Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes (62 page)

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Authors: Tamim Ansary

BOOK: Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes
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kings’ significance
mercantilism
merchants’ status
nation-state emergence
patrons of art
Protestant reformation/reformation
science developments
seafaring prowess
trade/route to Indies (fig.)
university beginnings
Europe (1500-1800 CE)/Islamic world
European advisors
European competition
European dominance summary
“Great Game,” (fig.)
India trade
internal politics and
military technology and
private European companies
relationship complexity
sea routes(fig.)
trade(fig.)
Europe at time of Crusades
innovations/effects
land inheritance
Muslims’ view of
subsistence living
See also
Crusades
Faisal
Farabi, al-
Farangi Christians
Fatehpur Sikri
Fatima
Fatimids/khalifate(fig.)
Fatwas
Fedayeen
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
Firdausi
Firmest Bond, The
(journal)
Fly swatter affair
Fourteen Points (Wilson)
Franj Wars
See also
Crusades
French Revolution
Fukuyama, Francis
Gabriel, angel
Galen
Galileo
Gama, Vasco da
Gandhi, Mahatma
Gelvin, James L.
Genghis Khan.
See
Chengez Khan
Genocide
George-Picot, Francois(fig.)
Ghazali
Ghazan, Mahmoud
Ghazi emirates/orders
Ghaznavid dynasty
Gibbon, Edward
Gillespie, April
Ginsberg, Alan
Gökalp, Ziya
Gold from Americas
Golden Age of Islam See also Abbasid age;
Umayyad khalifate, Andalusian
“Great Game, The,” (fig.)
Great Indian Mutiny (1857-1858)
Great Wall of China
Greco-Buddhist art
Greek language
Guilds
Guns’ first use
Hadith
Hafsa
Haganah
Hager
Hajj as Islamic pillar
Hallaj, al-
Halliday, Denis
Hamas
Hamid, Sultan
Hamid II, Sultan
Hamzah
Hanafi school
Hanbali school
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Hanifa, Abu
Harems
Haroun al-Rashid
Harvey, William
Hashimites
description
rebellion against Umayyads
World War I and
Hassan (Ali’s son)
Hassan Sabbah
Hebrew language
Henry the Navigator, Prince
Herder, Johann
Herf, Jeffrey
Herzl, Theodor
Hess, Moses
Hezbollah
Hidden Imam
Hijra
Hind
Hinduism/Hindus
Hisdai ibn Shaprut
History of the Prophets and Kings
(Tabari)
Hulagu
Humanists
Hume, David
Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)
Huns
Huss, Johann
Hussein
martyrdom(fig.)
Shi’ism and
Hussein, Saddam
Ibn al-Athir
Ibn al-Haytham
Ibn al-Nafis
Ibn Hanbal
Ibn Ishaq
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
Ibn Taymiyah
Idolatry
Ijma
Ijtihad
Il-Khan dynasty
Imam
Hidden Imam
meaning
Shi’ism and
Incoherence of the Incoherence, The
(Ibn Rushd)
Incoherence of the Philosophers, The
(Ghazali)
Independence movements overview
India
British rule
bullet grease issue
fragmentation of
Great Indian Mutiny (1857-1858)
Hindu/Muslim relationship
independence
Moghul Empire and
trade with Europeans
Indulgences of the Church
Industrialization
China and
Industrial Revolution/Europe
Iran (after 1840s)
Islamic world and
social context and
women and
Intifadas
Iran
American hostages
Book of Kings, The
(Firdausi) and
British/Russian zones of influence
CIA coup/Shah
education
European deals/control
industrialization
nationalism and
oil
Qajar dynasty
revolution background/outcome
secular modernism
Shi’ism
views of U.S.
war with Iraq See also Safavids of Persia
Iraq
creation
Kuwait annexation/effects
oil
Saddam Hussein
UN sanctions
U.S. war against
war with Iran/U.S. su
pport See also Mesopotamia
Isfahan
Ishmael
Islam
broad meaning of
community vs. personal salvation
description/lifestyle
(seventeenth century)(fig.)
at end of Omar’s khalifate
growth of(fig.)
shared references
stories/lessons and
as “the world”
three khalifates (fig.)
Islam beginnings
battle success reasons
battles
conversions to
documentation/stories
as political entity
religious freedom and
See also specific individuals
Islam in Modern History
(Smith)
Islam-West relationship (today)
democracy and
incompatibilities
religion and
views of each other
women’s role
Islamic doctrine/law
after Mohammed’s death
argument by analogy
core creed and
during Mohammed’s life
five pillars
Omar and
shades of gray and
structure(fig.)
See also
Hadith; Qur’an; Scholars; Shari’a; Ulama
Islamic Jihad
Islamic Salvation Party
“Islamic Socialism”
