Empire of Illusion (32 page)
Read Empire of Illusion Online
Authors: Chris Hedges
4
Paul A. Cantor, “Pro Wrestling and the End of History,”
The Weekly Standard
5:3 (4 Oct. 1999): 17-22.
Paul A. Cantor, “Pro Wrestling and the End of History,”
The Weekly Standard
5:3 (4 Oct. 1999): 17-22.
6
Ibid., 198.
Ibid., 198.
9
Antonino D'Ambrosio,
A Heartbeat and a Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears
(New York: Nation Books, 2009).
Antonino D'Ambrosio,
A Heartbeat and a Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears
(New York: Nation Books, 2009).
10
William Deresiewicz, “The End of Solitude,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
55:21 (30 Jan. 2009): B6.
William Deresiewicz, “The End of Solitude,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
55:21 (30 Jan. 2009): B6.
11
Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.”
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
.
Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.”
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
.
15
Neil Postman,
Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business
(New York: Penguin, 1985), 80.
Neil Postman,
Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business
(New York: Penguin, 1985), 80.
18
Ibid., 209.
Ibid., 209.
19
Ibid., 214.
Ibid., 214.
20
Ibid., 235-237.
Ibid., 235-237.
21
Cited in Gordon Burn, “Have I Broken Your Heart?”
The Guardian
, March 7 2009.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/07/gordon-burn
.
Cited in Gordon Burn, “Have I Broken Your Heart?”
The Guardian
, March 7 2009.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/07/gordon-burn
.
22
My account of Jade Goody is informed by Burn, “Have I Broken Your Heart?”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/07/gordon-burn
.
My account of Jade Goody is informed by Burn, “Have I Broken Your Heart?”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/07/gordon-burn
.
23
Hannah Arendt, “The Crisis in Culture,” in
Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought
(New York: Penguin, 1993), 207.
Hannah Arendt, “The Crisis in Culture,” in
Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought
(New York: Penguin, 1993), 207.
25
Statistics were obtained from the following sources: National Institute for Literacy, National Center for Adult Literacy, The Literacy Company, U.S. Census Bureau.
Statistics were obtained from the following sources: National Institute for Literacy, National Center for Adult Literacy, The Literacy Company, U.S. Census Bureau.
28
Benjamin DeMott, “Junk Politics: A Voter's Guide to the Post-Literate Election,”
Harper's Magazine
(November 2003): 36.
Benjamin DeMott, “Junk Politics: A Voter's Guide to the Post-Literate Election,”
Harper's Magazine
(November 2003): 36.
30
Ibid., 255.
Ibid., 255.
35
Wendell Berry,
The Unsettling of America: Culture & Agriculture
(San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1977), 24.
Wendell Berry,
The Unsettling of America: Culture & Agriculture
(San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1977), 24.
CHAPTER 2: THE ILLUSION OF LOVE
5
Robert Jensen,
Getting Off: Pornography and the End of Masculinity
(Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2007), 126.
Robert Jensen,
Getting Off: Pornography and the End of Masculinity
(Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2007), 126.
6
Bill Margold, quoted in Robert J. Stoller and I.S. Levin,
Coming Attractions: The Making of an X-Rated Video
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993), 31.
Bill Margold, quoted in Robert J. Stoller and I.S. Levin,
Coming Attractions: The Making of an X-Rated Video
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993), 31.
7
Gail Dines, “The White Man's Burden: Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity,”
Yale Journal of Law and Feminism
18 (2006), 296-297.
Gail Dines, “The White Man's Burden: Gonzo Pornography and the Construction of Black Masculinity,”
Yale Journal of Law and Feminism
18 (2006), 296-297.
8
Ibid., 297.
Ibid., 297.
9
Scott Simon, host. “Promoting Healthcare for the Porn Industry,”
Weekend Edition
. National Public Radio, Dec. 8, 2007.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17044239
.
Scott Simon, host. “Promoting Healthcare for the Porn Industry,”
Weekend Edition
. National Public Radio, Dec. 8, 2007.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17044239
.
10
Lubben, Shelley, and Jersey Jaxin. “Jersey Jaxin on Why She Quit Porn,”
YouTube.
Accessed Aug. 12, 2007. Part 1:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACLK5ccKfM
and Part 2:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1NObcJV8r0&feature=related
.
