God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England (69 page)

          For the Catholicism of the Arden area more generally, see Brown, ‘Recusant Community’, pp. 297–9.

4
     PRO SP 12/229, f. 137r; Tesimond,
Narrative
, p. 185; ABSI Anglia A I, 73, f. 140r.

5
     Lessius and Androtius,
The Treasure of Vowed Chastity
, sigs *2, *5.

6
     Ibid., sigs *4v, *5r; pp. 3, 86–8, 93–100, 110–117; 151, 159, 176–7, 193, 196, 237.

7
     Southwell,
Short Rule
, sig. a5v.

8
     Ibid., pp. 48–59.

9
     Ibid., pp. 128–31.

10
   Ibid., pp. 30, 47; Rowlands, ‘Recusant Women’, pp. 163–4.

11
   Southwell,
Short Rule
, pp. 103–4, 135.

12
   PRO SP 14/19, f. 136.

13
   Finucane,
Miracles and Pilgrims
, p. 26. For the following discussion, I am particularly indebted to Alexandra Walsham’s article, ‘Miracles and the Counter-Reformation Mission to England’.

14
   Walsham, ‘Domme Preachers?’, esp. pp. 80–1, 93–123.

15
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 49; Pollen,
Unpublished Documents
, p. 291.

16
   
DEP
, p. 296; Walsham,
Providence
, pp. 238–40.

17
   McClain,
Lest We be Damned
, p. 154.

18
   Redworth,
Letters of Luisa de Carvajal
, II, pp. 291–4.

19
   Holmes,
Elizabethan Casuistry
, pp. 82–3.

20
   Ibid., p. 87; Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 183–4; Holroyd, ‘Rich Embrodered Churchstuffe’, pp. 75–8.

21
   Lux-Sterritt,
Redefining Female Religious Life
, p. 97; Lessius and Androtius,
The Treasure of Vowed Chastity
, p. 172;
The Egerton Papers
, ed. J. Payne Collier (1840), p. 164.

22
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 40.

23
   Holmes,
Elizabethan Casuistry
, pp. 24, 86. The spy Thomas Dodwell, who had informed on the Vauxes at Hackney, reported on the use of a tin chalice by priests in prison (Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 216
n
).

24
   Holmes,
Elizabethan Casuistry
, pp. 39–40, 60, 104–6, 109 and Introduction.

25
   Ibid., pp. 4, 23, 81–3; Williams, ‘Forbidden Sacred Spaces’, pp. 97–103.

26
   Cox,
Derbyshire Annals
, I, p. 284.

27
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 130.

28
   HMC Downshire, 3, p. 180.

29
   Rex, ‘Thomas Vavasour’, p. 442.

30
   Ibid.; Hodgetts,
Secret Hiding-Places
, pp. 9–12, 117; Hodgetts, ‘
Loca Secretiora
’.

31
   Hodgetts,
Secret Hiding-Places
,
passim
; Hogge,
God’s Secret Agents
, pp. 118–19.

32
   
Hierarchomachia
, cited by Shell,
Oral Culture
, p. 145.

33
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 125.

34
   Foley,
Records
, V, p. 470.

35
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 168; Hodgetts, ‘
Loca Secretiora
’, pp. 390–1.

36
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 55; Holmes,
Elizabethan Casuistry
, p. 77.

37
   Sheldon,
Survey
, pp. 29–31. ‘The perjury of Thomas Cornford’ is also cited in John Gee’s
The Foot out of the Snare
(1624).

38
   Bod MS Laud Misc. 655, f. 2; Sheldon,
Survey
, p. 31.

39
   Holmes,
Elizabethan Casuistry
, pp. 103, 123; Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 113.

40
   PRO E 377/32.

41
   Presumably this is why the third Lord Vaux bequeathed Frances £100 in his will, but ‘to the rest of her brothers and sisters one hundred pounds to be equally divided amongst them’ (PRO PROB 11/88/344). Hamilton,
Chronicle
, II, pp. 164–8.

42
   Williams, ‘Forbidden Sacred Spaces’, p. 113; Holmes,
Elizabethan Casuistry
, p. 23.

43
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 104
n
.

