Goebbels: A Biography (109 page)

1.
Berghahn,
Der Stahlhelm
, 118ff.; Jung,
Demokratie
, 109ff. On Goebbels’s position, see Reuth,
Goebbels
, 147ff.

2.
TB, 17 March 1929.

3.
TB, 28 March 1929.

4.
TB, 5 April 1929. On his uncertainty regarding Hitler’s policy, see also 6 and 9 April 1929.

5.
TB, 12 April 1929; on the beneficial effects of the conversation, see also 13 April 1929.

6.
TB, 16 April 1929.

7.
TB, 30 April 1929. It referred to Hitler’s memorandum to the Stahlhelm executive of April 1929. Berghahn,
Stahlhelm
, 126f.

8.
Der Angriff
, 13 May 1929, “Gegen die Reaktion” and 27 May 1929, “Einheitsfront.”

9.
TB, 16 May 1929; see also 17 May 1929. On Hitler’s assurances that he was going to distance himself from the Stahlhelm, see 29 and 31 May 1929.

10.
TB, 28 June 1929.

11.
He said this in a speech on 28 June, according to a diary entry the following day.

12.
TB, 5 July 1929.

13.
Jung,
Demokratie
, 110.

14.
TB, 12 July 1929.

15.
TB, 6 July 1929.

16.
TB, 2 March 1929.

17.
TB, 1 March 1929. On the criticism of the Party leadership, see also 6 April 1929 (with Robert Rohde); on a conversation with Baldur von Schirach, the “Reichsführer of students,” see 18 April 1929.

18.
TB, 30 April 1929. However, Goebbels added that he had been “very reserved” during the conversation.

19.
TB, 13 June 1929;
NS-Briefe
, 3 August 1929.

20.
TB, 29 May, 5 July 1929.

21.
TB, 30 July 1929.

22.
On the establishment of the department, see 14 and 28 May and 4 June 1929. On the intensification of propaganda, see 30 July, 29 August, 18 October 1929. However, he soon thought Stark’s work “too theoretical” (8 October 1929).

23.
TB, 1 August 1929.

24.
TB, 4 August 1929.

25.
TB, 13 and 14 August 1929.

26.
TB, 20 October 1929.

27.
TB, 20 and 22 November 1929.

28.
Der Angriff
, 16 September 1929, under the heading “Kampf um Berlin.”

29.
Der Angriff
, 9 September 1929.

30.
TB, 8 September 1929; Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 101.

31.
TB, 16 September 1929; Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 101.

32.
TB, 23 September 1929;
Der Angriff
, 23 and 30 September 1929 (“Auf den Schanzen”) and 20 October (“Neukölln ist nicht rot”); Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 102f.

33.
Der Angriff
, 16 September 1929.

34.
Der Angriff
, 3 and 6 October 1929, under the heading “Kampf um Berlin.”

35.
Der Angriff
, 13 October 1929 with a detailed program (17–25 October); 20 October (on the ban), 24 October (under the heading “Kampf um Berlin”: on developments): TB, 19 October 1929 (on the ban); see also Ehls,
Protest und Propaganda
, 154.

36.
TB, 11 September 1929.

37.
TB, 12–14 September 1929.

38.
Der Kampf gegen Young. Eine Sache des deutschen Arbeiters. Rede von Dr. Joseph Goebbels, M.d.R., gehalten am 26. September 1929 im Kriegervereinshaus Berlin
.

39.
Jung,
Demokratie
, 116f.

40.
Jung,
Demokratie
, 128ff.; Turner,
Die Großunternehmer und der Aufstieg Hitlers
, 141.

41.
TB, 20, 21, and 23 October 1929.

42.
TB, 28 October 1929.

43.
TB, 31 October, 1 November 1929.

44.
TB, 3 December 1929.

45.
Der Angriff
, 3 November 1939

46.
Der Angriff
, 24 November 1929 (Kampf um Berlin, about the Standarte IV’s propaganda trip to Wedding); Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 107: On 17 November for the first time the whole of the SA was deployed in house-to-house propaganda.

47.
Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Berlin 1930
, 347ff.

