Forgotten Wars (101 page)

61.
Rance to Pethick-Lawrence, 12 November 1946, ibid.

62.
Rance’s memorandum on the need to accelerate the progress of constitutional advance for Burma, 12 November 1946, ibid.

63.
Rance to Pethick-Lawrence, 13 November 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, pp. 139–44.

64.
Angelene Naw,
Aung San and the struggle for Burmese independence
(Copenhagen, 2001), pp. 177–81.

65.
Extract from
The Burman
, 3 November 1946, 643/38, TNA, cited in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 105.

66.
Thein Pe, ‘A critique of the communist movement in Burma’, a note to Indian communsists, 1973; Mss Eur C498, OIOC.

67.
Invitation to reception 22 October 1946, Tom Driberg Papers, S3, 2, 51, Christ Church, Oxford; cf. ibid., no. 54, conversation between Tom Harrisson (Mass Observation) and Karen representatives, passed on to Driberg.

68.
Combined civil and military intelligence for December 1946, ff. 70–4, Rance Papers, Mss Eur F169/5, OIOC.

69.
‘Reuter interview with Bogyoke Aung San, 16 December 1946’, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 194.

70.
John H. McEnery,
Epilogue in Burma, 1945–48
(Tunbridge Wells, 1990), pp. 75–90.

71.
Hansard, House of Commons debates, vol. 431, col. 2343–5, cited in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 209.

72.
Laithwaite to Monteath, 17 December 1946, Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/72, OIOC.

73.
Ibid.

74.
Laithwaite to Monteath, 20 December 1946, ibid.

75.
Excerpt from Hansard, House of Commons debates, 20 December 1946, col. 2343; clipping in Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/72, OIOC.

76.
McEnery,
Epilogue in Burma
, pp. 95–6.

77.
‘Memorial service for the men who died in captivity at work on the Burma–Siam Railway, 1942–5, December 18 1946’, Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/72, OIOC.

78.
Fujio Hara,
Malayan Chinese and China: conversion in identity consciousness, 1945–57
(Singapore, 2003), p. 32.

79.
Charlie Cheah Fook Yong, OHD, SNA.

80.
Kevin Blackburn, ‘The collective memory of the
sook ching
massacre and the creation of the civilian war memorial of Singapore’,
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
, 73, 2 (2000), pp. 76–7.

81.
Beatrice Trefalt,
Japanese army stragglers and memories of the war in Japan, 1950–1975
(London, 2003), p. 25.

82.
‘Jap nationals in SEAC area’, 19 September 1946, WO208/3909, TNA.

83.
SEALF to SCAP, 1 March 1947, WO208/3910, TNA.

84.
‘Japanese Surrendered Personnel in Central Malaya’, December 1946, WO 208/3910, TNA.

85.
Kazuo Tamayama,
Railwaymen in the war: tales by Japanese railway soldiers in Burma and Thailand, 1941–1947
(Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 274–5.

86.
Ibid., pp. 233–7.

87.
Mamoru Shinozaki,
Syonan – my story: the Japanese occupation of Singapore
(Singapore, 1979), pp. 102–4.

88.
Enclosures on BMA/CH/43/46, SNA.

89.
Wee Hock Chye,
Comfort homes and early years
(Kuala Lumpur, n.d.) pp. 45–7.

90.
Kevin Blackburn and Edmund Lim, ‘The Japanese war memorials of Singapore: monuments of commemoration and symbols of Japanese imperial ideology’,
South East Asia Research
, 7, 3 (2001), p. 336.

91.
Kenichi Goto,
Tensions of empire: Japan and Southeast Asia in the colonial and postcolonial world
(Singapore, 2003), p. 196.

92.
Chin Peng,
My side of history
(Singapore, 2003), pp. 146–7; C. C. Chin and Karl Hack (eds.),
Dialogues with Chin Peng: new light on the Malayan Communist Party
(Singapore, 2004), p. 96.

93.
O. W. Gilmour,
With freedom to Singapore
(London, 1950), pp. 16–18.

94.
Victor Purcell,
Memoirs of a Malayan official
(London, 1965), p. 303.

95.
Letter of 7 July 1946, in Amy and Richard Haggard, ‘An account of the British Military Administration of Upper Perak, Malaya – 1945/46: being memories based on diaries and letters’, 4 April 2000, RCS, CUL.

96.
E. T. Campbell in 1931, quoted in Margaret Shennan,
Out in the midday sun: the British in Malaya, 1880–1960
(London, 2000), p. 114.

97.
‘Notes for women proceeding to Malaya: 21st May 1946’; minute 8 June, 1946, CO717/149/2, TNA.

98.
Vernon Bartlett,
Go East, old man
(London, 1948), p. 103.

99.
J. M. Gullick, ‘My time in Malaya’, June 1970, Heussler Papers, RHO.

100.
Bartlett,
Go East, old man
, p. 103.

101.
A. H. Dickenson to Gent, 22 December 1945; W. S. Morgan, minute, 25 October 1945, CO273/673/7, TNA.

102.
Nicholas J. White,
Business, government and the end of empire: Malaya, 1945–1957
(Kuala Lumpur, 1996), p. 82.

103.
S. K. Chettur,
Malayan adventure
(Mangalore, 1948), p. 178–87.

104.
Philip Warner, ‘Hone, Sir (Herbert) Ralph (1896–1992)’,
Oxford dictionary of national biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004;
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51132
, accessed 3 May 2005.

105.
Gent to Sir George Cator, 5 November 1946, A. J. Stockwell (ed.),
British documents on the end of empire: Malaya, part I
(London, 1995), pp. 271–4.

106.
A. J. Stockwell,
British policy and Malay politics during the Malayan Union experiment, 1945–1948
(Kuala Lumpur, 1979), ch. 5; Malayan Security Service, Political Intelligence Journal [MSS/PIJ], 31 December 1946, Dalley Papers, RHO.

