European Diary, 1977-1981 (101 page)

¹²⁵
Mark (Lord cr. 1986) Bonham Carter, b. 1922, has been a friend for forty-five years and my publisher (on and off) for thirty years. His wife, Leslie (daughter of Condé Nast who founded
Vogue),
is the mother (by a previous marriage) of Laura Grenfell (now Phillips) who came to Brussels in my
cabinet.

¹²⁶
As Keynes had done thirty-one years before on the last evening of his life; he walked down, which we did not.

¹²⁷
Noël (Lord cr. 1965) Annan, b. 1916, Provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1956–66, and of University College London 1966–78, Vice-Chancellor of University of London 1978–81. Married to Gabriele Annan, book reviewer of note.

¹²⁸
Special Action was jargon for a crash programme to help peculiarly low-income countries with identifiable development needs.

¹²⁹
Karl Carstens, b. 1914, was then President of the Bundestag and became President of the Federal Republic 1979–84.

¹³⁰
Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM, b. 1909, the
doyen
of Oxford intellectual and social life.

¹³¹
Lord Briggs, b. 1921, Provost of Worcester College, Oxford, since 1976, was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sussex 1967–76.

¹³²
Lord Goodman, b. 1913, a solicitor of unusual influence, was Chairman of the Arts Council 1965–72, and Master of University College, Oxford, 1976–86.

¹³³
Ann Fleming, 1913–81, was married to the 3rd Lord O'Neill 1932–44 (when he was killed in action), the 2nd Viscount Rothermere 1945–52 (when they were divorced), and Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond, 1952–64 (when he died). She was a great friend and fairly close country neighbour in the years of these diaries.

¹³⁴
Lord Hartwell (formerly Michael Berry), b. 1911, was for many years principal proprietor and editor-in-chief of the
Daily
and
Sunday Telegraph.
His wife was a daughter of F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead.

¹³⁵
Mrs John Barry Ryan, anglophile New Yorker, is the daughter of financier Otto Kahn and the mother of the Countess of Airlie.

¹³⁶
Anthony Lewis, b. 1927, chief London correspondent of the
New York Times
1965–72, subsequently a Boston-based columnist.

¹³⁷
The countries adhering to the pre-EMS ‘Snake' or D-mark bloc were Benelux, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and, obviously, Germany. Italy had been a member but had left in 1973. France had twice been a member but had last left in 1976.

¹³⁸
Arthur Goodhart, 1891–1978, was an American citizen who had mostly lived in England since 1919 and was Master of University College, Oxford, 1951–63.

¹³⁹
Sir Ian Gilmour, b. 1926, a Conservative MP from 1962, a minister throughout the Heath Government ending as Secretary of State for Defence, became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (with much European responsibility) 1979–81. He and his wife, (Lady) Caroline Gilmour, appear in a variety of places throughout the diary.

¹⁴⁰
William (Lord cr. 1988) Rees-Mogg, b. 1928, was editor of
The Times
1967–81, and has subsequently been Vice-Chairman of the BBC and Chairman of the Arts Council.

¹⁴¹
Lord Blake, b. 1916, historian and biographer, was Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1968–87. He was to be one of my rivals for the Chancellorship of Oxford.

¹⁴²
Peter, 6th Lord Carrington KG, b. 1919, succ. 1938, had been Defence Secretary 1970–4 and was to be Foreign Secretary 1979–82, and Secretary-General of NATO 1984–8. In the summer of 1976 I tried to get him to come to Brussels as the second British Commissioner and was surprisingly close to succeeding.

¹⁴³
Malcolm Fraser, b. 1930, succeeded Gough Whitlam as Prime Minister of Australia in 1975 and held the office until 1983.

¹⁴⁴
Andrew Peacock, b. 1939, was Australian Foreign Minister 1975–80 and leader of the Liberal Party 1980–5.

¹⁴⁵
John Prescott, b. 1938, has been Labour MP for Kingston-upon-Hullsince 1970, leader of the British Labour Group in the European Parliament 1976–9.

¹⁴⁶
Jim Cattermole, b. 1910, had been my agent when I was adopted as candidate for Solihull in 1945. Subsequently a Labour Party regional organizer and then the organizational linchpin of all pro-European activity within the Labour Party.

