First Women: The Grace and Power of America's Modern First Ladies (49 page)

     
San Marcos, University of, 291

     
Save America’s Treasures, 282

     
Sawyer, Diane, 201

     
SBAs (service by agreement) workers, 314

     
Scanlan, Bob, 55, 242

     
Scheib, Walter, 25

     
Schiavo, Michael, 131

     
Schiavo, Terri, 131

     
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 72, 84, 199, 248

     
Schultz, George, 237

     
Scouten, Rex, 267, 301, 303

     
Sears, 123, 148

     
“second” lady (wife of vice president), 270–71

     
Secret Service

         
and Amy Carter, 125, 127

         
on attendance at Sadat’s funeral, 260

         
and Ford families, 164–65, 300, 324

         
and George and Laura Bush, 164, 318

         
and Hillary Clinton, 47, 277

         
and Kennedy family, 67, 84, 111, 244

         
and Lady Bird Johnson, 79, 150, 152

         
and Nixon family, 115–16, 120, 121, 130, 175, 179, 210, 252, 291, 298, 309–10

         
and Obama family, 47, 49, 50, 310–11, 329

         
protection for candidate before and after party’s nomination, 310

         
protection for vice president and family, 270

         
and Reagans, 303, 304, 308, 331

         
and Romney family, 328

         
security lapses of, 311–12

         
Steve Ford’s advice to Chelsea on, 135

     
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 230

     
Senate Ladies Luncheons, 210, 251

     
Sequoia
(presidential yacht), 215, 223, 294

     
Shalala, Donna, 239

     
Shaw, Maud, 102, 103, 105

     
Sher, Susan, 169

     
Shikler, Aaron, 23, 62

     
Sidey, Hugh, 86, 205

     
Sidley & Austin, 49

     
Sidwell Friends School, 73, 263

     
Signal Corps, 66

     
Sinatra, Frank, 76

     
Smith, Allie, 219, 220

     
Smith, Helen, 182, 296

     
Smith, Michael, 170

     
Smith, Richard Norton, 324

     
Smith, Wilburn Edgar, 219

     
Smithsonian Institution, 199

     
smoking, 4, 317–18

     
Social Security, 239

     
Sorbonne, 194

     
Southern Methodist University, 164

     
Soviet Union, 44, 85, 92, 237

     
Spalding, Charles, 32, 86, 103, 107–8, 243

     
Spencer, Stuart, 237

     
Spring Garden Tour (2012), 56

     
Stahl, Lesley, 213

     
Starr, Kenneth, 36, 277

     
Starr Report, 34–35

     
State and Main
(film), 329

     
Steelcase (furniture company), 40

     
Steenburgen, Mary, 136

     
Steinem, Gloria, 184–85

     
stem-cell research, 268

     
Stevens, Joni, 36–37, 174–75, 180, 265

     
Stevenson, Adlai, 31

     
stimulus package, 54

     
Strategic Air Command, U.S., 88

     
Strauss, Robert, 235

     
Stuart, Connie, 7, 44, 61, 178–79, 182, 183–84, 207, 209, 295

     
Styron, William, 71

     
Sullivan, Marguerite, 270

     
Sullivan, Mark, 312

     
Supreme Court, U.S., 131, 188–89, 222

     
Talk
, 35, 241

     
Target, 50

     
Tate, Sheila, 8, 78, 271

     
Taylor, Elizabeth, 323

     
Tchen, Tina, 54, 169, 171

     
Tehran, U.S. Embassy in, 231

     
television

         
impact upon privacy of, 13

         
Jackie Kennedy’s tour of White House on, 12

     
Tempelsman, Maurice, 1, 320

     
Temple, Larry, 155

     