48.
Stadtverordneten-Versammlung der Stadt Berlin 1930
, 54f.; Reuth,
Goebbels
, 156.

49.
Jung,
Demokratie
, 122ff.

50.
TB, 8 January 1930.

51.
TB, 14 March 1930.

52.
LA Berlin, A Rep. 358-01/6015, Bericht der Abt. I A des Pol. Präs. of 2 April 1930; TB, 15 March 1930.

53.
Der Angriff
, 16 March 1931.

54.
LA Berlin, A Rep 358-01/6015, verdict of 31 May 1930 and the indictment of 8 May 1930 and the institution of legal proceedings by the president on 31 December 1929;
VZ
, 1 June 1930, “Die Klage des Reichspräsidenten. Klamauk um Goebbels.”

55.
TB, 1 June 1930; see also 30 and 31 May 1930.

56.
Der Angriff
, 14 November 1929, reported on the funeral service carried out under the auspices of the Berlin NSDAP (Kampf um Berlin).

57.
Der Angriff
, 14 November 1929.

58.
TB, 11 November 1929.

59.
TB, 29 May, 4 June 1928.

60.
TB, 24 and 29 November, 7 December 1929; on the death of his father, see also 8 December 1929.

61.
TB, 11 December 1929.

62.
TB, 8 and 11 December (quotation) 1929.

63.
TB, 17 December 1929; see also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 148.

64.
TB, 19, 23, and 30 December; Reuth,
Goebbels
, 157ff.

65.
TB, 29 September 1929; also 16 January, 15 March, 5 April, also 28 April, 14 May 1929.

66.
Siemens,
Horst Wessel;
Oertel,
Horst Wessel
.

67.
TB, 15 January 1930.

68.
TB, 19 January 1930.

69.
On the cult of death and heroism associated with Wessel, see Siemens,
Wessel
, 131ff.

70.
Der Angriff
, 3 March 1930; on the riotous scenes surrounding the funeral, see Oertel,
Wessel
, 106ff. On the cult around Wessel and the other Nazi party deaths in Berlin, see Behrenbeck,
Der Tod um die toten Helden
, esp. 119ff.

71.
As at the funeral and in an article in
Der Angriff
of 25 February 1930. Oertel,
Wessel
, 106ff.

72.
Der Angriff
, 6 March 1930, “Bis zur Neige.”

73.
On his plans, see TB, 2 May, 5 July, 12 September 1929; Reuth,
Goebbels
, 164.

74.
TB, 20 October 1929.

75.
TB, 6 December 1929.

76.
TB, 13 January 1930; see also 17 January 1930.

77.
TB, 24 and 25 January 1930.

78.
TB, 29 and 30 January 1930.

79.
TB, 31 January 1930.

80.
TB, 5 and 6 February 1930;
VB
, 5 February 1930, Hitler’s announcement of a Berlin edition of the
VB
.

81.
TB, 15 February 1930, also 8 February.

82.
TB, 16 February 1930.

83.
VB
, 16/17 February 1930. Hitler was emphasizing here the preeminence of the Party’s central publishing house “in contrast to private publishers who publish Nazi newspapers or literature”; TB, 18 February 1930.

84.
TB, 20 February 1930.

85.
TB, 22 February 1930.

86.
TB, 2 March 1930.

87.
On Göring’s and Lippert’s negotiations in Munich, see TB, 5 March 1930. See also 8 March 1930.

88.
TB, 16 March 1930; on his disappointment, see also 20 and 28 March 1930 (quotation).

89.
TB, 5 March 1930.

90.
TB, 23 March 1930.

91.
TB, 1, 4, 5, and 14 April 1930.

92.
TB, 25 April 1930.

93.
Winkler,
Weimar
, 359ff.

94.
TB, 1 April 1930.

95.
TB, 4 April 1930.

96.
Der Angriff
, 6 April 1930, “Hugenberg” (editorial).

97.
Winkler,
Weimar
, 378.

98.
TB, 13 April 1930.

99.
TB, 28 April 1930. On Hitler’s speech, see
RSA
III/3, doc. 38.

100.
TB, 2, 12, and 24 May 1930.

101.
TB, 2 and 24 May 1930: “Himmler is still too preoccupied with detail. He has no wider vision.”

102.
TB, 27 May 1930.

103.
TB, 24 May 1930; Paul,
Aufstand
, 70. This refers to Fritz Reinhardt, who had opened a speakers’ school for the NSDAP in 1928.

