EVILICIOUS: Cruelty = Desire + Denial (28 page)

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Sofsky, W. (1993).
The Order of Terror.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p.228

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Mayr, E. (1982).
The Growth of Biological Thought: diversity, evolution, and inheritance.
Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, p.g., 46.

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The genetics of autism: Cohen, I. L., Liu, X., Lewis, M. E. S., Chudley, A., Forster-Gibson, C., Gonzalez, M., Jenkins, E. C. (2011). Autism severity is associated with child and maternal MAOA genotypes.
Clinical Genetics 79
(4), 355–362.

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Pulling apart nature and nurture: Alia-Klein, N., Goldstein, R., Kriplani, A., & Logan, J. (2008). Brain Monoamine Oxidase A activity predicts trait aggression.
Journal of Neuroscience, 28
(19), 5099-5104; Beaver, K.M, DeLisi, M., Vaughn, M.G., & Barnes, J. C. (2010). Monoamine oxidase A genotype is associated with gang membership and weapon use.
Comparative Psychiatry, 51
(2), 130-134; Bukholtz, J.W, & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2008). MAOA and the neurogenetic architecture of human aggression.
Trends in Neurosciences, 31
(3), 120-129; Derringer, J., Krueger, R.F., Irons, D.E., & Iacono, W.G. (2010). Harsh discipline, childhood sexual assault, and MAOA genotype: an investigation of main and interactive effects on diverse clinical externalizing outcomes.
Behavioral Genetics, 40
(5), 639-648; Enoch, M-A., Steer, C.D, Newman, T.K., Gibson, N., & Goldman, D. (2010). Early life stress, MAOA, and gene-environment interactions predict behavioral disinhibition in children.
Genes Brain & Behavior, 9
(1), 65-74; Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J., Miller, A. L., & Kennedy, M. A. (2011). MAOA, abuse exposure and antisocial behaviour: 30-year longitudinal study
The British Journal of Psychiatry
,
198
(6), 457–463; Gibbons A. (2004) American Association of Physical Anthropologists meeting. Tracking the evolutionary history of a “warrior” gene.
Science
304:818; Lea, R., & Chambers, G. (2007). Monoamine oxidase, addiction, and the “warrior” gene hypothesis.
Journal of New Zealand Medical Association, 120
(1250), 1-5; Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Buckholtz, J.W., Kolachana, B., Hariri, A., Pezawas, L., Blasi, G., Weinberger, D.R. (2006). Neural mechanisms of genetic risk for impulsivity and violence in humans.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 103
(16), 6269-6274; Sebastian, C.L., Roiser, J.P., Tan, G.C.Y., Viding, E., Wood, N.W., & Blakemore, S-J. (2010). Effects of age and MAOA genotype on the neural processing of social rejection.
Genes Brain & Behavior, 9
(6), 628-637; Williams, L.M, Gatt, J.M, Kuan, S.A., Dobson-Stone, C. Palmer, D.M., Paul, R.H., Gordon, E. (2009). A polymorphism of the MAOA gene is associated with emotional brain markers and personality traits on an antisocial index.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 34
(7), 1797-1809.

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Banality, situationism and authority: Zimbardo, P.G. (2004). A situationist perspective on the psychology of evil: Understanding how good people are transformed into perpetrators.
In: The Social Psychology of Good and Evil,
A. Miller (ed), NY: Guilford Press, pp. 1-23; Haslam, S.A., & Reicher, S. (2007). Beyond the banality of evil: three dynamics of an interactionist social psychology of tyranny.
Personality Social Psychological Bulletin, 33
(5), 615-622; Haslam, S.A. & Reicher, S. (2012). Contesting the “nature” of conformity: what Milgram and Zimbardo’s studies really show.
PLOS Biology
10(11): 1-4; Russell, N. (2010). Milgram’s obedience to authority experiments: Origins and early evolution.
British Journal of Social Psychology
50: 140-162
;
Sabini, J., & Silver, M. (2007). Dispositional vs. situational interpretations of Milgram’s obedience experiments: The fundamental attributional error.
Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 13
(2), 147-154.