Ismail (Egypt)
Ismail (Safavid)
Isma’ilis (Seveners)
Israel
birth(fig.)
U.S. support
See also
Palestinian-Israeli conflict; Zionism
Istanbul See also Constantinople
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Third
Jahan, Shah (Just King)
Jalaludin-i Rumi
Jamaluddin-i-Afghan
background
career/beliefs
influence/disciples
“non-aligned movement”
pan-Islamism
tobacco concession/boycott
Janissaries
Jawali
Jerusalem
Crusades
Muslim conquest of
Jews
discrimination of
early history
Nazis and
orthodox Judaism See also Israel; Palestin
ian-Israeli conflict; Zionism
Jihad
Ali/Ayesha conflict and
Crusades and
Ibn Taymiyah views
meanings
Omar and
Umayyad Empire and
Wahhabism
“Jihadists”
Jizya
Junayd, al-
Juzjani
Ka’ba temple
Kabir (poet)
Kalendar/Kalendari brotherhoods
Kant, Immanuel
Karbala and Hussein(fig.)
Kashmir
Kemal, Mustafa.
See
Atatürk
Kerouac, Jack
Khadija
Khaled bin al-Walid
Khalifates
Rightly Guided Khalifas
three khalifates (fig
.) See also specific khalifates
Kharijites
Khomeini, Ayatollah
Khosrow, Kay
Khusrow, Anushervan
Khwarazm-Shahs kingdom
Kindi, al-
Kipling, Rudyard
Kitab-al-Tawhid
(
The Book of Unity
/Abdul Wahhab)
Knights Hospitaller
Kurds/Kurdish language
Kuwait and Iraq
Language
nation-states and See also specific languages
Latin language
Lawrence, Thomas Edwa
rd (“Lawrence of Arabia”)
League of Nations
Lebanon
France and
Israeli invasions
Leibniz, Gottfried
Lenin, Vladimir
Lepanto battle (1571)
Levant
Lewis, Bernard
Lincoln, Abraham
Luther, Martin
Madrassas
Mahdi (“expected one”)
Maher, Bill
Mahmud, Sultan
Malik, Ibn
Malik Shah, Sultan
Maliki school
Malouf, Amin
Mamluk rule, Egypt
Mamluks
Mandates plan(fig.)
Mansur as khalifa
Manzikert battle (1071 CE)
Marathas
Maronite Christians
Marwan
Marx, Karl
Masud, Sultan
Mathematics
Mathnawi Ma’nawi
(Jalaludin-i Rumi)
Mazzini, Joseph
Mecca
battles with Medina
Mohammed’s birth/early life
pilgrimages
religion as business
Medicine foundation/innovations
Medina
Mohammed’s work in
Pact of Medina See also Yathrib
Mediterranean world
before Islam(fig.)
Middle World and
Mehmet, Sultan/“the Conqueror”
Mercantilism
Meritocracy
Mesopotamia
Michelangelo
Middle World
before Islam(fig.)
Mediterranean world and
“Middle East” and
overland routes(fig.)
Milestones
(Qutb)
Mirza Habib
Mirza Taqi (Amir Kabir)
Moat, Battle of the
Modernity
description See also Secular modernism
Moghul Empire
art/architecture
decline
Din-i Illahi (“the God Religion”)
guns/gunpowder and
Hindus and
India and
intolerance/restoration of Islam
overview/leaders
religious/universal tolerance,
192-193 territory
See also specific areas/countries
Mohammed
baraka of
birth/early life
death
miracles and
move to Yathrib (Medina)
plots against
revelations
sermons/beliefs
work in Medina
Monads
Moneylending
Mongols
origins/lifestyle
technology/strategy See also specific individuals
Mongols/Islamic world
Assassins and
conversion to Islam
defeat by Egypt
impacts
invasions/genocide (fig.)
Montesquieu, Charles
Morier, James
Mosaddeq, Mohammad
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
Mu’awiya
Ali and
Ayesha and
Othman and
selecting successor
Syria/Egypt rule by
Umayyad Empire and
Mufti of Jerusalem
Mujahideen-e-Khalq
Mumtaz Mahal
Murat I
Muslim Brotherhood
description/expansion
“jihadist” offshoots
Mu’tazilites
Muzaffar al-din
Nadir Shah
Nanak, Guru
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon III
Nasiruddin
Nasser, Gamal Abdul
background
as Egyptian leader
Nation-states
artificial/imperialist borders and
emergence
language and
Nationalism
Austro-Hungarian Empire
description
Germany
Italy
nation-state vs.
nation-statism vs.
Ottoman Empire
Pakistan’s birth and
politicians’ use of
Turkey
U.S. Civil War and See also Arab nationali
sm; Pan-Arab nationalism; Zionism
Nebuchadnezzar
Nelson, Lord
Newton, Isaac
Night of Power (Lailut al-Qadr) 9/11 attacks/effects
Nineveh
Nizam al-Mulk
Non-Aligned Movement
Nuruddin
Occultation
Occupied Territories
Oil
1973 embargo
democracy and
foreigners’ control
nationalizing industry
politics of
social impacts
technocracy vs. traditional economy
uses
See also specific countries
Old Man of the Mountains
Omar
death
description/background
as successor/beliefs
“The One,” philosophical concept

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