
256
–
57
,
274
; mudslide over excavated area,
277
; Müller's,
258
; of oldest buildings at site,
294
–
95
; Pomtow and,
265
–
66
,
273
,
275
; in progress,
270
,
271
; Raike's maps and,
254
; relocation of Castri and,
259
–
60
,
267
,
269
–
70
; Replat and site reconstruction,
274
–
75
; Spon and Wheler expedition,
251
,
253
; Stuart and Revett expedition,
251
; war and interruption of,
272
,
275
,
278
–
82