Lubben, Shelley, and Jersey Jaxin. “Jersey Jaxin on Why She Quit Porn,”
YouTube.
Accessed Aug. 12, 2007. Part 1:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACLK5ccKfM
and Part 2:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1NObcJV8r0&feature=related
.
CHAPTER 3: THE ILLUSION OF LOVE
1
Theodor Adorno, “Education after Auschwitz” (
http://grace.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/frankfurt/auschwitz/AdornoEducation.pdf
), 10.
Theodor Adorno, “Education after Auschwitz” (
http://grace.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/frankfurt/auschwitz/AdornoEducation.pdf
), 10.
2
Ibid., 6.
Ibid., 6.
3
Charles Ting, “The Dormitories at U.C. Berkeley.” in Nader, Laura, et al.,
Controlling Processes: Selected Essays, 1994-2005
. The Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 92/93 (2005): 197-229.
Charles Ting, “The Dormitories at U.C. Berkeley.” in Nader, Laura, et al.,
Controlling Processes: Selected Essays, 1994-2005
. The Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 92/93 (2005): 197-229.
5
Schwartz, “Good Morning, Regents.”
UniversityProbe.org
.
http://uni- versityprobe.org/2009/02/good-morning-regents/
.
Schwartz, “Good Morning, Regents.”
UniversityProbe.org
.
http://uni- versityprobe.org/2009/02/good-morning-regents/
.
6
Josh Keller, “For Berkeley's Sports Endowment, a Goal of $1 Billion.”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, Jan. 23, 2009.
http://chronicle.com/weekly/v55/i20/20a01301.htm
.
Josh Keller, “For Berkeley's Sports Endowment, a Goal of $1 Billion.”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, Jan. 23, 2009.
http://chronicle.com/weekly/v55/i20/20a01301.htm
.
10
Joseph A. Soares,
The Power of Privilege: Yale and America's Elite Universities
(Stanford, Calf.: Stanford University Press, 2007),
http://insidehighered.com/news/2007/04/11/soares
; Daniel Golden,
The Price of Admission:
How America's Ruling Class Buys Its Way into Collegesâand Who Gets Left Outside the Gates
(New York: Random House, 2006),
http://insidehigh- ered.com/news/2006/09/05/admit
.
Joseph A. Soares,
The Power of Privilege: Yale and America's Elite Universities
(Stanford, Calf.: Stanford University Press, 2007),
http://insidehighered.com/news/2007/04/11/soares
; Daniel Golden,
The Price of Admission:
How America's Ruling Class Buys Its Way into Collegesâand Who Gets Left Outside the Gates
(New York: Random House, 2006),
http://insidehigh- ered.com/news/2006/09/05/admit
.
11
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1961). This is the last line of the book. The original publication was in the Annalen der Naturphilosophie, 1921: “
Woven man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen
.”
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1961). This is the last line of the book. The original publication was in the Annalen der Naturphilosophie, 1921: “
Woven man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen
.”
12
William Deresiewicz, “The Disadvantages of an Elite Education,”
The American Scholar
(Summer 2008).
http://www.theamericanscholar.org/the-disadvantages
of-an-elite-education.
William Deresiewicz, “The Disadvantages of an Elite Education,”
The American Scholar
(Summer 2008).
http://www.theamericanscholar.org/the-disadvantages
of-an-elite-education.
14
Ibid., 230.
Ibid., 230.
17
Deresiewicz, “Disadvantages.”
Deresiewicz, “Disadvantages.”
18
William Hazlitt, “Memoirs of Thomas Holcroft,” in
Collected Works
, Vol. 2 (London: J.M. Dent, 1902), 155.
William Hazlitt, “Memoirs of Thomas Holcroft,” in
Collected Works
, Vol. 2 (London: J.M. Dent, 1902), 155.
19
Frank Donoghue,
The Last Professors: The Corporate University and the Fate of the Humanities
(New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), 91.
Frank Donoghue,
The Last Professors: The Corporate University and the Fate of the Humanities
(New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), 91.
20
Andrew J. Wall,
Andrew Carnegie
(New York, Oxford University Press, rpt. Pittsburgh: University Of Pittsburgh Press, 1989), 837; Richard Teller Crane,
The Utility of all Kinds of Higher Schooling
(Chicago, H.O. Shepard, 1909), 106.