44
   Colleton,
A Just Defence
, p. 248; Shell, ‘Furor juvenilis’, p. 191. Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 218.

45
   Hamilton,
Chronicle
, II, p. 165.

46
   Foley,
Records
, V, pp. 598–600.

47
   Dillon, ‘Praying by Number’; Dekker,
The Wonderful Year
, p. 167. For other imaginative forms of Catholic renewal in England, see Walsham, ‘Translating Trent?’

48
   Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, I, pp. 19, 28.

49
   ABSI Collectanea P II, f. 551.

50
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 215.

51
   Morris,
Troubles
, I, p. 177; Bod MS Eng. Th. B. 1, pp. 488, 490; Southwell,
Short Rule
, p. 69.

52
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 10, 17, 44–5.

53
   Bod MS Eng. Th. B. 1, p. 486;
DEP
, p. 216; Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 239n.

54
   Southwell, ‘Two Letters’, p. 5.

55
   Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, II, p. 7; McGrath and Rowe, ‘The Marian Priests’.

56
   ARSI Anglia 37, f. 259r (from discs held at ABSI); Foley,
Records
, VII, pp. 1347–55.

57
   ABSI Collectanea P II, f. 552.

58
   PRO SP 14/16, f. 55v. Strange stayed ‘for nearly two years’ (Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 173, p. 248
n
).

59
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 40; Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 92, 204–5, 222–3, 233–4, 296.

60
   Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 222, 276, 327; Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 45–8, 205.

61
   They had been captured at sea on their way to Goa in 1602 and taken to England, where they promptly escaped. Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 297–8, 301.

62
   ABSI Collectanea P II, f. 551; Persons, ‘Memoirs’, 2, pp. 18, 36–7.

63
   Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 122, 213, 217, 233.

64
   ARSI Anglia 37, f. 265v: ‘Fr Cowling’s Relation of our Fathers in England’ (from discs held at ABSI).

65
   HMC Salisbury, 17, p. 611; Bod MS Eng. Th. B. 2, p. 136; ABSI Collectanea P II, f. 580v.

66
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 40–1, p. 225
n
.

67
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 128.

68
   Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 41.

12
Virgo Becomes Virago

1
     ABSI Anglia A I, 73. Garnet’s account is in Latin. Morris (
Troubles
, I, pp. 149–51), Caraman (
Garnet
, pp. 128–35) and Anstruther (
Vaux
, pp. 186–91) all give lengthy translated extracts. The account above is taken largely from Anstruther with the kind permission of the Trustees of the English Province of the Order of Preachers. There is, sadly, no account of the raid in the State Papers.

13
Hurly Burly

1
     Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 42.

2
     Southwell,
Humble Supplication
, ed. Bald, App. I. The proclamation is dated 18 October 1591, but seems to have been issued towards the end of the following month.

3
     PRO SP 12/229, f. 137r.

4
     Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 140–1.

5
     Southwell,
Humble Supplication
, pp. 2, 17, 34.

6
     Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 136; Devlin,
Southwell
, pp. 255–6; Petti,
Letters and Despatches
, pp. 39, 42.

7
     
The Rambler
, new series, 7 (1857), pp. 112–15.

8
     See the entries for Topcliffe by S. T. Bindoff in
The History of Parliament: HoC 1558–1603
, ed. Hasler, and by W. Richardson, in
ODNB
. For specific quotations, see: Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 68–70; Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 107; Hogge,
God’s Secret Agents
, p. 123.

9
     Bod MS Eng. Th. B. 1, p. 758.

10
   BL Harl. MS 6998, f. 185v.

11
   HMC Middleton, pp. 530–1; Jeaffreson,
Middlesex County Records
, I, p. 73; Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 68.

12
   BL Harl. MS 6998, f. 250v; Jeaffreson,
Middlesex County Records
, I, p. 73.

13
   Petti,
Letters and Despatches
, pp. 97–8: original MS and copy by Grene.

14
   Southwell, ‘Two Letters’, p. 78.

15
   Ibid., p. 82; Petti,
Letters and Despatches
, pp. 67–8.

16
   BL Lans. MS 72, f. 113.

17
   Southwell, ‘Two Letters’, pp. 77–8, 121
n
.