Drug War Capitalism (52 page)

Menocal, Carlos, 179

Merck, 45

Mérida Initiative, 4, 6, 15, 30–38, 84–93 passim, 102–6 passim, 115–18 passim, 189; Guatemala and, 189; homicides and, 32, 57; Honduras and, 194; prisons and, 86, 116, 125, 126.
See also
Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)

methamphetamines, 42, 60

Mexican Constitution.
See
Constitution of Mexico

Mexico, 15–37 passim, 48–49, 80–168 passim, 220, 222–23; army, 46, 110–14 passim, 118–25 passim, 131, 135–36, 140, 144, 152, 153, 159, 162, 167, 168; balance of trade, 90; central bank, 95; colonization, 169; Correa-Cabrera on, 2, 3, 4, 8; credit rating, 95, 102; education reform, 94, 95; elections, 2, 3, 22, 25; exports, 90, 95, 105, 106, 164; farming, 48–49, 96, 97, 154, 155, 163–68 passim; financial reform, 95–97; Honduran arms in, 210; manufacturing, 23, 94, 106, 121; marijuana, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47; military spending, 86–87; mining, 24, 101–2, 129–35 passim, 154–61 passim, 164; oil industry, 22, 86, 95, 99–101 passim, 152; in Pacific Alliance, 71; Plan Colombia and, 60; rebranding, 97–98; US aid to, 2, 86–87, 89, 115–17.
See also
Mérida Initiative; Pact for Mexico

Mexico borders.
See
Guatemala-Mexico border; US-Mexico border and region

Mexico Competitiveness Institute, 104

Miami Herald
, 37

Michoacán, Mexico, 118, 147, 160–68 passim.
See also
La Familia Michoacana

migrants and migration, 31, 34, 40, 121, 127–31 passim, 147–51, 210.
See also
immigration law

Mijangos Leal, Miguel Ángel, 159–60

military bases: Colombia, 27, 68, 77, 78, 182; Guatemala, 171, 172, 174–75; Honduras, 197, 208, 212, 213, 217

military service, mandatory, 200

military spending: Guatemala, 184; Mexico, 186–87

Miller, Todd:
Border Patrol Nation
, 127

Minero, Yadira, 200

mining industry, 7, 24; Canadian ownership, 135, 154–58 passim, 175; Colombia, 64, 65, 67–68; Guatemala, 175; Honduras, 201, 214; Mexico, 24, 101–2, 129–35 passim, 154–61 passim, 164

Miskitu people, 213

mobility.
See
freedom of movement; migrants and migration

Molina, Aurelio, 214

Molloy, Molly, 25, 112

Monárrez Fragoso, Julia E., 111

money laundering, 29, 106–7, 120, 143, 209

Monsanto, 58

Montenegro, Nineth, 185

Monterrey, Mexico, 32, 37, 146

Mora, Frank, 188

Morales, Mynor, 178–79, 180

Morena, 131

morphine, 45, 258n14

Moskito people.
See
Miskito people

Multifiber Arrangement (MFA), 199

multinational and transnational corporations, 68, 129–35 passim, 143, 154–62 passim; Canadian ownership, 77, 101, 135, 154–58 passim, 175, 181, 183; Guatemala, 171, 175; Honduras, 198–201 passim

murder: of activists, dissidents, etc., 154–60 passim, 175, 198, 204, 206–7, 213, 214; Colombia, 58–59, 65–70 passim; Guatemala, 170, 172, 175; Honduras, 27, 194, 195, 198, 204–9 passim, 213, 214; of journalists, 34, 36; of LGBTI people, 69, 209; Mexico, 25, 31, 36, 49, 109–25 passim, 139, 148–61 passim, 167, 222; of migrants, 31, 148–49, 151; of unionists, 69; by US-trained police, 116.
See also
assassinations

murder rate, 6; Honduras, 27, 194, 195, 206, 207; Mexico, 111, 114, 121

Murillo Karam, Jesús, 102

N

NAFTA.
See
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Naranjo, Oscar, 118