104.
TB, 2 and 3 May 1930; BAB, NS 26/133, NS-Führerbriefe July 1930, Hans-Severus Ziegler,
Ein Besuch beim Berliner Gau;
Reuth,
Goebbels
, p 163.

105.
TB, 3 and 4 May 1930. On the Strasser crisis, see also Kershaw,
Hitler. 1889–1936
, 412ff.;
Reuth, Goebbels
, 163ff.

106.
TB, 20, 22, and 24 May 1930.

107.
TB, 22 May 1930: “Yesterday and today he had long talks with Dr. Strasser. The latter gives the impression of being completely rootless and inorganic, an intellectual white Jew, totally incapable of organization, a Marxist of the first order”; Strasser,
Ministersessel oder Revolution;
Tyrell,
Führer
, 314.

108.
TB, 29 May 1930.

109.
TB, 12, 14, and 23 June 1930.

110.
Der Angriff
, 3 July 1930, printed Hitler’s letter to Goebbels of 30 June 1930, in which the Party leader authorized him to carry out a “ruthless purge” of the Berlin Party organization.

111.
TB, 26 June 1930; on the exclusions, see 27 and 28 June 1930.

112.
TB, 26 June 1930.

113.
TB, 1 July 1930; Kissenkoetter,
Gregor Straßer und die NSDAP
, 44f.

114.
TB, 1 and 3 July 1930;
Der Angriff
, 3 July 1930.

115.
TB, 3 July 1930.

116.
TB, 6 July 1930; on the crisis, see also 5 July 1930;
Der Angriff
, 6 July 1930, with a statement by Hitler of 4 July, according to which the newspapers of the Kampf-verlag should be regarded as “opposition newspapers”; Wörtz,
Programmatik
, 34ff.

1.
TB, 18 July 1930.

2.
TB, 18 and 20 July 1930. On the dissolution of the Reichstag and its background, see Winkler,
Weimar
, 378ff.

3.
TB, 20 July 1930.

4.
TB, 23 July 1930.

5.
TB, 28 and 29 July 1930. See also Goebbels’s report on the meeting in
Der Angriff
of 2 August 1930: “Es kann losgehen.” On the dissolution of parliament and the election campaign, see also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 168f.; Paul,
Aufstand der Bilder
, 73.

6.
TB, 29 July, 2 August 1930.

7.
This is revealed by the replies to a questionnaire that Goebbels sent to the Gaus in May 1930; NS 18/5010; see Mühlenfeld, “Zur Bedeutung der NS-Propaganda,” 98. Goebbels undertook serious attempts to reorganize the propaganda machine only at the beginning of 1931; see 158f.

8.
On the election campaign, see Lau,
Wahlkämpfe der Weimarer Republik
, 420ff.; Hacket,
The Nazi Party in the Reichstag Election of 1930;
Paul,
Aufstand
, 90f., which also includes reproductions of the posters, nos. 51 and 48; Goebbels’s circular of 23 July 1930 (long quotations in Paul,
Aufstand
, 90f., former NL Streicher in the BAK); circular of 15 August 1930 in BHStA Varia, 1425.

9.
TB, 13 August 1930;
Der Angriff
, 14 August 1930, “Dr. Goebbels freigesprochen” (headline); BAK, NL 1548/2, Lebenserinnerungen des Rechtsanwalts Rüdiger Graf v. d. Goltz, vol. 2, 171ff.

10.
TB, 1 August 1930; the speech of 20 June 1927 is commented on in a report of the Reich Commissioner for the Supervision of Public Order of autumn 1927 published
in Deuerlein (ed.),
Der Aufstieg der NSDAP in Augenzeugenberichten
, 286ff.; BAB, NS 26/2512, correspondence of the Reich Court with Munich police headquarters; Thacker,
Goebbels
, 111f., gives further details.

