Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England (40 page)

81
  

BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, f. 16v. Eleanor’s seal is reproduced in Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 45 plate 3.

82
  

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 378–9 no. 157, 382–3 no. 158, 388–9 no. 161, 388–9 no. 162.

83
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 384–7 no. 159, esp. pp. 384–5.

84
  

Ibid., i, pp. 158–61 no. 60, esp. 158–9.

85
  

Ibid.

86
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 341–51 no. 141, esp. 348–9, 376–7 no. 155. See also ibid., ii, pp.357–9 no. 144, esp. 358–9 for Geoffrey’s delay in joining the earl and countess in Gascony in 1250, and pp. 382–3 no. 158 for the difficulties that Marsh encountered in finding a suitable priest to enter the Montforts’ household.

87
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 562–3 no. 241.

88
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 326–9 no. 134.

89
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 341–51 no. 141, esp. pp. 350–1.

90
  

C. H. Lawrence (1994),
The Friars: The Impact of the Early Mendicant Movement on Western Society
. Longman: Harlow, p. 168.

91
  

Ibid., pp. 169–70.

92
  

On this, see Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 92–3.

93
  

Monasticon anglicanum
, vi, pt iii, p. 1486.

94
  

C. Douais (1885),
Les Frères prêcheurs en Gascogne au XIII
^me
et au XIV
^me
siècle
. Paris: Société historique de Gascogne, 2 vols, i, p. 265; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 44.

95
  

CR, 1254–6
, p. 244.

96
  

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 370–3 no. 151.

97
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 326–9 no. 134, esp. pp. 326–7.

98
  

John founded Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire, which later served as the burial place of Richard of Cornwall’s wife, Isabella Marshal. Richard also founded Hailes Abbey in 1246, which served as his burial place and that of Sanchia of Provence, his son Henry of Almain and another son who died in infancy. See
The Beaulieu Cartulary
, ed. S. F. Hockey (1974). Southampton: Southampton Record Series, vol. 17; D. Westerhoff (2008),
Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England
. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 58–9.

99
  

‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 336. Waverley was situated just ten miles from Odiham Castle: Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 79.

100

‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 336; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 42.

101

‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 336.

102

‘Early Charters and Patrons of Leicester Abbey, Appendix: The Charters of Leicester Abbey, 1139–1265 ’, ed. D. Crouch (2006), in J. Story, J. Bourne and R. Buckley (eds),
Leicester Abbey: Medieval History, Archaeology and Manuscript Studies
. Leicester: Leicestershire Archaeological Society, pp. 225–87, at pp. 269–70. No mention was made of Eleanor in another charter issued by the earl in c. 1239: ibid., pp. 267–8.

103

BnFr MS Clairambault 1021; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 104. According to the Dunstable annalist, Earl Simon secured similar rights from Dunstable Priory in 1263, but Eleanor’s involvement, on this occasion, was not recorded: ‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 226.

104

BnFr MS Clairambault 1021.

105

BL MS Cotton Otho D. III (St Albans cartulary), f. 111r.

106

Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 55.

107

CR, 1247–51
, pp. 22, 74, 302;
CR, 1251–3
, p. 356;
CR, 1254–6
, pp. 87, 329, 330.

108

The Montforts’ voluntary exile prompted Henry to grant Odiham to Engelard de Cigogné. After Cigogné’s death in 1243, Odiham was restored to them: MacGregor,
Odiham Castle
, p. 52;
CFR, 1243–4
, no. 451, available online at
http://www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_041.html
, accessed on 06 April 2011.

109

CR, 1242–7
, p. 424.

110

Ibid., p. 458.

111

See p. 55.

112

CPR, 1232–47
, p. 419.

113

R. Allen-Brown (1955), ‘Royal Castle-Building in England, 1154-1216’,
EHR
, 276, pp. 353–98, at pp. 368, 394.

114

A. Pettifer (1995),
English Castles: A Guide by Counties
. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 256–8.

115

CLR, 1226–40
, p. 220.

116

CLR, 1240–45
, pp. 32–3.

117

Ibid., p. 71. For renovations to the castle, see also
The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Twenty-Sixth Year of the Reign of King Henry III, A.D. 1241–1242
, ed. H. L. Cannon (1918). New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 177; Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
(2nd edn), p. 32.

118

CPR, 1247–58
, p. 5.

119

Ibid., p. 250.

120

SCLA, DR10/1356.

121

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 378–83 no. 157, esp. pp. 378–9.

122

Chronica majora
, v, p. 1; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 106–7.

123

Chronica majora
, v, pp. 98–9.

124

Harris,
English Aristocratic Women
, p. 99.

125

See, for example, Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, pp. 255–6; Parsons, ‘Mothers, Daughters’, pp. 73–5; J. C. Parsons (1996), ‘The Pregnant Queen as Counsellor and the Medieval Construction of Motherhood’, in Parsons and Wheeler (eds),
Medieval Mothering
, pp. 39–61.

126

Chronica majora
, iii, p. 518; Stacey,
Politics, Policy and Finance
, p. 124 n. 168.

127

Paris noted that Eleanor was ‘then pregnant’:
Chronica majora
, iii, p. 567.

128

Chronica majora
, iv, p. 44 n. 6 (marginal note); Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 43.

129

For discussion on this, see Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 43.

130

Ibid., pp. 43–4.

131

See p. 84.

132

Breastfeeding helps to suppress a new mother’s fertility.

133

For an image of a noblewoman testing the breast of a wet nurse, see BL MS Sloan 2435, f. 28v (Aldobrandino of Siena,
Li Livres dou Santé
, France, late thirteenth century). See also W. F. MacLehose (2010), ‘Health and Science’, in L. J. Wilkinson (ed.),
A Cultural History of Childhood and Family
, Oxford: Berg, pp. 161–78, at pp. 168–70, esp. fig. 9.1.

134

‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 152.

135

L. J. Wilkinson (2010), ‘Education’, in idem (ed.),
A Cultural History of Childhood and Family
, pp. 91–108, at p. 98.