For the Love of Physics (49 page)

Lewin, Emma,
16
,
88
,
114

Lewin, Gustav,
11

Lewin, Huibertha,
2

Lewin, Jacob,
11
–12

Lewin, Jakob,
16

Lewin, Julia,
11
–12

Lewin, Pauline,
15
,
16
,
266

Lewin, Walter, Sr.,
13
–16

Lewin, Walter H. G.:

art collaborations of,
263
,
264
–67

art collection of,
262

birth of,
11

career of,
xiii
–xiv

early education of,
1
–2

New York Times
piece on,
x

teaching style of,
xi
–xii,
xiv
,
xv
,
263
,
270
–71

university education of,
10
–11,
16

World War II experience of,
11
–16

Lewin Gottfeld, Emma,
11

Leyden jars,
155

LGM-1 (pulsar),
225

Lick Observatory,
196
–97

Lien,
265

Life Is Beautiful
(film),
12

light,
225

auroras and,
153

black holes and speed of,
232

in camera obscura,
78
–79

as electromagnetic wave,
166

in Newton’s prism experiment,
80

polarized,
91
–93

refraction of,
80
–82

scattering of,
3
–4,
93

of sparks,
139

speed of,
19
,
104
,
269

in split-beam experiment,
94
–95

as wave,
92
,
94
–96

wavelength of,
104

white,
80
,
82
,
85

X-rays and,
191
–92

lighthouse effect,
225

Light Line Experiment
,
263

lightning,
136
,
253

blue jet form of,
148

distance of,
144

electric current in,
138
–39,
141
,
143
–44

electric fields and,
137
–38

electric shock of,
138
–39

energy released by,
144
–45

frequency of occurence of,
143

at high altitudes,
147
–48

lightning rods and,
147

maximum power of,
144

in mythology,
143

ozone and,
144
–45

red sprite form of,
148

sparks and,
138
–41

voltage and,
137
–38

light travel time distance,
35

linear polarizer,
92

liquids, pressure in,
see
hydrostatic pressure

Lockheed Missiles and Space Company,
212

lodestones,
150

“Looking at 20th-Century Art Through the Eyes of a Physicist,”
267

Los Alamos National Laboratory,
258
–59

luminosity:

brightness and,
32
–33

in Cepheid variables,
32
–34

of X-rays,
246

M-1,
see
Crab Nebula

M31,
see
Andromeda galaxy

McClintock, Jeff,
211
–12,
234
,
242
,
254
,
255

McCracken, Ken,
200
,
213

maglev trains,
162
–65

magnesium,
151

Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de
Magno Magnete Tellure, De
(
On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth
) (Gilbert),
152
,
155

magnetic bremsstrahlung,
192

magnetic force,
39

magnetism, magnetic fields,
149
–67,
261

in ancient era,
150

in animals,
152

auroras and,
153
–54

compasses and,
151
–52,
157

diamagnetic materials and,
151

of Earth,
152
–53

electromagnetism and,
154
–57

iron and,
150
–51

liquid,
151

in maglev trains,
162
–65

Maxwell’s equations and,
165

in migrating birds,
152

monopoles and,
165

of neutron star,
224

paramagnetic materials and,
151

solar wind and,
153
–54

of Sun,
153

superconductors and,
163

in television sets,
149
–50

and theory of everything,
167

magnetite (iron oxide),
150

Malevich, Kazimir,
265
,
268

mammalian femurs,
25
–27,
26
,
277
–78

manometer,
67
–69,
77

Maraschi, Laura,
251
–52

Mars,
9
,
223
–24

atmosphere of,
154

magnetic field of,
154

Mars Climate Orbiter,
22

Marshall, Herman,
255

Marshall Space Flight Center,
17

mass,
130
,
172

calculating,
281
–84

of Earth,
45

Planck,
230

of protons,
229

of Sun,
279

weight and,
41
–43,
45

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),
ix
,
xiv
,
10
,
11
,
18
,
214

Matisse, Henri,
267
–68

matter,
6
,
173
,
187

in black holes,
225
–26

flow of, in binary systems,
244
–45

quarks and,
9

in space,
107

and vibrating strings,
116

X-ray heating of,
192

Maxwell, James Clerk,
156
,
165
–67,
261

Maxwell’s equations,
165
–67,
270

Mayall, Nicholas,
196
–97

measurements, measuring,
ix
,
21
–36

air pressure,
61
–63

astronomy and,
27
–28

and degree of accuracy,
8
,
23
–25

distance of lightning,
144

electrical current,
141

of interstellar space,
see
stellar distances, measurement of

of mammalian femur,
25
–27,
26
,
277
–78

static electricity,
155

uncertainty and,
ix
–x,
22

and universal law of gravitation,
49
–51

mechanical energy,
173

megaparsec,
35

Meitner, Lise,
32
n

mercury (element),
7
,
66
–67,
151

Mercury (planet),
4
–5,
279

Messier, Charles,
196

Messier catalog,
196

meteorites,
4

Michell, John,
228

micro black holes,
229
–31

microscopes,
130