Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes (63 page)

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Authors: Tamim Ansary

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OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Orthodox Christianity
Othman (khalifa)
assassination/murderers
background/description
as successor/beliefs
Othman (Ottoman)
Ottoman Empire
architecture
Armenians
beginnings
Constantinople and
devshirme program
Eastern Orthodox community in
European friction
expansion of territory
guilds/Sufis connection
janissaries
Jews move to
millet system
nationalism
ruler as khalifa
Safavids of Persia and
secular modernism
social order
Sufism
tax system/“farms”
Timur’s victory See also specific areas/countries
Ottoman Empire decline
capitulations to Europeans
constitutionalism conflict
corruption/bribes
Deportation Act
expansion cessation
guild system
inflation
losses of territory
massacre of Armenians
princes/succession
revenue decline
speed of
Sultan’s harem and
Tanzimat (reorganization measures)
trade/raw materials and
Vienna and
vizier’s power
World War I and (fig.)(fig.)
Pact of Medina
Pahlavi.
See
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Pakistan birth
Palestine Liberation
Organization (PLO)
Palestinian-Israeli conflict
1948 war
Arab refugees (Palestinians)
following World War II
fourth war (Yom Kippur)
Jewish terrorism
Jews move to Palestine
other Arabs and
partition(fig.)
public relations
Six Day War/consequences
terrorism See also Israel; Zionism
Pan-Arab nationalism
See also Arab nationalism
Pan-Islamism
Jamaluddin
Muslim Brotherhood
Paper invention
Parthians
Pasha, Talaat/Enver/Djemal
Pasteur, Louis
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
Perlman, S. J.
Persian Empire
history
peak of
Persian language
Persian viziers
Persian Wars
Persians
description
qanats
Umayyad Empire and (fig.)
See also
Safavids of Persia
Peter the Great
Peter the Hermit
Phillip II, France
Philosophers of Islam
overview
science vs. theology
scientific foundations
studying other philosophies
universe schema
Plato
Plotinus
Polo, Marco
Prayer (Muslims) See also Salaat (namaz)
Prostitution
Protestant reformation/reformation
Pushto language
Qadisiya battle
Qajar dynasty
Qiyas
Qizilbash
Qur’an
compiling
definitive edition preparation
interpretation and
language of
Mu’awiya’s use in battle
qira’ut
tawhid and See also Hadith; Scholars
Quraysh tribe/members
Qutb, Sayyid
Rabia al-Basri
Radical Islamists (today)
dress-code policy
past and
secular modernism fal
l and See also specific groups;
specific individuals
Radulph of Caen
Rajputs
Rashid al-Din Fazlullah
Rida, Rashid
Rashidun
Razi, Abu Bakr al-
Reform movements (Islam)
approaches overview
reasons for See also Secular modernism;
specific individuals
;
specific movements
Refutation of the Materialists
(Jamaluddin)
Renan, Ernest
Reuters, Baron Julius de
Revival of the Religious Sciences, The
(Ghazali)
Reza Shah Pahlavi (father)
Reza Shah Pahlavi (son)
Richard I (Lionheart), England
Ridwan
Rightly Guided Khalifas
Roman Church
Bible interpretation
heretics and
hierarchy
individual salvation
reform/Protestant Reformation
Roman Empire
bodyguards
decline/division
legacy of
Parthians and See also Byzantine Empire
Romanus Diogenes
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Rothschild, Lord Lionel
Rumi, Jalaludin-i
Ruqayya
Russia
expansion/“Great Game,” (fig.)
Orthodox Christianity and
Rustum, Sassanid commander
Sadat, Anwar al-
Safavids of Persia
art/architecture
decline
Europeans and
guards (Qizilbash)
leadership
overview
Shi’ism and
Sunnis and
Saffah See also Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Said, Edward
Salaat (namaz) as Islamic pillar
Saladin
Salafism
Samanid dynasty
Sancho (the Fat), King
Sargon
Sassanid dynasty(fig.)
Saud, Aziz ibn (1900s)
Saud, Aziz ibn (early 1800s)
Saud, Mohammed ibn
Saudis/Saudi Arabia
beginnings
U.S. oil deal
Wahhabism
World War I
SAVAK
Sawm (roza) as Islamic pillar
Sayfi Heravi
Sayyid Ahmad, Sir (of Aligarh)
background