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The science of self-control: Baumeister, R.F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior.
Journal of Consumer Research, 28
(4), 670-676; Baumeister, R.F., & Alquist, J. (2009). Is there a downside to good self-control?
Self & Identity, 8
(2), 115-130. Baumeister, R.F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior.
Journal of Consumer Research, 28
, 670-676; DeLisi, M., & Vaughn, M. G. (2007). The Gottfredson-Hirschi critiques revisited: reconciling self-control theory, criminal careers, and career criminals.
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
,
52
(5), 520–537; DeWall, C., Baumeister, R., & Stillman, T. (2007). Violence restrained: Effects of self-regulation and its depletion on aggression.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
43: 62-76; Gailliot, M. T, & Baumeister, R. F. (2007). The physiology of willpower: Linking blood glucose to self-control.
Personality and Social Psychology Review 11
(4), 303-327; Muraven, M, Tice, D.M, & Baumeister, R.F. (1998). Self-control as limited resource: Regulatory depletion patterns.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74
(3), 774-789; Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R.F., Schmeichel, B.J., Twenge, J.M., Nelson, N.M., & Tice, D.M.. (2008). Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: a limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94
(5), 883-898; Dewall, C.N., Deckman, T., Gailliot, M.T., & Bushman, B.J. (2011). Sweetened blood cools hot tempers: physiological self-control and aggression.
Aggressive Behavior
, 37, 73-80.

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see especially Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2013). The sweet taste of success: The presence of glucose in the oral cavity moderates the depletion of self-control resources.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
39(1): 28-42.

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The science of risk: Fairchild G., Passamonti L., Hurford G., Hagan C.C., von dem Hagen E.A.H., van Goozen S.H.M., Goodyer I.M., Calder A.J (2011). Brain structure abnormalities in early-onset and adolescent-onset conduct disorder.
American Journal of Psychiatry
168:624–633; Gao, Y., Baker, L. A., Raine, A., Wu, H., & Bezdjian, S. (2009). Brief Report: Interaction between social class and risky decision-making in children with psychopathic tendencies.
Journal of Adolescence
,
32
(2), 409–414; Gao, Y., Raine, Adrian, Venables, P. H., Dawson, M. E., & Mednick, S. A. (2010). Association of poor childhood fear conditioning and adult crime
. American Journal of Psychiatry
,
167
(1), 56–60; Glenn, A. L., Raine, A., Venables, P. H., & Mednick, S. A. (2007). Early temperamental and psychophysiological precursors of adult psychopathic personality.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
,
116
(3), 508–518; Isen, J., Raine, A., Baker, L., Dawson, M., Bezdjian, S., & Lozano, D. I. (2010). Sex-specific association between psychopathic traits and electrodermal reactivity in children.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
,
119
(1), 216–225; Raine, A, Venables, P., Dalais, C., Mellingen, K., Reynolds, C., & Mednick, S. (2001). Early educational and health enrichment at age 3–5 years is associated with increased autonomic and central nervous system arousal and orienting at age 11 years: Evidence from the Mauritius Child Health Project.
Psychophysiology
,
38
, 254–266.

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Empathy, morality and violence: Beitchman, J., Zai, C., Muir, K., Berall, L., Nowrouzi, B., Choi, E. & Kennedy, J. (2012). Childhood aggression, callous-unemotional traits and oxytocin genes.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
21: 125-132; Gini, G., Albier, P., Benelli, B., & Altoe, G. (2007). Does empathy predict adolescents’ bullying and defending behavior?
Aggressive Behavior
,
33
, 467–476; Gini, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2009). Association between bullying and psychosomatic problems: A Meta-analysis.
Pediatrics
,
123
(3), 1059–1065; Muñoz, L. C., Qualter, P., & Padgett, G. (2011). Empathy and bullying: exploring the influence of callous-unemotional traits.
Journal of Child Psychiatry and Human Development
. 42:183-196; Obermann, M.-L. (2011). Moral disengagement in self-reported and peer-nominated school bullying.
Aggressive Behavior
,
37
(2), 133–144; Pozzoli, T., Gini, G., & Vieno, A. (2012). Individual and class moral disengagement in bullying among elementary school children.
Aggressive Behavior
, 38(5): 378-388; Sugden, K., Arseneault, L., Harrington, H. L., Moffitt, T. E., Williams, B., & Caspi, A. (2010). Serotonin transporter gene moderates the development of emotional problems among children following bullying victimization.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
, 49: 830-840; Viding, E., Blair, R.J.R., Moffitt, T.E., & Plomin, R. (2005) Strong genetic risk for psychopathic syndrome in children.
J Child Psychology and Psychiatry
46:592–597; Viding, E., Simmonds, E., Petrides, K., & Frederickson, N. (2009). The contribution of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems to bullying in early adolescence.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
,
50
(4), 471–481.

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Human Rights Watch Report
, 2010, “The Trail of Death.”