For the Love of Physics (47 page)

insulators and,
128
–29,
131
–32,
136

lethality of,
142
–43

in lightning,
see
lightning

naming of,
126

pervasiveness of,
129
–30

positive and negative charges and,
130
–31

short circuits and,
142
–43

static,
125
–28,
132
–36

torture and,
141

triboelectric effect and,
127
,
132
,
135
,
140

electrodynamic suspension (EDS),
163

electromagnetic suspension (EMS),
163
–64

electromagnetism,
36
,
39
,
166
,
167
,
227
,
232

electrons,
6
,
40
,
116
,
153
,
155
,
245

in core-collapse supernova,
220
–21

electric current and,
131
–32

electric field and,
40

in magnetic materials,
151

negative charge of,
131

”quantized,”
238

size of,
8

sparks and,
138

electroscope,
155

Elegant Universe, The
(Greene),
23

elements,
6
–7,
19

absorption lines of,
237
–38

nuclear decay of,
7
–8

supernova and creation of,
223

Elizabeth I, Queen of England,
152

energy,
6
,
9
,
168
–88

amplitude and,
105

ATP and,
169

in body cells,
169

chemical,
169
–70

in everyday life,
180

food,
176
–79

global warming crisis and,
185
–87

gravitational potential,
see
gravitational potential energy

heat as form of,
174
–75

household use of,
180
–81

kinetic (KE),
154
,
170
,
171
–72,
173
,
176
,
179
,
221
,
246

of lightning stroke,
144
–45

mechanical,
173

motion and,
see
motion, converting energy into

nuclear,
183
–85

nuclear fusion and,
186
–87

physical activity and,
177
–79

potential,
173

from Rapid Bursters,
256
–57

solar,
181
–82

from stars,
218

Sun’s radiation of,
192
,
218

units for,
177

voltage and,
137

wind power and,
182
–83

in X-ray bursts,
249

of X-rays,
191
–92

energy, conservation of,
181

classroom demonstrations of,
168
–69,
173
–74

energy, conversion of,
169
–88

classroom demonstrations of,
170

gravitational potential energy and,
171
–72

Joule’s discovery of,
174
–75

in nuclear reactors,
170

England,
127

equatorial coordinate system,
250

ergs,
177

error box,
195

escape velocity,
227

Evans, W. D.,
248

event horizon,
226
,
228
–29,
231
,
232
–34

radius of,
228

Everest, Mount,
64

everything, theory of,
167

evolution,
34

Faraday, Michael,
156
–57,
166

Faraday’s law,
161
,
166

Fermi, Enrico,
269

ferromagnetic material,
156

ferromagnetism,
150
–51

Fiestaware,
183
,
262

firewood,
180

Fisher, Philip,
212
–13

flavors, of quarks,
9

flight,
73
–75

Bernoulli principle and,
73
–74

reaction lift and,
74
–75

flute,
119

fogbows,
96
–99,
102

food,
169

food energy,
176
–79

Fortran (computer language),
208

fossil fuel,
170
,
181
,
182
,
185

France,
127

nuclear power in,
185

Franklin, Benjamin,
128
,
130
–31,
155

Franklin, Rosalind,
32
n

frequency:

of big bang,
108
–9

fundamental,
110
–11

harmonics and,
114
–15

of sound waves,
104
,
105
–6

of tuning fork,
106
,
109
–10

friction,
39

mechanical energy and,
173

see also
air drag

Friedman, Herbert,
195
,
197
–98,
212
,
213

galaxies,
28
,
51

and expansion of space,
18
–19

Great Wall of,
5

jets emitted from,
199

mapping projects of,
108

Perseus cluster of,
108

plasma in,
107

Galileo Galilei,
25
–26,
27
,
42
,
43
,
50
,
51
,
66
,
126
,
172
,
189
,
278
,
282

gamma-ray astronomy,
199
,
243

gamma rays,
8
,
183
,
190
,
191
,
225

gases,
60
,
246

expelled from supernovae,
222
–23

ionized,
107
,
245

Gates, Bill,
x

Gauguin, Paul,
265
,
268

Gauss, Carl Friedrich,
156

Gauss’s law for electricity,
165

Gauss’s law for magnetism,
165

Geiger-Müller tubes,
193
,
194

Geisler, Benjamin,
99

general relativity, theory of,
19
,
228
,
269
–70

generators,
156
–57,
166

geomagnetic storms,
154

George II, King of England,
147

Giacconi, Riccardo,
17
,
193
,
195
,
196
,
216
,
243

Gilbert, William,
152
,
154
–55

Gill, David,
30

Glashow, Sheldon,
22
,
116
,
167

glassbows,
99
–102

global warming,
185

glories (Brocken spectres),
97
–98

gluons,
9
,
18
,
116

Goddard Space Flight Center,
251