11.
TB, 5 and 6 July 1930; BAK, NL 1548/2, 168ff.

12.
TB, 17 July 1930.

13.
TB, 9 August 1930.

14.
VZ
, 15 August 1930, “Goebbels freigesprochen.” See also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 170.

15.
TB, 15 July 1930.

16.
TB, 17 August 1930;
Der Angriff
, 29 December 1930, Politisches Tagebuch; LA Berlin, A Rep 358-01/25, indictment of 16 May 1930, verdict of 16 August 1930. On the reporting of the trial, see
Der Angriff
, 17 August 1930.

17.
TB, 8 August 1930.

18.
TB, 12 August 1930.

19.
TB, 17 August 1930.

20.
TB, 30 August 1930. On the Stennes rebellion of summer 1930, see Reuth,
Goebbels
, 171ff.

21.
Der Angriff
, 31 August 1930, “Der Sieg wird unser sein!” (headline).

22.
LA Berlin, A Rep. 358-01/47, verdict of the Magistrate’s court of 1 September 1930.

23.
RSA
III/3, doc. 99, telegram to von Pfeffer, 1 September 1930 and docs. 101 and 102, instructions of 2 September 1930.

24.
RSA
III/3, doc. 100.

25.
TB, 8 September 1930 on the previous day. See also Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 139, and
Der Angriff
, 11 September 1930, “Riesenpropaganda der ‘meuternden’ S.A.” The article reported that the SA had been driven through Berlin on 26 trucks, of which 24 had trailers.

26.
TB, 11 September 1930;
VB
(B), 12 September 1930, “Adolf Hitler im Sportpalast,” Reuth,
Goebbels
, 173f.

27.
TB, 11 September 1930.

28.
TB, 12 September 1930.

29.
TB, 14 September 1930: “I’m expecting a big victory.”

30.
Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Berlin
7 (1931), 339ff.

31.
TB, 15 September 1930.

32.
Der Angriff
, 18 September 1930, “Unser der Sieg”; on the election victory, see also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 174.

33.
TB, 18 September 1930.

34.
TB, 21 Sepember 1930.

35.
TB, 2 October 1930; see also 9 October 1930 about a Gauleiter meeting at which there was a very “hostile mood” toward the SA leadership.

36.
TB, 26 September 1930; Bucher,
Der Reichswehrprozeß
.

37.
TB, 23 September 1930.

38.
On the meeting, see Pünder,
Politik in der Reichskanzlei
, 64f.; Brüning,
Memoiren 1918–1934
, 200ff.; Krebs,
Tendenzen und Gestalten
, 140f., on the background to the meeting. See also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 177.

39.
TB, 6 October 1930. On 5 October in
Der Angriff
Goebbels had demanded the NSDAP’s participation in the Prussian government as a precondition for the NSDAP taking part in government.

40.
TB, 12 October 1930.

41.
TB, 11 October 1930; VZ, 14 October 1930.

42.
Der Angriff
, 16 October 1930, “Wie Goebbels in den Reichstag kam.”

43.
TB, 14 October 1930.

44.
TB, 23 September 1930, also 21 September 1930.

45.
TB, 27 September 1930; see also 28 September 1930. On the reorganization of
Der Angriff
as a daily, see Reuth,
Goebbels
, 181.

46.
TB, 9 October 1930.

47.
Der Angriff
, 1 November 1930; TB, 2 November 1930.

48.
TB, 12 November 1930.

49.
TB, 27 November 1930.

50.
Longerich,
Geschichte der SA
, 45ff.

51.
Longerich,
Geschichte der SA
, 108; TB, 28 November, 2 December 1931 (on the appointment).

52.
TB, 6 December 1930;
VZ
, 7 December 1930, “Stinkbomben gegen den Remarque-Film” (a review of the film had appeared the day before). On the campaign, see Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 145; Reuth,
Goebbels
, 182f.; Dörp, “Goebbels’ Kampf gegen Remarque.” Goebbels had read the book the previous year and had loathed it; see TB, 21 and 23 July 1929.