¹⁴⁷
We did.

¹⁴⁸
Sir Seretse Khama, 1921–80, was an hereditary tribal ruler who became the first President of the newly independent Botswana in 1966. His 1948 marriage to Ruth Williams of Croydon plunged him into racial controversy and made him a temporary hero of the left in Britain.

¹⁴⁹
Alexander Haig, b. 1924, was Chief of the White House Staff 1973–4, Supreme Allied Commander Europe 1974–9, and US Secretary of State 1981–2.

¹⁵⁰
Lord Plowden, b. 1907, had been Chief Planner at the Treasury under Cripps, Gaitskell and Butler, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Authority 1954–9, and Chairman of Tube Investments Ltd 1963–76.

¹⁵¹
Professor Dr Karl Schiller, b. 1911, had been Minister of Economics in the Federal German Government 1966–72.

¹⁵²
Guido Carli, b. 1914, had been Governor of the Bank of Italy 1961–76.

¹⁵³
Morgan Philips Price, 1885–1973, was a fox-hunting squire who, after being
Manchester Guardian
and
Daily Herald
correspondent in Russia and later Berlin 1914–23, became a Labour MP 1929–31 and 1935–59.

¹⁵⁴
Josef Van der Meulen, 1914–84, was Belgian Permanent Representative to the European Community 1959–79.

¹⁵⁵
This was the proposal which I had tentatively outlined to Schmidt on 18 March (see
page 68
supra)
and which we eventually achieved under the name of ‘the Ortoli facility' (he administered the loans).

¹⁵⁶
Anthony Wedgwood Benn, b. 1925, the foremost advocate of the 1975 referendum ‘to settle the issue', was then mounting a campaign to ignore that decision and bring Britain out of Europe.

¹⁵⁷
Sir Roy Denman, b. 1924, had previously been a Second Permanent Secretary in the British Cabinet Office. Head of the Commission delegation in Washington since 1982.

¹⁵⁸
In 1947 Scelba was Italian Minister for the Interior and played a notable role in narrowly averting a Communist takeover following a collapse into strike-induced chaos.

¹⁵⁹
Joe (cr. Lord 1982) Gormley, b. 1917, President of the National Union of Mineworkers 1971–82.

¹⁶⁰
Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, b. 1926, now Chairman of English Heritage.

¹⁶¹
George Howard, 1920–84, was a Balliol contemporary, lord of Castle Howard and later Chairman of the BBC.

¹⁶²
Lord O'Hagan, b. 1945. He became a Conservative Member of the European Parliament in 1979.

¹⁶³
Article 131 was the provision in the accession arrangements for Britain, Denmark and Ireland allowing a strictly limited adjustment if the budgetary burden upon one country became manifestly excessive.

¹⁶⁴
John Davies, 1916–79. Having been Director-General of the CBI 1965–9, he was a minister throughout the Heath Government and shadow foreign affairs spokesman 1976–8. Mrs Thatcher tried to nominate him as the second British Commissioner in 1976, but I successfully preferred Christopher Tugendhat.

¹⁶⁵
Sir Michael Palliser, b. 1922, was Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office 1975–82.

¹⁶⁶
Geoffrey Rippon, b. 1924, cr. Lord Rippon 1987. Edward Heath's chief negotiator for Britain's entry to Europe, 1970–2. Secretary of State for the Environment 1972–4. Leader of the Conservative Group in the European Parliament 1977–9.

¹⁶⁷
Sir Peter Ramsbotham, b. 1919, was Ambassador to Teheran 1971–4, and to Washington 1974–7. Subsequently Governor of Bermuda.

¹⁶⁸
Edmund Dell, b. 1921, Labour MP for Birkenhead 1964–79, was Secretary of State for Trade 1976–8, when he left the Government and became Chairman of Guinness Peat and subsequently of Channel Four TV.

¹⁶⁹
Sir Leo Pliatzky, b. 1919, was an Oxford contemporary who was a Treasury official 1950–77, and Permanent Secretary, Department of Trade, 1977–9.

¹⁷⁰
Frances Morrell, b. 1937, became Chairman of the Inner London Education Authority 1983–7.

¹⁷¹
Marcelino Oreja Aguirre, b. 1935, was Spanish Foreign Minister 1976–80, and has been Secretary-General of the Council of Europe at Strasbourg since 1984.