El Narco
(Grillo), 47

Narcoland
(Hernández), 119

National Action Party (PAN) (Mexico), 22, 27, 93, 98, 119, 131

National Industrial Association (ANDI) (Honduras), 202

nationalization, 100, 169, 199

National Liberation Army (Colombia).
See
Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) (Colombia)

national parks, Guatemalan.
See
parks, Guatemalan

National Security Decision Directive 221 (United States), 41

native people.
See
indigenous people

natural gas: Colombia, 74; Honduras, 213; Mexico, 100, 152–53, 220

natural resource extraction.
See
extractive industries

Negroponte, John Dmitri, 197

NGOs.
See
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

Nicaragua, 37, 67, 149, 172, 210, 216

nickel mines, 68, 175

Nixon, Richard, 39, 50

Noé Anzueto Girón, Ulises, 173

Noé Pino, Hugo, 203–4, 207, 210

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 91–93 passim, 128, 180, 198

Noriega, Manuel, 41

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 22, 25, 48–49, 85, 90, 98, 155

nuclear waste disposal, 153

Nueva Esperanza, Guatemala, 177–79 passim

Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, 23, 127, 130, 145, 146, 148

Nuevo Leon, Mexico, 153

O

Oaxaca, Mexico, 25, 94, 158–59

Obama, Barack, 30, 43, 57, 98–99

Obrador, Manuel López, 25

Occidental Petroleum (Oxy), 12, 74, 75

occupation of land.
See
land occupations

Ocensa, 62

O’Day, Patrick, 46–47

ODC.
See
Oleoducto de Colombia (ODC)

Office of National Drug Control Policy, 89

OFRANEH.
See
Black Fraternal Organization of Honduras (OFRANEH)

oil industry, 7, 8; Canadian ownership, 77, 181, 183; Colombia, 8, 12, 48, 54–57 passim, 61–64 passim, 73–78 passim, 99; Guatemala, 175, 181–83; Honduras, 213; Mexico, 22, 86, 95, 99–101 passim, 152, 153

Olarte, Camilo, 63

Oleoducto de Colombia (ODC), 62–63

Olivares, Manuel, 159

Operation
Conjunto Chihuahua, 111, 122

Operation Guerrero Seguro, 163

Operation Intercept, 40–41

Operation Martillo, 184–88 passim

Operation Trizo, 47

opium, 39, 43–45 passim, 48, 57, 133.
See also
poppy cultivation

Orlando Hernández, Juan, 207

Orta, Barbaro José, 12

Osorio Chen, Efraín, 170

Otero, Miguel, 14

Overdick Mejía, Horst Walter, 191

Oxy.
See
Occidental Petroleum (Oxy)

P

Pacific Alliance, 71

Pacific Rubiales, 65, 77, 183, 241n106

Pact for Mexico, 93, 96, 97, 245n50

Padgett, Humberto, 166

Padilla, Hector, 122

Palacio Castañeda, Germán, 37

palm oil industry, 55, 65, 66, 69, 162, 175, 215, 220

Panama, 37, 41

Pan American Silver Corporation, 133

Panetta, Leon, 188

Pantin, Ronald, 77–78

paraquat, 47

parks, Guatemalan, 79, 181, 182, 183

Partido Acción Nacional.
See
National Action Party (PAN) (Mexico)

Partido de la Revolución Democrática. See Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) (Mexico)

Partido Revolucionario Institucional.
See
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) (Mexico)

Pastraña, Andrés, 56

Patriot Party (Guatemala), 173, 191

Paz García, Policarpo, 197

Paz y Paz, Claudia, 172

Peasant Self-Defense of Casanare.
See
Autodefensas Campesinas del Casanare (ACC)

Pemex, 22, 86, 95, 99–101 passim, 152

Peña Amaya, Luis, 134

Peña García, Jessica Leticia, 109–14 passim

Peña Nieto, Enrique, 26, 90–99 passim, 118, 131, 137

Perenco, 65, 181–82

Pérez Molina, Otto, 173–74, 176, 177, 184, 190–91, 259n30

Pérez Zabalza, Julio, 150

Peru, 27, 28, 38, 45, 71, 90, 153

Petrobank, 77

Petrobras, 54–55