53.
Der Angriff
, 8 December 1930, “Heraus zum Protest!”

54.
TB, 9 December 1930;
VZ
, 9 December 1930, “Die Krawalle beim Remarque-Film”; see also the report in the
Berliner Lokalanzeiger
, 9 December 1930.

55.
TB, 10 December 1930;
VZ
, 10 December 1930, “Herrschaft der Straße.”

56.
VZ
, 12 December 1930, “Remarque-Film verboten”; TB, 12 December 1930.

57.
TB, 14 December 1930, also 13 December.

58.
TB, 18 January 1931. On the increased activism at the beginning of 1931, see Reuth,
Goebbels
, 187.

59.
TB, 23 January 1931; Engelbrechten,
Armee
, 148; Reschke,
Der Kampf der Nationalsozialisten
, 92ff.

60.
VZ
, 24 January 1931.

61.
Der Angriff
, 23, 24 (quotation), 26, 27 (quotation), 31 January, 2 February 1931.

62.
VZ
, 3 February 1931, “Die Waffen nieder! Blutiges Wochenende.”

63.
TB, 11 January 1931. See also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 188.

64.
TB, 20 January 1931.

65.
TB, 11, 20, and 23 January 1931.

66.
TB, 23 February 1931.

67.
The TB entries in 1930 often include invitations to the Görings or visits together to the theater and the like, e.g., 8, 20, and 30 January, 8 and 12 February, 2, 13, 19, and 21 March, 1 and 7 April, 3 and 26 May, 1, 15–17, and 25 June, 2 and 16 July, 18 and 24 August, 11, 15, 22, 23, 29, and 30 September, 1 and 30 October, 17 and 19 November, 4 and 25 December.

68.
TB, 18–24 April 1930.

69.
TB, 4 January 1931; on the dispute with Göring, see also 3 January 1931.

70.
TB, 20 February 1931.

71.
TB, 18 January 1931.

72.
TB, 12 and 28 January, 21 (conversation with Kaufmann) and 23 February, 1 March 1931.

73.
TB, 13 and 22 January, 20 February 1931.

74.
TB, 21 February 1931.

75.
TB, 16 March 1931

76.
TB, 26 February 1931.

77.
TB, 15 January 1931.

78.
TB, 27 February 1931.

79.
TB, 4 March 1931.

80.
TB, 6 March 1931.

81.
TB, 6 March 1931.

82.
TB, 25 March 1931. See also 26 February 1931. “Poor old Hitler! He must escape from the Munich Milieu.”

83.
“Wirtschaftsprogramm,”
Der Angriff
, 12 October 1930, also already in “Weiter arbeiten!,” 28 September 1930.

84.
TB, 17 December 1930.

85.
TB, 13 and 16 March 1931; Höver,
Goebbels
, 335ff.; the paper is published in Barkai, “Wirtschaftliche Grundanschauungen und Ziele der N.S.D.A.P.,” 373ff.

86.
TB, 17 March 1931; Reupke,
Der Nationalsozialismus und die Wirtschaft;
against Reupke, also TB, 23 and 28 March 1931.

87.
TB, 25 March 1931.

88.
TB, 14 March 1931.

89.
Der Angriff
, 14 March 1931, “Attentat auf Dr. Goebbels.”

90.
LA Berlin, A Rep 358-01/509, police interviews with former Party workers Weiss and Francke, 8 and 12 May 1931; Abteilung IA, report of 27 March 1931: “Thus all in all there is the suspicion that the attack on Dr. Goebbels was carried out by the NSDAP as a propaganda exercise”;
VZ
, 5 May 1931, “Die Bombe für Goebbels. Ein plumper Reklametrick. Wie ‘Attentate’ gemacht werden”; Reuth,
Goebbels
, 189f. and 195.

