European Diary, 1977-1981 (103 page)

³⁷
Marietta Tree was married to Ronald Tree (pre-1945 MP and Churchill's host at Ditchley Park during the wartime weekends of the full moon) until his death in 1976. She had been a United States representative to the United Nations 1961–6.

³⁸
Professor John Mackintosh, 1929–78, was Labour MP for Berwick and East Lothian from 1966.

³⁹
Edward Short, b. 1912, cr. Lord Glenamara 1977, having been Lord President and leader of the House of Commons 1974–6. He had succeeded me as deputy leader of the Labour Party in 1972.

⁴⁰
René Lévesque, 1922–87, was a television reporter who became the militantly francophone and semi-separatist Premier of Québec Province 1976–85.

⁴¹
In fact he postponed it to the autumn and lost it.

⁴²
Donald Jamieson, 1921–86, was Minister for External Affairs 1976–9, and Canadian High Commissioner in London 1983–5.

⁴³
(Sir) Brian Urquhart, b. 1919, was a member of the secretariat of the United Nations from 1946 to 1986, an Under-Secretary-General for the last twelve of these years.

⁴⁴
John Palmer, b. 1938, was
Guardian
correspondent in Brussels throughout my years there and has now returned to this post.

⁴⁵
Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo y Bustelo, b. 1926, was Spanish Minister for EEC Relations 1978–80, deputy Prime Minister 1980–1 and Prime Minister 1981–2. Now an MEP.

⁴⁶
A word which, with no great respect for the literal Italian meaning, had become Commission jargon for looking at the overall problems of the admission of Greece, Portugal and Spain as opposed to the bilateral ones with each of them.

⁴⁷
Otto Graf Lambsdorff, b. 1926, was German Minister of Economics 1977–84, when he resigned following allegations about business contributions to his party funds.

⁴⁸
Robert Boulin, 1920–79, was French Minister-Delegate for Finance (so called because Barre, the Prime Minister, was really in charge of the department) 1977–8, then Minister of Labour until October 1979 when he committed suicide.

⁴⁹
Christoph van der Klaauw, b. 1924, a professional diplomat, was Dutch Foreign Minister 1977–81, Ambassador to Belgium 1981–6, and to Portugal since 1986.

⁵⁰
Peter Jenkins, b. 1934, has been a political columnist on many newspapers and is married to Polly Toynbee.

⁵¹
Callaghan had put a paper to Carter suggesting that the summer Summit in Bonn should concentrate on the five issues of: commitment to growth, maintenance of world trade, currency stability in the long term, use of capital surpluses and the conservation of energy. There was an element of being against sin about it.

⁵²
I.e. an outline without at this stage much substance.

⁵³
A committee under the chairmanship of Sir Harold Wilson had been appointed in January 1977 by his successor to inquire into the functioning at home and abroad of the financial institutions of the United Kingdom. It finally reported, without great excitement or import, in May 1980.

⁵⁴
Or
August 1914,
as it is called in the English edition.

⁵⁵
(Sir) Kenneth Couzens, b. 1925, was a Second Permanent Secretary (Overseas Finance) at the Treasury 1977–82, and Permanent Under-Secretary, Department of Energy, 1982–5.

⁵⁶
Harold Lever, b. 1914, cr. Lord Lever of Manchester 1979, had been my Financial Secretary at the Treasury 1967–9, before entering the Cabinet as Paymaster-General. He also served in this office (and the Cabinet) 1974–9.

⁵⁷
David Ginsburg, b. 1921, Labour and later SDP MP for Dewsbury 1959–83; a friend since Oxford days.

⁵⁸
Robert Maclennan, b. 1936, Labour and then SDP MP for Caithness and Sutherland since 1966, in 1978 a junior minister, leader of the SDP 1987–8.

⁵⁹
Maurice Peston, b. 1931, cr. Lord Peston 1987, has been Professor of Economics at Queen Mary College, London, since 1965.

⁶⁰
Basil de Ferranti, 1930–88, was Chairman of the Economic and Social Committee (of the Community) 1976–8, and a (Conservative) MEP 1979–88.