secular modernism and
Scholars (Islamic)
beginnings See also Hadith; Ulama
Science
Chaldeans
Europe (1291-1600 CE)
failure in Islamic world
Islamic philosophers and
Scientific method
Scientific Society, Aligarh, India
Secular modernism
in 1920s
Afghanistan
Arab nationalism and
Atatürk
dress-code policy and
fall of
Iran
Jamaluddin-i-Afghan
Ottoman Empire
Qajar Shahs of Iran
Sayyid Ahmad, Sir (of Aligarh)
Six Day War and
Turkey
women’s role See also specific groups;
specific individuals
Selim the Grim, Sultan
Seljuks/Seljuk era(fig.)
September 11 attacks/effects
Shafi’i, Imam al-
Shafi’i school
Shahadah as Islamic pillar
Shahanshah
Shajar al-Durr
Shams-i Tabrez
Shanama
(
The Book of Kings
/Firdausi)
Shari’a definition/description
Shariati, Ali
Sharif Hussein Ibn Ali
Sheikh al-Islam (“Old Man of Islam”)
Sherley, Robert/Anthony
Shi’i/Shi’ism
Abbasids and
Ali and
beginnings
beliefs/description
Hussein’s martyrdom and
Il-Khan dynasty
imam significance
Iran
Persians and
Twelvers
Umayyad Empire and
Wahhabism and See also Fatimids/khalifate; Safavids of Persia
Shirk
Shura
Siddhartha Gautama
Siffin battle
Sikhs
Sinon (Assassin)
Sinon (Ottoman architect)
Siraj al-Dawlah
Six Day War/consequences (1967)
Slavery
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell
Soviet Union fall
Spanish Inquisition
Spiritual Manuscript, The
(Jalaludin-i Rumi)
Steam engines
Stephenson, George
Suez Canal/Zone
Sufi brotherhoods
Sufism
Asia Minor
dervishes
description/spread
futuwwah ideals
Ghazali
ghazi orders
Ottoman Empire
Wahhabism and
Suleiman the Magnific
ent/the Lawgiver
Sumer/inventions
Sunnis
Sykes, Mark(fig.)
Sykes-Picot Agreement(fig.)
Syria
France and
Napoleon and
Tabari, Ibn Jarir al-
Taj Mahal
Talha
Taliban
Tancred, King
Tarzi
Tawhid
Tazieh
Templars
Term limits
Terrorism
Assassins
Bush war against terrorism
Palestinian-Israeli c
onflict See also specific events;
specific groups
Teutonic Knights
Thirty Years’ War
Time of Ignorance
Timur-i-lang (Tamerlane)
Tobacco concession/boycott
Tode Mongke
Toynbee, Arnold
Treaty of Balta Liman (1838)
Treitschke, Heinrich von
Turkey
becoming nation-state
demotion of Islam/clergy
secular modernism
women’s role See also Atatürk
Turkish language
Turko-Mongol tribes
Turks
Abbasid age and
attacks on Ghaznavid area
Seljuks/Seljuk era (fig.)
in seventeenth century Islamic world
Uhud battle
Ulama
becoming member of
beginnings
science and
social power of
Um Kulthum
Umayyad Empire
Abbasid revolution (fig.)
Arabization by
beginnings
expansion(fig.)
inequalities/social gradients
Islamification by
Mu’awiya and
overview(fig.)
Persians and (fig.)
See also specific individuals
Umayyad khalifate, An
dalusian (fig.)
Umayyads
description
Othman and
slaughter of
Umm al-Darda
Umm Hakim
Umma birth/definition
Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (UN)
University beginnings
Urban (engineer)
Urban II, Pope
Urdu language
Usamah ibn Munqidh
Vandals
Vesalius, Andreas
Vikings
Volksgeist
Wafd political party
Wagner, Richard
Wahhabism
beginnings
Deobandis
enemies/jihad
Saudis/Saudi Arabia
spread
tenets of
Waqfs
Waqqas, Sa’d ibn Abi
Washington, George
Water Carrier’s Son
Watt, James
Watts, Alan
Weitzman, Chaim
Wilson, Woodrow
Women’s role
before 1000 CE
change around 1000 CE
dress code
education
gender role separation
Islam-West incompatibilities on
secular modernism
seventeenth century
stability/instability and
Sultan’s harem, Istanbul
Works of Shams-i Tabrez, The
(Jalaludin-i Rumi)
World War I
European theater
Hashimite family
mandates plan(fig.)
Ottoman Empire and (fig.)(fig.)
Saudis and
World War II
World Zionist Congress
Wycliffe, John
Xerxes
Ya’qubi
Yaqut al-Hamawi
Yarmuk battle
Yathrib
Mohammed’s move to See also Medina
Yazid
Young Turks
Zaghlul
Zaidi sect (Fivers)
Zakat as Islamic pillar
Zangi
Zawaheri, al-
Zia al-Haq
Zionism
beginnings
European anti-Semitism and
Jewish claim
nationalism differences See also Israel; Palestinian-Israeli conflict
Ziyad
Zoroaster
Zoroastrianism
Zubayd

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