God's Chinese Son (65 page)
45.
The 1853 illustrated Amoy edition,
Tianlu licheng,
is in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., and an 1855 illustrated Hong Kong edition is in the British Library, Oriental Collection. A summary in thirteen leaves was published by Muirhead in 1851, according to Wylie,
Memorials,
168. On other editions, see ibid., 175-76, and ibid., 282, for Burns' translation of Bunyan's follow-up volume on the journey of Christian's wife, Christiana, published in Peking in 1866.
46.
See Bunyan text,
Tianlu licheng,
and illustrations 1, 3, and 8, and the interpretation in Rudolf Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
59. Wagner suggests early influence through Milne's summary of 1816; but Hong Rengan to Edkins,
NCH,
Aug. 11, 1860, also cited in Clarke and Gregory
Reports,
243, specifies it was Burns' translation, which first appeared in 1853, that Hong liked to read.
47.
Bunyan,
Tianlu licheng,
9, and 21; see comment by Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
59; Xia,
Zongjiao,
151-52, also discusses this "narrow gate,"
zhaimen,
and its relationship to
Pilgrim's Progress.
48.
TR,
939.
49.
Joseph Edkins, "Narrative," 279.
50.
Much of the rest of this edict, as translated by the missionary J. L. Holmes, is too garbled to make sense. It is reproduced in
TR,
1126-27, from Brine,
Taeping,
266-67. I substitute Young Monarch for Junior Lord.
51.
TR,
939, 941,943, 945.
52.
TR,
944, 945.
53.
TR,
945, 946.
54.
NCH,
March 2, 1861, as observed and reported by a "Native Christian" and translated by the Reverend William G. E. Cunnyngham on a Nanjing visit.
55.
TR,
936.
56.
TR,
940, proclamation of April 4, 1861.
57.
TR,
945-46.
58.
TR,
931.
59.
TR,
931.
60.
TR,
933, modified following Chin,
Shiliao,
106.
61.
Chin,
Shiliao,
107;
TR,
934.
Chapter 20: Priest-King
1.
Hamberg,
Visions,
31-32.
2.
Tianxiong shengzhi,
1:14, dated Daoguang 29/1/21. I translate
qianlian
as "connected together." See also Joseph Edkins' remark, in "Narrative," 265, that Hong Xiuquan had been "divinely informed, so he believed," of Roberts' goodness.
3.
TR,
573-75, for testimony of the courier Yeh. A. Happer's record of the courier's visit is given in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
75-80. One letter, claimed for a time to be Hong's actual invitation, is now regarded as probably a later fabrication. See
TR,
509-10.
4.
BPP/Elgin,
473.
5.
TR,
758.
6.
See Roberts' letter of Sept. 29, 1860, in
NCH,
Oct. 27, 1860, and his letter to the
Overland China Mail
cited in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
253.
7.
Pruden, "Roberts," 215, 284, and Y. C. Teng, "Roberts," 61, on the illness of his wife; Pruden, "Roberts," 164, on the case of the second assistant A-Chun, and 108-18 and 284 on the legal battles. The death of Chun, his first helper, in 1845 is movingly described by Roberts in a letter of April 6, 1845, Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board, Richmond, Va., Roberts files, "Chun's Doings in Canton," Fiche 15, plate 1760, no. 49. For Virginia Young Roberts' disgust with her husband, see her letter of Oct. 6, 1867, ibid., correspondence, Fiche 1. My thanks to Laura McDaniel for this and other references to this collection and that of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society.
8.
American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Archives, Valley Forge, Pa., Issachar Roberts, Folder 75-5, dated Nanking, Nov. 8, 1860, and Dec. 1, 1860, enclosures to Bro[ther] Lord; Pruden, "Roberts," 289-90.
9.
Coughlin, "Strangers," 274; Pruden, "Roberts," 290-91; Edkins, "Narrative," 265, 267;
NCH,
Sept. 7, 1861. Roberts' former colleague T. P. Crawford, however, visited Nanjing in spring 1861 and wrote to a friend of seeing Roberts "in the old cast-off robes of the chiefs," "the dirtiest, greasiest white man 1 ever saw," cited in Coughlin, "Strangers," 276; for the Reverend Hobson it was "a dirty yellow Chinese robe—a miserable spectacle of dirt and slovenliness"—cited in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
298. Yung Wing, who had met Roberts long before in Mrs. Gutzlaff s Macao school, found him looking old, though moving "leisurely in his clumsy Chinese shoes"
(My Life,
107).
