First Salute (58 page)

38
TORNQUIST DESCRIBES WILLIAMSBURG COUNTRY AS “VERY FERTILE”:
Tornquist, 75.

39
TORNQUIST ON MURDERED PREGNANT WOMAN:
ibid., 57.

40
“GODLESS BEHAVIOUR OF THEIR ENEMIES”:
ibid., 58.

41
UNBORN BABY HUNG FROM A TREE:
Anonymous, 78.

42
WASHINGTON GOES TO MEET DE GRASSE:
Tornquist, 64; Lewis, C. L., 172-5; Freeman, V, 334-6.

43
MON CHER PETIT GŃŃRAL:
q. Stone, 410, from George Washington Parke Custis,
Recollections
.

44
INTERVIEW WITH DE GRASSE:
Scott,
Corres
., 36-41.

45
FORDING THE SUSQUEHANNA:
Von Closen, 125.

46
MR. WALKER REFUSING PAYMENT:
ibid., 128.

47
“FIRE SHIPS”:
James, B., 116-17; Tornquist, 64-6.

48
“ALARMED AND DISQUIETED … THE NAVY”:
von Closen, 133.

49
DE GRASSE DECISION TO LEAVE:
Doniol, V, 544; Scott,
Corres
., 45-7; von Closen, 134; Freeman, V, 340.

50
WASHINGTON’S LETTER OF “PAINFUL ANXIETY”:
Scott,
Corres
., 48-50; Fitzpatrick,
Writings
, XXIII, 136-9.

51
DE GRASSE’S FLAG CAPTAINS “DID NOT APPEAR TO FULFILL THE AIMS WE HAD IN VIEW”:
Scott,
Corres
., 51-2; q. Freeman, V, 343.

52
DE GRASSE AGREES TO REMAIN:
von Closen, 136, and 136 n. 9; Scott,
Corres
., 51, 53.

53
SMITH, “A WEEK WILL DECIDE”:
Smith’s diary of August 31, q. Fleming, 214.

54
GRAVES’S TERRIBLE WORDS, “THE ENEMY HAVE SO GREAT A NAVAL FORCE”:
to Clinton, September 9, 1781, q. Willcox,
AHR
, 28.

55
WILLIAM SMITH, STAFF OFFICERS “SERVILE”:
q. Fleming, 218.

56
GENERAL ROBERTSON CLAIMED INACTION COULD “BRING DOWN THE WHOLE CAUSE IN AMERICA”:
Willcox,
AHR
, 28.

57
CLINTON ASKS COUNCIL OF SEPTEMBER 14 WHETHER RELIEF SHOULD BE HAZARDED:
Fleming, 219; partial minutes in Clinton, 569-70.

58
CORNWALLIS, LETTER OF SEPTEMBER 16-17, “IF YOU CANNOT RELIEVE ME VERY SOON”:
Clinton Cornwallis Controversy
, II, 158.

59
FOR DELAYS AND POSTPONEMENTS IN NEW YORK AND DELIBERATIONS OF THE COUNCILS:
Willcox,
Portrait, 427-36
; Willcox,
AHR
, 28-31.

60
“OUR GENERALS AND ADMIRALS DON’T SEEM TO BE IN EARNEST”:
MacKenzie,
641. RAWDON, “INFATUATED WRETCHES”
: q. Miller, 164.

61
“DIGBY, DIGBY!”:
q. Willcox,
Portrait
, 432.

62
MACKENZIE, “SHOULD OUR FLEET BEAT THEIRS.”:
Diary
of September 24.

63
VISIT OF PRINCE WILLIAM:
Willcox,
Portrait
, 433; MacKenzie, 64.

64
RUMOR PRINCE WOULD TAKE OFFICE AS GOVERNOR:
Rochambeau,
Memoirs
, 67.

65
CORNWALLIS IN “DAILY EXPECTATION” OF RELIEF:
MacKenzie, 664, 671.

66
COUNCILS IN NEW YORK OF SEPTEMBER 23 AND 24 (IF THEY WENT IN HOW WOULD THEY GET OUT?):
Willcox,
Portrait
, 435.

67
SMITH TO TRYON, “EVERY HOUR IS PRECIOUS”:
ibid., 432.

68
MACKENZIE, “THREE DAYS TO GET OVER THE BAR”:
MacKenzie, 653.

69
SMITH, “IF THE ENEMY’S THIRST FOR PEACE”:
q. Fleming, 224.

70
MACKENZIE, “THEY MAY AS WELL STAY FOR TEN MONTHS”:
MacKenzie, 653-4.

71
CLINTON, BARRING AN “UNFORESEEN ACCIDENT”:
Clinton Cornwallis Controversy
, II, 172.

72
CLINTON PROPOSES DIVERSION AGAINST PHILADELPHIA:
According to Captain MacKenzie, “if the French bring a superior fleet to the coast, turning their utmost force against Cornwallis’s army … there will hardly be any possibility of relieving them unless by our gaining a victory at sea. If Washington passes the Delaware … the only action open to Britain would be a diversion in Lord Cornwallis’s favor by entering Jersey with a large corps and if possible by taking possession of Philadelphia”: MacKenzie, 611.

73
CORNWALLIS INFORMED CLINTON ON OCTOBER 11, “NOTHING BUT A DIRECT MOVE”:
Clinton, 581.

74
LT. JAMES, “THE DISTRESSING CRIES OF THE WOUNDED”:
James, B., 122.

75
LAUZUN-TARLETON CAVALRY CLASH:
Wickwire, 372-4.

76
ATTACK ON THE REDOUBTS:
James, B., 121-6; Gallatin, 41-4; Freeman, V, 369-71. A full account of the assault is in Deux-Ponts,
My Campaigns
, 142-9.