Andrew J. Wall,
Andrew Carnegie
(New York, Oxford University Press, rpt. Pittsburgh: University Of Pittsburgh Press, 1989), 837; Richard Teller Crane,
The Utility of all Kinds of Higher Schooling
(Chicago, H.O. Shepard, 1909), 106.
22
David L. Kirp,
Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), 243.
David L. Kirp,
Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), 243.
24
Quoted in full in Condé Nast
Portfolio.com
, “Daily Brief: Hedge Fund Manager: Goodbye and FââYou,” Oct. 17, 2008.
http://www.portfolio.com/v iews/blogs/daily-br ief/2008/10/17/hedge-fund-manager-good bye-and-f-you.
Quoted in full in Condé Nast
Portfolio.com
, “Daily Brief: Hedge Fund Manager: Goodbye and FââYou,” Oct. 17, 2008.
http://www.portfolio.com/v iews/blogs/daily-br ief/2008/10/17/hedge-fund-manager-good bye-and-f-you.
25
Adorno, “Education after Auschwitz,” 6-7.
Adorno, “Education after Auschwitz,” 6-7.
CHAPTER 4: THE ILLUSION OF HAPPINESS
2
Randall Colvin and Jack Block, “Do Positive Illusions Foster Mental Health? An Examination of the Taylor and Brown Formulation,”
Psychological Bulletin
116:1 (July 1994), 3-20.
Randall Colvin and Jack Block, “Do Positive Illusions Foster Mental Health? An Examination of the Taylor and Brown Formulation,”
Psychological Bulletin
116:1 (July 1994), 3-20.
3
One group that applies positive psychology to business practices, and touts the worldwide goodness this spreads, posts this laudatory message sent to the group in July 2004 by then-U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan: “I would like to commend you for your innovative methodology of âapprecia tive inquiry' and to thank you for introducing it to the United Nations. Without this, it would have been very difficult, perhaps even impossible, to constructively engage so many leaders of business, civil society, and government.” Business as an Agent of World Benefit (BAWB) Global Forum.
http://www.bawbglobalforum.org/content/view/47/115
.
One group that applies positive psychology to business practices, and touts the worldwide goodness this spreads, posts this laudatory message sent to the group in July 2004 by then-U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan: “I would like to commend you for your innovative methodology of âapprecia tive inquiry' and to thank you for introducing it to the United Nations. Without this, it would have been very difficult, perhaps even impossible, to constructively engage so many leaders of business, civil society, and government.” Business as an Agent of World Benefit (BAWB) Global Forum.
http://www.bawbglobalforum.org/content/view/47/115
.
4
Anthropologist Laura Nader strongly disagrees with the assertion that positive emotions and health go together.
Anthropologist Laura Nader strongly disagrees with the assertion that positive emotions and health go together.
6
Mihály Csikszentmihály, “Brain Channels Thinker of the Year Award: 2000: Mihály Csikszentmihály, âFlow Theory.'”
Brain Channels
. Accessed April 5, 2009.
http://www.brainchannels.com/thinker/mihaly.html
; Jamie Chamberlin, “Reaching âFlow' to Optimize Work and Play,”
American Psychological Association Monitor
29:7 (July 1998),
http://www.apa.org/monitor/ju198/joy.html
.
Mihály Csikszentmihály, “Brain Channels Thinker of the Year Award: 2000: Mihály Csikszentmihály, âFlow Theory.'”
Brain Channels
. Accessed April 5, 2009.
http://www.brainchannels.com/thinker/mihaly.html
; Jamie Chamberlin, “Reaching âFlow' to Optimize Work and Play,”
American Psychological Association Monitor
29:7 (July 1998),
http://www.apa.org/monitor/ju198/joy.html
.
7
Csikszentmihály, “âFlow Theory.'”
Csikszentmihály, “âFlow Theory.'”
8
E. Diener, C. Nickerson, R. E. Lucas, and E. Sandvik, “Dispositional Affect and Job Outcomes,”
Social Indicators Research
59 (2002), 229-259.
E. Diener, C. Nickerson, R. E. Lucas, and E. Sandvik, “Dispositional Affect and Job Outcomes,”
Social Indicators Research
59 (2002), 229-259.