⁶¹
Emmanuel (Bobbie) de Margerie, b. 1924, French Ambassador to Spain 1977–81, became Ambassador in London 1981–4, before being transferred to Washington.

⁶²
Michel Debré, b. 1912, had been the first Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic 1959–62, and was subsequently Minister of Finance and then of Foreign Affairs 1966–9. His father, Professor Robert Debré, was a leader of French medicine.

⁶³
(Sir) Michael Howard, b. 1922, was then Chichele Professor of the History of War and has been Regius Professor of Modern History 1981–9.

⁶⁴
Sir William Hayter, b. 1906, was British Ambassador in Moscow 1953–7, and Warden of New College, Oxford, 1958–76.

⁶⁵
Irwin Ross, b. 1919, is a New York journalist/author, whom I have known since 1953.

⁶⁶
Then quite radical, and with more political content than today.

⁶⁷
(Sir) Larry Lamb, b. 1929, was editor of the
Sun
1975–81, and of the
Daily Express
1983–6.

⁶⁸
(Sir) Neil Marten, 1916–86, was the anti-Common Market Conservative MP for Banbury 1959–83.

⁶⁹
Aldo Moro, 1916–78, had been Prime Minister of Italy 1963–8 and 1974–6, and was at that time President of the Christian Democratic Party.

⁷⁰
I think his last; he died twelve weeks later.

⁷¹
Francesco Cossiga, b. 1928, was Italian Minister of the Interior 1976–8, Prime Minister 1979–80, President of the Senate 1983–5, and has been President of the Italian Republic since 1985.

⁷²
On 11 May 4000 Zaïre rebels with alleged support from Russia, Cuba, Libya and Algeria had invaded Zaïre from Angola and captured the town and airport of Kolwezi. On 17 May the French decided to send in paratroops to restore the situation, and presented the Belgians, who believed they had special responsibility for the old Belgian Congo, with a
fait accompli.
Eventually, on 19 May, Belgian troops arrived too.

⁷³
The 2nd Lord Kennet, b. 1923, has been a Labour and then an SDP peer.

⁷⁴
Bülent Ecevit, b. 1925, was intermittently Prime Minister 1974–9, and intermittently imprisoned, following the military coup, 1980–2.

⁷⁵
Françoise Giroud, b. 1916, was a State Secretary in the Giscard Government from 1974–6, first for Women's Affairs and then for Culture.

⁷⁶
Morarji Desai, b. 1896, had been deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance 1967–9, was imprisoned by Mrs Gandhi from 1975 until 1977, and then became Prime Minister 1977–9.

⁷⁷
Cf. Helmut Schmidt, entry for 7 April 1978.

⁷⁸
David Ormsby Gore, 1918–85, succeeded as the 5th Lord Harlech in 1964. He was British Ambassador in Washington 1961–5. He married Pamela Colin as his second wife in 1969. (Sissie, killed in a car accident in 1967, was his first wife.)

⁷⁹
Lord Franks, OM, b. 1905, Ambassador to Washington 1948–57, Provost of Worcester College 1962–76.

⁸⁰
Sir Roger Makins, b. 1904, cr. Lord Sherfield 1964, was Ambassador to Washington 1953–6, and then Permanent Secretary to the Treasury 1956–9; Chancellor of Reading University since 1970.

⁸¹
Douglass Cater, b. 1923, American academic and writer, was vice-chairman of the (London)
Observer
1976–81.

⁸²
Mark Heathcoat Amory, b. 1941, subsequently edited the letters of Evelyn Waugh as well as those of Ann Fleming herself. He is now literary editor of the
Spectator.

⁸³
Not to impose restrictions on imports from Third World countries.

⁸⁴
Tam Dalyell, b. 1932. Labour MP since 1962. Member of the European Parliament 1975–9.

⁸⁵
Gundelach, I had been told by some kind friend, had been making disobliging remarks about me in London. But see also the entry for 10 December 1979.