Terri’s Law, 131

     
Texas, University of, 147

     
Thaddeus Stevens Elementary School, 124

     
Thain, John, 170

     
Thatcher, Margaret, 331

     
Thomas, George, 198

     
Thomas, Helen, 63, 213

     
Thomases, Susan, 33, 34, 171, 240, 241

     
Thompson, Herman, 89

     
Tilson, Betty, 156

     
Time
, 86, 122, 180, 189, 204–5, 289

     
Times of My Life
,
The
(Betty Ford), 323

     
Today
, 31

     
Tolbert, William R., Jr., 177

     
Tour of the White House
,
A
, 197

     
“Travelgate,” 277

     
Travell, Janet, 88, 102

     
Truman, Bess, 11, 244, 322

     
Truman, Harry, 9

     
Trump, Donald, 23

     
Tuckerman, Nancy, 62–63

     
Turnure, Pamela, 108

     
Tuskegee University, 50

     
Twitter, 29

     
United Airlines Flight 93, 165

     
United Press International, 62

     
Updegrove, Mark, 276

     
U-2 spy plane, 85

     
Vance, Cyrus, 229

     
Vance, Gay, 229

     
Vanity Fair
, 79, 273

     
Vassar, 90, 194

     
Vatican, 43

     
Verdon, René, 194

     
Verveer, Melanne, 60–61, 72, 73, 80, 278, 316

     
Vietnam War, 113

         
escalation of, 116, 293

         
fall of Saigon in, 290

         
Kennedys and, 199

         
Nixon presidency and, 209

         
Pat Nixon’s trip to South Vietnam in, 210

         
protests against, 113, 115, 119, 287

     
View
,
The
, 48, 60

     
Vogue
, 53

     
Voice of America, 44

     
voodoo economics, 266

     
Wallace, Mike, 78, 306

     
Wall Street Journal
, 34, 263

     
Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 166, 316

     
Walters, Barbara, 31, 324

     
Walton, William, 194, 198

     
Warren, Earl, 112

     
Warren, Elizabeth, 261

     
Washington, Martha, 8

     
Washington National Airport, 81

     
Washington National Cathedral, 218

     
Washington National Zoo, 179

     
Washington Post
, 34, 77, 195, 204, 282, 289

     
Washington Star
, 226

     
Washington Times-Herald
, 247

     
Watergate, 34, 115, 117, 120, 121, 182, 208, 211, 293–95

     
Watt, James, 234

     
Waxman, Henry, 230

     
Weddington, Sarah, 254, 255

     
Weidenfeld, Sheila Rabb, 47, 123, 167–68, 190, 254

     
Wellesley College, 37, 42, 271, 272

     
Wells, Daryl, 49, 310–11

     
West, J. B., 88, 89–90, 104, 114, 146, 197, 199, 244, 245, 287

     
West, Zella, 90

     
West Wing, 117, 171–72

         
East Wing conflict with, 24–25, 26–27, 167–91

         
Lewinsky’s presence in, 36–37

         
Nancy Reagan’s “Evita” nickname in, 233

     
White, Frank, 159

     
White, Theodore H., 104, 202–3

     
White, Worthington, 36, 130, 131, 140, 162–63, 313, 314

     
White House

         
and Bess Truman, 11

         
and Betty Ford, 9, 123

         
bomb shelter in, 88

         
changes to decor after Kennedys, 251–53

         
Clinton years scandals and, 17

         
contract workers used in, 313–14

         
cost of food at, 21–22

         
garden tours of, 55

         
gifts to first family and, 22

         
and Hillary Clinton, 9

         
and Jackie Kennedy, 2, 11, 61, 63–64, 195–96

         
lack of privacy in, 9, 13, 21, 22–23, 67, 73, 90, 109, 116, 125, 139, 140, 176, 209