9
S. E. Taylor, “Adjustment to Threatening Events: A Theory of Cognitive Adaptation,
American Psychologist
38 (1983), 1161-1173. Quoted in Colvin and Block, “Do Positive Illusions Foster Mental Health?”
S. E. Taylor, “Adjustment to Threatening Events: A Theory of Cognitive Adaptation,
American Psychologist
38 (1983), 1161-1173. Quoted in Colvin and Block, “Do Positive Illusions Foster Mental Health?”
11
D. A. Jopling, “âTake away the life-lie . . . ' Positive illusions and creative self deception.”
Philosophical Psychology
9 (1996), 525-544.
D. A. Jopling, “âTake away the life-lie . . . ' Positive illusions and creative self deception.”
Philosophical Psychology
9 (1996), 525-544.
12
Chris Cochran. “The Production of Cultural Difference: Paradigm Enforcement in Cultural Psychology,”
Psychology at Berkeley
Spring 2008.
Chris Cochran. “The Production of Cultural Difference: Paradigm Enforcement in Cultural Psychology,”
Psychology at Berkeley
Spring 2008.
13
“In Good We Trust,” in
Mother Jones
, January/February 2009.
http://www.motherjones.com/media/2009/02/books-good-we-trust
.
“In Good We Trust,” in
Mother Jones
, January/February 2009.
http://www.motherjones.com/media/2009/02/books-good-we-trust
.
14
Sura Hart and Victoria Kindle Hodson, “Peaceful Parenting,” The Greater Good 4:3 (Winter 2007-2008).
http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/greatergood/2007winter/HartHodson.html
.
Sura Hart and Victoria Kindle Hodson, “Peaceful Parenting,” The Greater Good 4:3 (Winter 2007-2008).
http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/greatergood/2007winter/HartHodson.html
.
15
Richard S. Lazarus, “Author's Response: The Lazarus Manifesto for Positive Psychology,”
Psychological Inquiry
14:2 (2003), 176.
Richard S. Lazarus, “Author's Response: The Lazarus Manifesto for Positive Psychology,”
Psychological Inquiry
14:2 (2003), 176.
18
Frank M. Gyrna Jr.,
Quality Circles: A Team Approach to Problem Solving
(New York: American Management Associations, 1981); Neal Q. Herrick,
Joint Management and Employee Participation: Labor and Management at the Crossroads
(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990); Paul Bernstein,
Workplace Democratization: Its Internal Dynamics
(New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1976); Robert S. Ozaki.
Human Capitalism: The Japanese Enterprise System as World Model
(Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1991).
Frank M. Gyrna Jr.,
Quality Circles: A Team Approach to Problem Solving
(New York: American Management Associations, 1981); Neal Q. Herrick,
Joint Management and Employee Participation: Labor and Management at the Crossroads
(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990); Paul Bernstein,
Workplace Democratization: Its Internal Dynamics
(New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1976); Robert S. Ozaki.
Human Capitalism: The Japanese Enterprise System as World Model
(Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1991).
19
Roberto González, “Brave New Workplace: Cooperation, Control, and the New Industrial Relations,”
Controlling Processes: Selected Essays, 1994-2005
. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 92/93 (2005), 113.
Roberto González, “Brave New Workplace: Cooperation, Control, and the New Industrial Relations,”
Controlling Processes: Selected Essays, 1994-2005
. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 92/93 (2005), 113.
22
Ibid.
Ibid.
23
Satoshi Kamata,
Japan in the Passing Lane: An Insider's Account of Life in a Japanese Auto Factory
, Tatsuru Akimoto, ed. and trans. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), 71.
Satoshi Kamata,
Japan in the Passing Lane: An Insider's Account of Life in a Japanese Auto Factory
, Tatsuru Akimoto, ed. and trans. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), 71.
24
Ibid., 24, 30.
Ibid., 24, 30.
25
Ibid., 109-110.
Ibid., 109-110.
26
González, “Brave New Workplace,” 109.
González, “Brave New Workplace,” 109.
28
Ibid., 290.
Ibid., 290.
29
Ibid., 259-260.
Ibid., 259-260.
30
González, “Brave New Workplace,” 111.
González, “Brave New Workplace,” 111.
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