⁸⁶
Andreas Whittam Smith, b. 1937, became the founder editor of the
Independent
in 1986.

⁸⁷
Gräfin von Hardenberg was the Commission's deputy Chief of Protocol.

⁸⁸
Bettino Craxi, b. 1934, had become General Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party in 1976. Prime Minister of Italy 1983–7.

⁸⁹
Brian Talboys, b. 1921, was Foreign Minister and Minister for Overseas Trade as well as deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand 1975–81.

⁹⁰
Charles Douglas-Home, 1937–85, was then foreign editor of
The Times.
He became editor in 1982. He was married to Jessica Gwynne.

⁹¹
George Weidenfeld, b. 1919, cr. Lord Weidenfeld 1976, London and (now) New York publisher.

⁹²
Sir Claus Moser, b. 1922, Professor of Social Statistics at LSE 1961–70, and head of the Government Statistical Service 1967–78, was Chairman of the Royal Opera House 1974–87. Warden of Wadham College, Oxford, since 1984.

¹
Horst Schulmann was a senior official in Schmidt's Chancellery; Bernard Clappier was the Governor of the Bank of France. They were both Summit ‘sherpas'. Their paper was a semi-secret Franco-German statement of methods and objectives for the Bremen European Council.

²
For 1979 and 1980. A Commissioner is nominated for four years, but a President only for two, although he is normally then reappointed.

³
Appropriate in view of the almost continuous tropical downpours with which the Bremen climate welcomed this European Council.

⁴
(Sir) Thomas McCaffrey, b. 1922, became chief information officer of the Home Office under me in 1966, was inherited by James Callaghan and subsequently served him as his principal press officer throughout his public career.

⁵
Tom McNally, b. 1943, was political adviser to the Prime Minister 1976–9, and subsequently first Labour and then SDP MP for Stockport 1979–83.

⁶
Sir Geoffrey Howe, b. 1926, was then shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, became the real Chancellor 1979–83, and has been Foreign Secretary since 1983.

⁷
Our Home Office relations had not been altogether smooth in 1965–6.

⁸
Ralf Dahrendorf, b. 1929, had been a German-appointed member of the European Commission 1970–4, before becoming Director of the London School of Economics 1974–84, and Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, in 1987.

⁹
Robert Triffin, b. 1911, is a Belgian-born economist who had been Master of Berkeley College, Yale, and achieved world fame as an international monetary specialist. Having returned to live in Brussels, he was of great assistance to us in the run-up to the EMS.

¹⁰
R. A. Butler, 1902–82, cr. Lord Butler 1965, KG, holder between 1941 and 1965 of almost every Cabinet office except that of Prime Minister. Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1965–78. Chancellor of the Universities of Sheffield and Essex.

¹¹
It persisted for three and a half weeks.

¹²
(Sir) Robin Day, b. 1923, was already a political television interviewer and presenter of note, although not quite so pre-eminent as today.

¹³
The purpose of such meetings was to decide which Commissioner handled which item and to determine some consistency of line.

¹⁴
Under Article 85 of the Treaty of Rome a derogation to the ban on market-sharing agreements could be temporarily permitted to ease problems of overproduction. A request for such a derogation was first made by the synthetic fibres industry. Consideration of the validity of the request occupied much of the time of the various Community institutions in the second half of 1978.

¹⁵
Sir Michael Stewart, b. 1911, Minister in Washington 1964–7, was Ambassador to Greece 1967–71, before becoming Director of the Ditchley Foundation 1971–6.

¹⁶
Dick Taverne, QC, b. 1928, was Labour and then Democratic Labour MP for Lincoln 1962–74. He served with me at the Home Office and the Treasury 1966–70, and was the forerunner of the SDP.

¹⁷
Gwynfor Evans, b. 1912, was Welsh Nationalist MP for Carmarthen 1966–70 and 1974–9.

¹⁸
Jacques Chaban Delmas, b. 1915, Mayor of Bordeaux since 1947. President of National Assembly 1958–69, 1978–81, 1986–8. Prime Minister of France 1969–72. Candidate for the presidency 1974.