10.
Roberts letter, cited in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
254.
11.
Ibid., 255.
\2.NCH,
Sept. 7, 1861; Wylie,
Memorials,
97, item 5. For Roberts' collaborators Charles Washington Gaillard and Rosewell Hobart Graves, see Wylie,
Memorials,
230, 240-41, and Pruden, "Roberts," 205, 285. Roberts' own inscribed copy of the Goddard Bible is preserved in the library of Brown University, Providence, R.I.
13.
Josiah Cox, cited in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
313, on the restriction. Roberts letter to
NCH,
March 30, 1861, also cited in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
262-64.
14.
Edkins, "Narrative," 276-77.
15.
As translated by Edkins in "Narrative," 274, and translating Kan-wang as Shield King. The idea that "the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night" (1 Thessalonians 5:2) had been read by Hong first in Liang Afa's version; see
Quanshi,
469-71. Hong also used the passage to refer to himself in his commentary on Revelation 22:17-20; see
TR,
237.
16.
Wylie,
Memorials,
187-91; Milton and science, ibid., 189.
17.
Edkins, "Narrative," 294-96, includes two of Hong's own comments on his eye troubles. The eye problem is corroborated by Griffith John, letter to his brother, in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
297. See also Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
99.
18.
Edkins, "Narrative," 295; Forrest, "Nanking," also notes Hong's knowledge of Atha- nasius and other church fathers.
19.
Edkins, "Narrative," 295; Xiao,
Zhaoyu,
item 2 (plate 6), includes a photograph of Edkins' Chinese text with Hong's comments and marks of emphasis. The original is in the British Library as Or. 8143 bound into the volume 5896(J). It is written very clearly in black ink on pale blue pages.
20.
Edkins, "Narrative," 272 n, mentions that Hong saw Edkins' writing of 1857 on this topic in a "Chinese monthly magazine." This is presumably Edkins' essay "On the Oneness of Jesus with God," mentioned by Wylie,
Memorials,
189, no. 8, as appearing in the
Hua- yang hehe tongshu
(Chinese and foreign concord almanac) for that year.
21.
This original poem in Hong's calligraphy is written in red ink on the last sheet of Edkins' essay (see n. 19 above). It can be authenticated by the massive square Taiping seal on the back of the document, of which about half is legible. Jen Yu-wen has reconstructed most of the characters in his Collection, p. 33, photographs of seals. The poem is photographically reproduced in Xiao,
Zhaoyu,
item 2, second page, plate 7, and a transcript is printed in Xiang,
Ziliao,
2:672. A rendering rather different from mine is given in
TR,
1205.
22.
TR,
939.
23.
TR,
938.
24.
J. L. Holmes, in
NCH,
Sept. 1, 1860, cited in Clarke and Gregory,
Reports,
250.
25.
Parkes 1861, April 2,
BPP /
IUP, 122, Inclosure 2 in no. 5, Admiralty to Hammond of June 15, 1861.
26.
Forrest, "Nanking."
27.
Ibid., and
BPP
/IUP, 100.
28.
The commentaries are preserved in the British Library edition of the revised Taiping Bible,
Qinding Jiuyizhao shengshu
and
Qinding Qianyizhao shengshu.
Though it is not possible to date Hong's commentaries precisely, the evidence of R. J. Forrest in his "Christianity of Hung Tsiu Tsuen," 190, 200, shows that those we have now cannot be later than Oct. 1861, when Forrest obtained his copy of this Bible. Xia,
Zongjiao,
142, argues for 1860.
29.
Chin,
Shiliao,
85, somewhat modifying
TR,
234.
30.
Chin,
Shiliao,
80,
TR,
230.
31.
Acts 7:56; Chin,
Shiliao,
81;
TR,
231; Bohr, "Eschatology," 362 n.
32.
Chin,
Shiliao,
85;
TR,
235.
33.
Matthew 8:15; Chin,
Shiliao,
77;
TR,
227.
34.
Matthew 9:29; Chin,
Shiliao,
77;
TR,
228.