         
library of, 275

         
mental health summit (2013) at, 54

         
and Michelle Obama, 8, 25, 170

         
and Nancy Reagan, 8, 76

         
Pat Nixon’s tours for blind and working people of, 57

         
Rosalynn Carter on, 9, 77

         
sleepovers at, 122, 125

         
television tour of, 12

         
at time of Kennedy assassination, 12–13

         
during Vietnam War, 210

     
White House Correspondents’ Association, 109

     
White House Fine Arts Committee, 251

     
White House Historical Association, 23

     
White House Office of Public Engagement, 169

     
Whitewater real estate venture, 17, 277

     
Wicker, Tom, 179

     
Williams, Maggie, 170

     
Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 10–11

     
Wilson, Ellen, 38

     
Wilson, Margaret, 38

     
Wilson, Woodrow, 10, 38

     
Winchester, Lucy, 27, 63, 176, 180–81, 210–11, 293, 297

     
Winter, Melissa, 56

     
Wolff, Perry, 197–98

     
“Women Do-ers” (luncheons), 150

     
Woods, Rose Mary, 120, 182

     
Woodward, Bob, 119

     
World War II, 44

     
Wright, Betsey, 158

     
Wright, Zephyr, 251

     
Wyeth, Andrew, 298

     
Wyman, Jane, 130

     
Wynette, Tammy, 36

     
Yale Law School Library, 157

     
“You’ll Never Walk Alone,” 294

     
Young Republicans Club, 37

     
Yuki (Johnson pet), 31

     
Zhou Enlai, 178, 179

In the early-morning hours of November 9, 1960, Richard Nixon all but conceded the election to John Kennedy from Republican Party headquarters at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Pat campaigned tirelessly for her husband. “Now I’ll never get to be first lady,” she moaned.

First Lady Mamie Eisenhower, sixty-four, sneeringly referred to her successor, Jackie Kennedy, thirty-one, as “the college girl.” After JFK won the 1960 election, Mamie reluctantly invited Jackie, still recovering from a C-section for the birth of John F. Kennedy Jr., for the traditional private tour of the White House. Jackie was promised a wheelchair, but Mamie never offered her one, and by the end of the visit Jackie was pale and exhausted.

From left to right:
Pat Nixon, Mamie Eisenhower, Lady Bird Johnson, and Jackie Kennedy watch as President Kennedy delivers his inaugural address on January 20, 1961. Pat was vengeful after her husband’s brutal defeat and even suggested a recount.

Jackie Kennedy loved being a mother and had a sense of fun rarely seen by the public. “Let’s go kiss the wind,” she would whisper to her daughter, Caroline, before they ran outside to play on the White House lawn. Here she and President Kennedy play with their children, Caroline and John F. Kennedy Jr., in the White House nursery after a joint birthday party.

Caroline, seated at the center of the table wearing a red headband, and her classmates celebrate Halloween in the White House kindergarten that Jackie created.

Vice President Lyndon Johnson takes the oath of office aboard Air Force One on a tarmac in Dallas on November 22, 1963, after President Kennedy’s assassination. Lady Bird
(left)
could never convince Jackie
(right)
, her husband’s blood still staining her dress, to return to the White House, and was hurt that Jackie came back only at Pat Nixon’s request. But the two women were united by history and forged a deep, lifelong bond.

Chief Usher J. B. West, Lady Bird Johnson (carrying a portrait of President Johnson’s mentor, House Speaker Sam Rayburn) and the Johnsons’ youngest daughter, Luci (with beagles Him and Her), move into the White House after President Kennedy’s assassination. Lady Bird lamented, “People see the living and wish for the dead.”

Lady Bird Johnson, who was so shy that she took public speaking classes when her husband was in Congress, became the first first lady to make a solo campaign trip when she toured eight southern states on her whistle-stop train tour in 1964.

Pat Nixon
(middle)
learned how to be first lady by watching Mamie Eisenhower
(left)
when her husband served as vice president in the Eisenhower administration in the 1950s. But by the time Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968, Mamie’s old-fashioned approach seemed out of place. “Life and history have not been fair to Pat Nixon. Period,” says Connie Stuart, Pat’s former chief of staff and press secretary. Pat’s daughter Julie is on the right.

Pat—derided in the press as “Plastic Pat”—stirs the crowd at the 1972 Republican National Convention in Miami Beach. (Ronald Reagan stands behind her in a white jacket).

The Nixons have a quiet family dinner in the second-floor Family Dining Room on election night in 1972.