107.
Creech Jones to Gent, 1 May 1946, CO537/1529, TNA.

108.
Nicholas Tarling, ‘“Some rather nebulous capacity”: Lord Killearn’s appointment in Southeast Asia’,
Modern Asian Studies
, 20, 3 (1986), pp. 559–600.

109.
Charles Gamba,
The origins of trade unionism in Malaya
(Singapore, 1960), p. 67; Ronald Milne interview, OHD, SNA.

110.
Office of the Special Commissioner in South East Asia, ‘Social Welfare Conference, Singapore 19–23 August 1947: Minutes’, SCA/5/47, SNA.

111.
‘Youth Welfare in Singapore, 10 July 1947’, ibid.

112.
Gent to Creech Jones, 1 October 1946, CO537/1579, TNA.

113.
Gamba,
The origins of trade unionism in Malaya
, pp. 100–113.

114.
‘Malayan Communist Party policy’, Supplement No. 9 to MSS/PIJ, 31 July 1948; HQ Malaya Command, Weekly Intelligence Review, 2 April 1946, CO537/1581, TNA.

115.
Singapore General Labour Union, ‘An account of experiences derived from strikes’, printed in MSS/PIJ, 31 May 1946.

116.
MSS/PIJ, September, 1946.

117.
Gamba,
The origins of trade unionism in Malaya
, p. 196;
Min Sheng Pau
, 5 December 1946.

1.
Viceroy (Wavell) to Secretary of State, 21 January 1947, ‘INA and Free Burma Army’, L/WS/1/1578, OIOC.

2.
Penderel Moon (ed.),
Wavell: the viceroy’s journal
(London, 1973), entry for 31 December 1946, p. 403.

3.
Wavell to Pethick-Lawrence, 1 March 1947, Pethick-Lawrence Papers, Box 5/73, Trinity College, Cambridge.

4.
Moon,
Wavell
, entry for 27 March 1947, p. 433.

5.
Mountbatten to Secretary of State, 20 March 1947, L/WS/1/1578, OIOC.

6.
Viceroy’s personal report, 1 August 1947, in Nicholas Mansergh (ed.),
The transfer of power in India
, vol. XII,
The Mountbatten viceroyalty: princes, partition and independence, 8 July–15 August 1947
(London, 1983), p. 455.

7.
Attlee to Mountbatten, 17 July 1947, ibid., p. 215.

8.
Discussion between Jinnah and Mountbatten, 12 July 1947, ibid., p. 122.

9.
‘Report of the Armed Services Nationalisation Committee’ and minutes, papers of Major-General D. A. L. Wade, 8204/797–2, NAM.

10.
New Times of Burma
, 13 July 1947.

11.
Sri Krishna, special correspondent, Delhi, draft article 4 July 1947, papers of Lady Edwina Mountbatten, MB Q4, Southampton University Library.

12.
Ayesha Jalal,
The state of martial rule: the origins of Pakistan’s political economy of defence
(Cambridge, 1990), p. 29.

13.
Viceroy’s Personal Report, 1 August 1947, in Mansergh,
Transfer of power in India
, vol. XII, p. 452.

14.
Ibid.

15.
Benjamin Zachariah,
Nehru
(London, 2004), p. 200.

16.
Darbar Notes
, no. 6, December 1946, L/WS1/1654, OIOC.

17.
Personal memorandum by Lt. Gen. R. A. Savory, 4–9 May 1947, ibid.

18.
Discussion between Mountbatten and Gandhi, early July 1947, in Mansergh,
Transfer of power in India
, vol. XII, p. 50.

19.
Meeting of Partition Council, 10 July 1947, ibid., p. 51.

20.
Fauj Akhbar: Indian Forces Weekly
, 3 May 1947, 7403–28, NAM.

21.
Note on ‘The Sikhs’ by Lt. Gen. R. A. Savory, endorsed by Auchinleck 29 September 1947, Savory Papers, 7603/93–92, NAM.

22.
Jalal,
State of martial rule
, p. 43.

23.
Lt. Col. Siddiq to Lt. Gen. R. A. Savory, 27 August 1947, Savory Papers 7603/93–83, NAM.

24.
W. Alston Papers, vol. X, 8005/151–11, NAM.

25.
Ibid., entry for 15–16 August 1947.

26.
Nehru to Pethick-Lawrence, 20 October 1947, Pethick-Lawrence Papers, Box 5/76, Trinity College, Cambridge.

27.
Statesman
, 5 May 1947.

28.
Statesman
, 10 May 1947.

29.
Statesman
, 1 May 1947.

30.
Statesman
, 2 May 1947.

31.
People’s Age
(Bombay), 20 April, 18 May 1947.

32.
Statesman
, 6 May 1947.

33.
John Tyson to his family, 16 January 1947, Tyson Papers, Mss Eur E341/41, OIOC.

34.
John Tyson to his family, 2 February 1947, ibid.

35.
Joya Chatterji, ‘The fashioning of a frontier: the Radcliffe line and Bengal’s border landscape, 1947–52’,
Modern Asian Studies
, 33, 1 (1999), pp. 185–243.

36.
An excellent brief account of Nagas and Naga nationalism can be found in Julian Jacobs with Alan Macfarlane, Sarah Harrison and Anita Herle,
Hill peoples of northeast India, the Nagas: society, culture and the colonial encounter
(Stuttgart, 1990), esp. pp. 151–70.

37.
Mildred Archer, ‘Journey to Nagaland, an account of six months spent in the Naga Hills in 1947; entry for 23 8 1947’, typescript in Archer private collection cited in Jacobs,
The Nagas
, ch. 14, n. 24.