Drug War Capitalism (49 page)

Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement, 59, 74, 79–80

Canada-US-Mexico Free Trade Agreement.
See
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Canadian Energy Research Institute, 78

Canahuati, Jorge, 202

Canahuati family, 203

Canizales, Leopoldo, 162

cannabis.
See
marijuana

Carbocol, 67

Cardenas, Lazaro, 99

Cardenas Guillen, Osiel, 144–45

Cardona, Julián, 123–24, 141

Carías Andino, Tiburcio, 196

Caribbean area, 50

Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA), 199

Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), 199

Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), 37, 87, 234n75

Carrasco, Claudio, 137

CARSI.
See
Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)

“cartel” (word), 17

Casals & Associates, 92

Casanare, Colombia, 53–55 passim

Castañeda, Palacio, 61

Castaño, Carlos, 55, 66

Castillo Armas, Carlos, 186, 257n2

Castrejón Rivas, Oscar, 103

Castro, Xiomara, 206, 207

Catholic Church, 203, 257n2

CBERA.
See
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA)

CBI.
See
Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)

CBSI.
See
Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI)

Central American Common Market (CACM), 196

Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), 4, 6, 15, 30, 37, 87; Guatemala 187–89 passim; Honduras, 194, 217

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 57, 117, 119, 120, 169–70, 187, 188

Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo, A.C. (CIDAC), 91

Cerro Matoso, 68

CFE.
See
Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) (Mexico)

Chapo.
See
Guzman, Joaquin “El Chapo”

Chávez, Hugo, 100, 101, 201, 213

Chavira Martínez, Francisco, 17, 83–84, 222

Chéran, Mexico, 166

Chesapeake Gold Corporation, 135

Chiapas, Mexico, 94, 147, 148–49, 158

Chihuahua (state), Mexico, 101, 103, 109–14 passim, 143, 147, 153–58; homicides, 122; mining, 132–34, 154–58; oil deposits, 153.
See also
Ciudad Juárez

Chihuahua City, 111, 143

children, 11, 13–14, 63, 159, 171, 172, 178, 222

Chile, 71, 90, 95, 103, 185, 205

China, 40, 45, 95, 98, 160, 162

Chiquita Brands, 65, 66–67

Chollett, Donna, 164

CIA.
See
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

CIDAC.
See
Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo, A.C.

“Cinco de Mayo” mining project, 156–58 passim

Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 111–14 passim, 121–27 passim, 130, 141, 146, 154, 222

Ciudad Mier, Mexico, 152

Claspell, Bill, 125

Clinton, Hillary, 30–31, 85, 194

clothing industry.
See
garment industry

Coahuila, Mexico, 147, 153, 160

coal, 65, 67–68, 160

coca, 28, 38, 44–48 passim, 53, 54, 57, 62, 68

cocaine, 27–29 passim, 38, 42, 50, 62, 76; Colombia, 53–57 passim, 61, 62, 67, 70, 183; crack, 42; distribution of profits, 88, 106; early history, 45, 46; Florida, 50; Guatemala, 179, 183; marijuana ranked with, 39; Mexico, 144; systems of protection, 29

coffee, 44, 171, 181

COHEP.
See
Honduran National Business Council (COHEP)

Collier, Paul, 88

Colom, Álvaro, 177, 179, 182, 191

Colombia, 11–15, 19–21 passim, 28, 50, 51, 189, 191, 221; army, 53, 56–66 passim, 70, 73, 75; coca, 28, 38, 47–48; Congress, 59; food crisis, 58; foreign debt, 73; guerrillas, 54, 55, 57, 147; Honduran arms in, 210; marijuana, 47; military bases, 27; mirrored in Guatemala, 173; mirrored in Mexico, 3, 140, 147, 153, 168; money laundering and, 107; oil industry, 8, 12, 48, 54–57 passim, 61–64 passim, 73–78 passim, 99; Posse Comitatus Act and, 43; rich people, 73; training of Guatemalans and Hondurans, 185, 189, 205, 215; training of Mexican police, 116, 118; US aid to, 15, 56–57, 58, 62, 76, 87, 89, 140.
See also
Constitution of Colombia; Plan Colombia

Colombia-US Action Plan on Regional Security Cooperation.
See
US-Colombia Action Plan on Regional Security Cooperation

Colombia-US free trade agreement.
See
US-Colombia free trade agreement

colonialism, 44, 169, 220

Colorado, training of Mexico prison guards in, 125–26

Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) (Mexico), 22, 101, 160

community policing, 137

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, 39

compulsory military service.
See
military service, mandatory

El Concord (gangster), 145

Conjunto Chihuahua.
See
Operation Conjunto Chihuahua

Constitution of Colombia, 60, 78

Constitution of Honduras, 200–203 passim, 206

Constitution of Mexico, 8, 22, 94, 97–100 passim, 104, 105, 134, 185

construction projects, resistance to.
See
resistance to construction projects

contamination of land, 153–54

Coordinadora Regional de Autoridades Comunitarias.
See
Regional Coordinator of Community Authorities (CRAC) (Guerrero, Mexico)

COPINH.
See
Council of Indigenous and Popular Organizations of Honduras (COPINH)

corn, 48–49, 183

corporations, multinational and transnational.
See
multinational and transnational corporations

Correa, Rafael, 115

Correa Cabrera, Guadalupe, 142–45 passim

corruption, 28–29, 100–101, 106–7, 116–24 passim, 248n106

Cortes Moreno, Guillermo, 150

Costa, Antonio Maria, 107

Costa Rica, 37, 202

cotton, 24, 155, 171

Council of Indigenous and Popular Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), 194

counterinsurgency, 85, 104, 115, 127, 147, 197

coups, 169–70, 194, 198, 201–4 passim, 213, 214; forecast, 101

Courtwright, David:
Forces of Habit
, 43–44

coyote system, 148

CRAC.
See
Regional Coordinator of Community Authorities (CRAC) (Guerrero, Mexico)

CREOMPAZ, 171, 172

“criminal bands” (label).
See
“Bacrim” (label)

criminal justice reform, Mexican, 102–5

crop eradication (drug interdiction), 41, 42, 47, 56–58 passim, 70, 76, 77

Cruz Hernández, Isabel, 96–97

Cuatro Balam mega-project, 179, 183

Cuba, 119, 187

Cuc Choc, Maria Magdalena, 175–76

Customs and Border Protection, US.
See
US Customs and Border Protection

D

dams, 136, 171, 183, 214.
See also
hydroelectric projects

DEA.
See
US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

death penalty for marijuana, 39

death squads, 60, 140, 187, 198, 205, 209, 215

death threats, 63, 156

debt, foreign.
See
foreign debt

decriminalization of marijuana and narcotics, 42

Defense Department, US.
See
US Department of Defense

Delano, Warren, II, 45

De Jesús Pop Ac, Amilcar.
See
Pop Ac, Amilcar de Jesús

De la Rosa, Gustavo, 114

Del Bosque, Melissa, 162

Delgado Ramos, Gian Carlo, 38, 141–42

Del Monte, 65

Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) (Mexico), 83–84, 131, 245n50