¹⁷²
Jo Grimond, b. 1913, cr. Lord Grimond 1983, leader of the Liberal Party 1956–67.

¹⁷³
David Carritt, 1927–81. Highly talented in the attribution of Renaissance paintings.

¹⁷⁴
11th Earl of Drogheda, b. 1910. Managing Director of the
Financial Times
1945–70, and Chairman of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, 1956–74.

¹⁷⁵
Diana Phipps, b. 1937, the daughter of a Bohemian family with land in Czechoslovakia (see her mother's book,
The Journey,
by Cecilia Sternberg, 1982), married the scion of a well-known New York family who died young, and was settled in England, mainly at Buscot Parsonage, during the period of this diary.

¹⁷⁶
So called because it normally met in the Albany apartment of Harry Walston, b. 1912, cr. Lord Walston 1961. It was composed of embryonic members of the SDP who were strongly pro-European and had supported me for the Labour Party leadership in 1976.

¹⁷⁷
John Harris, b. 1930, cr. Lord Harris of Greenwich 1974, Minister of State at the Home Office 1974–9, has been closely associated with me since 1965.

¹⁷⁸
Selwyn Lloyd, 1904–78, cr. Lord Selwyn-Lloyd 1976, Foreign Secretary at the time of Suez and until 1960, then Chancellor of the Exchequer 1960–2, and Speaker of the House of Commons 1971–6.

¹⁷⁹
Ian Wrigglesworth, b. 1939, a Teesside MP, first Labour and then SDP, 1974–87. Now President of the Social and Liberal Democrats.

¹⁸⁰
Giscard suddenly decided that he wanted the job for his ineffective ex-Foreign Minister, Jean Sauvagnargues.

¹⁸¹
Christopher Soames, 1920–87, cr. Lord Soames 1978, had been Ambassador to Paris 1968–72, and a Vice-President of the European Commission 1973–7. He was married to Mary Churchill.

¹⁸²
Robert Marjolin, 1911–86. Secretary-General of OEEC 1948–55, and a Vice-President of the European Commission 1958–67.

¹⁸³
Georges Marchais, b. 1920, has been Secretary-General of the French Communist Party since 1972.

¹⁸⁴
Lady Lee of Asheridge since 1970, widow of Aneurin Bevan, Labour MP 1929–31 and 1945–70. Minister of the Arts (under various titles) 1964–70.

¹⁸⁵
I.e. that we should not press for a representative of the country holding the presidency of the Community (then Belgium) to accompany Crispin Tickell to meetings of Summit ‘sherpas'.

¹⁸⁶
No longer so. One result of the British decision to stay out of full EMS participation has been to cut the special monetary links between Dublin and London.

¹⁸⁷
The French wanted to take a very hard line against the Third World cane sugar producers in order to protect the beet sugar farmers of Picardy and Champagne.

¹⁸⁸
Victor (3rd Lord) Rothschild, b. 1910, had, amongst other notable accomplishments, set up the Central Policy Review Staff (‘Think Tank') in the Cabinet Office, 1971–4.

¹⁸⁹
John Howard, b. 1939, in 1985 replaced Andrew Peacock, who had replaced Malcolm Fraser, as leader of the Opposition in Australia.

¹⁹⁰
Sir Douglas Allen, b. 1917, cr. Lord Croham 1978, was Permanent Secretary of the Treasury when I was Chancellor.

¹⁹¹
Joel Barnett, b. 1923, cr. Lord Barnett 1983, was Chief Secretary of the Treasury 1974–9, and is now deputy Chairman of the BBC.

¹⁹²
Sir John Hunt, b. 1919, then Secretary of the Cabinet, is now Lord Hunt of Tanworth, and Chairman of the Prudential Assurance Company.

¹⁹³
Helmut Sigrist, b. 1919, German Permanent Representative to the European Community 1977–9, Ambassador to Greece 1979–84.

¹⁹⁴
In 1976 Prince Bernhard had been touched by a Lockheed bribery scandal relating to the sale of military aircraft. Vredeling, who was then Dutch Minister of Defence, presided over the subsequent surrender by the Prince of his military rank, and hence his uniforms.