77
WASHINGTON EXHORTATION TO SOLDIERS:
q. Freeman, V, 369.

78
MCPHERSON SAID TO HAVE RETREATED:
Fleming, 289.

79
CORNWALLIS TO CLINTON, OCTOBER 15, 1781, “MY SITUATION NOW BECOMES VERY CRITICAL”:
Cornwallis,
Corres
., I, 125; q. Wickwire, 382.

80
CORNWALLIS NOTE OF SURRENDER:
q. Freeman, V, 377.

81
WASHINGTON’S REPLY, “AN ARDENT DESIRE”:
Fitzpatrick,
Writings
, XXIII, 236-7.

82
CORNWALLIS TO CLINTON, “I HAVE THE MORTIFICATION”:
October 20, 1781, Clinton, 583.

83
SURRENDER PARLEY:
Freeman, V, 379-85.

84
WASHINGTON ON CORNWALLIS, “PASSIVE BEYOND CONCEPTION”:
to Governor Thomas Sim Lee, October 11, 1781, Fitzpatrick,
Writings
, XXIII, 210.

85
WASHINGTON’S CREED:
Freeman, V, 106.

86
LAURENS, “THIS REMAINS AN ARTICLE”:
q. Fleming, 322.

87
SURRENDER SCENE:
Blanchard, 141; Stone, 472-4, from the Journals of James Thacher and John Conrad Doehla.

88
“THE WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN”:
cf. Freeman, V, 388, n. 47.

89
BRITISH “MUCH IN LIQUOR”:
q. Freeman, V, 390, from two eyewitness diarists, Major Ebenezer Denny and Lieutenant Williams Feltman.

90
BRITISH EXHIBITED “CONTEMPT FOR THE AMERICANS”:
Blanchard, 152.

91
LAFAYETTE ORDERED THE BAND TO PLAY “YANKEE DOODLE”:
Fleming, 328-9.

92
ADAMS, “THE GREATEST QUESTION”:
Smith,
John Adams
, 1, 270.

1
TILGHMAN BRINGS NEWS OF SURRENDER:
Stone, 487.

2
“GORNVALLIS IST GEDAKEN!”:
Johnston, 158.

3
WASHINGTON, “MELIORATING INFLUENCE ON ALL MANKIND”:
q. Smith,
People’s History
, III, 21-2.

4
LAFAYETTE CARRIED HOME SOIL FOR A GRAVE:
Woodward, 451.

5
ENGLISH-SPEAKING REGIMENT OF DE BOUILLÉ’S TROOPS:
Tornquist, 78.

6
BATTLE OF THE SAINTS:
all the Rodney biographies; also Lewis, C. L., 225-54; Whipple, 56-61; Mahan,
Influence
, 485-93; Anonymous, 126.

7
“ONLY BREAK THE LINE, SIR GEORGE!”:
MacIntyre, 232; Spinney, 398-9. The breaking of the line developed into a lengthy controversy in later years in which Douglas’ role was disputed; see Spinney, 427-9.

8
RODNEY IN ARMCHAIR ON DECK:
Jesse, II, 396; Wraxall, 307.

9
HOOD, “THE MOST MELANCHOLY NEWS”:
q. Freeman, V, 400n, from letters of Lord Hood, 39.

10
“OH, GOD, IT IS ALL OVER!”:
Wraxall, 264; Walpole,
Last Journals
, II, 474.

11
GEORGE III, “I WOULD RATHER LOSE MY CROWN”:
Morison,
AP
, 266; cf. Brooke, 188: “I would rather lose the Crown I now wear than bear the ignominy of possessing it under their shackles.”

12
WALPOLE, “OUR AFFAIRS ARE CERTAINLY DISMAL”:
to Mann, December 4, 1781,
Corres
., XXV, 213.

13
“COMMENCING A NEW DATE”:
to Mann, Walpole,
Corres
., XXV, 213.

14
SIR JAMES LOWTHER’S MOTION, DECEMBER 12, 1781:
q. Valentine,
North
, II, 281.

15
CONWAY’S MOTIONS, FEBRUARY 20, 27 AND MARCH 4:
ibid., 302-7.

16
GEORGE III, DRAFT OF ABDICATION:
Brooke, 221; Valentine,
North
, II, 310.

17
“ONE OF THE FULLEST AND MOST TENSE HOUSES”:
Valentine,
North
, II, 315.

18
NORTH RESIGNS MARCH 20, 1782:
ibid., 315-16.

19
ANDREW DORIA
AND OTHER SHIPS DESTROYED:
Morison,
Jones
, 100n.

20
WASHINGTON’S LAST CIRCULAR TO THE STATES:
Fitzpatrick,
Writings
, XXVI, 485 (in part).

About The Author

B
ARBARA
W. T
UCHMAN
achieved prominence as a historian with
The Zimmermann Telegram
and international fame with
The Guns of August
, a huge bestseller and winner of the Pulitzer Prize. There followed five more books:
The Proud Tower, Stilwell and the American Experience in China
(also awarded the Pulitzer Prize),
A Distant Mirror, Practicing History
, a collection of essays, and
The March of Folly. The First Salute
was Mrs. Tuchman’s last book before her death in February 1989.