91.
TB, 19 and 21 March 1931;
Der Angriff
, 20 March: “Dr. Goebbels darf sprechen—aber nur vor fünf Männern” (headline), here too an editorial by Goebbels: “Wie sollen wir’s machen?”; 21 March 1931, “Gummiknüppel auf Dr. Goebbels—Unerhörte Vorgänge in Königsberg” (headline); see also Goebbels’s editorial “Die Freiheit des Wortes”; 24 March 1931, “Allgemeines Redeverbot für Dr. Goebbels”; 25 March 1931, “Die Versammlungswelle steigt: Polizei besteht auf rechtswidrigem Redeverbot” (headline).

92.
RGBl
. 1931 I, 79ff., Reich Presidential Decree Against Political Disorder;
Der Angriff
, 31 March 1931, editorial in which Goebbels writes of a “Brüning dictatorship”; see also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 191.

93.
TB, 28 March 1931, and 29 March 1931.

94.
TB, 29 March 1931.

95.
TB, 31 March 1931.

96.
Der Angriff
, 1 April 1931, “Hauptmann Stennes nicht abgesetzt! Eine Erklärung an die Presse” (headline);
VZ
, 2 April 1931, “Führerkrise im Hitler-Lager” (headline).

97.
TB, 2 April 1931. On the conflict, see also Reuth,
Goebbels
, 192ff.

98.
Der Angriff
, 2 April 1931, “Kampf um den Nationalsozialismus” (headline). The full wording of this assignment of authority was published in the
VB
(Bavaria), in the form of a letter from Hitler to Goebbels, 3 April 1931.

99.
TB, 4 April 1931. On the course of the coup, see also the detailed reports of the
VZ
during these days. The
VB
began its reporting of these events on 3 April and was already announcing that the coup had collapsed on 5 April (Bavarian edition).

100.
This behavior prompted the
VZ
to publish an ironic article on 11 April, (“Goebbels meldet sich”).

101.
TB, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 April 1931.

102.
VZ
, 8 April 1931, “Goebbels läßt Stennes pfänden.”

103.
Der Angriff
, 7 April 1931, “Alles steht fest hinter dem Führer Adolf Hitler” (headline), see also “Der S.A. Konflikt” editorial.

104.
TB, 16 also 15 April 1931.

105.
TB, 17 April 1931;
Der Angriff
, 20 April 1931, “Die S.A. marschiert im Sportpalast.”

106.
LA Berlin, A Rep. 358-01/2, Minister of Justice to the General Prosecutor at the Supreme Court, 23 February 1931.

107.
Reuth,
Goebbels
, 198ff.; TB, 10 February 1930.

108.
A Rep 358-01/2, verdict of the Berlin-Mitte Magistrates’ Court of 14 April 1931 and A Rep 358-01/2517, verdict of the Berlin-Mitte Magistrates’ Court of 14 April 1931;
Der Angriff
, 15 April 1931; TB, 15 April 1931.

109.
TB, 18 April 1931.

110.
A Rep 358-01/23, vol. 2, verdict of the Berlin Provincial Court, 17 April 1931.

111.
TB, 28 April 1931; A Rep 358-01/3, Prosecutor at the LG III, 27 April 1931 to the Police President Abt IA; report of the Berlin detective of 12 May 1931.

112.
LA Berlin, A Rep 358-01/39, vol. 4, verdict of 29 April, after the proceedings of 27, 28, and 29 and A Rep 358-01/39, vol. 12, verdict of 27 April 1931. TB, 30 April 1931: Departing from the sentences imposed, Goebbels mentions here a second fine of 1000 RM. See Reuth,
Goebbels
, 200ff. His appeal against the fine of 1,500 RM was rejected: TB, 3 June 1931; A Rep. 358-01/2 appeal proceedings on 2 June 1931.

113.
TB, 2 May 1931.

114.
Der Angriff
, 20 April 1931, “Prozesse” editorial.

115.
Paul,
Aufstand
, 69ff.; TB, 12 November 1930.

116.
BAB, NS 18/882, 15 January 1931; see Paul,
Aufstand
, 78.

117.
TB, 28 April 1931.

118.
Unser Wille und Weg
, 2, May 1931, “Organisatorisches, Richtlinien der Reichspropagandaleitung,” 43–63.