Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory (50 page)

V

Velde, Esaias van de, 126

Vermeer, Jan, 144;
Young Lady Playing the Clavecin
,
121

Vermuyden, Cornelius, 237–8

Vermuyden, Cornelius, jr, 237

Versailles: garden, 242, 245–6

Visscher, Maria Tesselschade, 149

Vrijburg Palace, Recife, 253–6

W

Waller, Richard, 280–2, 314–15

Wallis, John, 289, 315

Walter, Lucy, 77

Webb, Colonel William,
114
, 116

Weede, Everard van
see
Dijkvelt, Everard van Weede van

Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, 210

West Indies: African slaves in, 327

Westerschelling, 285

Westphalia, Treaty of (1648), 88

White, John, 31

White Mountain, battle of the (1620), 87, 229

Whitehall: guarded by Dutch troops, 23

Whitehall Palace: Banqueting Hall decoration and paintings, 135, 140

Wicquefort, Joachim of (Joachim Factor), 180, 182

Wildens, Jan, 126

Wilhem, Constantia de (
née
Huygens), 152, 154, 211

Wilhem, David de, 211

Wilkins, John, Bishop of Chester, 273, 280, 282, 302, 305

Willem Frederik, Stadholder
see
Nassau-Dietz, Willem Frederik van, Stadholder of Friesland

William II, Prince of Orange: marriage, 67, 85, 111; court, 81, 85–6; death, 113,
119
, 139, 185–6, 191

William III (of Orange), King of England, Scotland and Ireland: invasion of England (1688), 1,
2–3
, 4–7, 10–11, 26, 42, 47, 79, 292; strength of forces, 8–9; progress to and arrival in London, 15–16, 18–21,
44–5
, 47; gardening interests, 21, 23, 47–8, 51, 241, 248–9, 262; accepted as monarch, 26, 79, 349; propaganda campaign, 27–9, 31, 247; pictured,
28
,
32
,
133
, 134;
Declaration
, 29–35, 42–3, 46, 64; proposes war with France, 39; sightseeing detours on way to London, 48–50, 262; presents Suasso with painting of orange tree,
51
, 52; busts,
60
,
65
; marriage to Mary, 62, 66, 69–70,
71
, 72, 163, 182, 239, 352; regime as Stadholder, 62, 263; and succession to English throne, 62–6, 79–80, 247; and French threat, 63; art interests and collection, 118, 147–8; Dieussart figures of, 138; and Dutch paintings in Royal Collection, 144–5; asthma, 148, 248; education, 170, 204; command of English, 171; and Duarte, 178; gives wedding jewel to Mary, 180–3,
182
; birth, 191; at Hampton Court, 248–9; on Blathwayt’s dullness, 260; campaign against French, 263, 290; legitimacy to throne settled by Convention, 310; and Newton’s academic position at Cambridge, 311–12; attempts to recover money from Charles II, 350–2; and Dutch economic decline, 357;
see also
United Provinces

William, Prince of Orange (the Silent), 33, 64, 205, 229; tomb and epitaph, 354–5

Wilson, Elizabeth (wife of Daniël Mitjens), 132

Wilton House, near Salisbury, gardens, 47–50,
48
, 218–22, 262

Windsor Beauties: painted, 135

Windsor Castle: Constantijn Huygens jr inspects art in, 18; pictured,
19

Winthrop, John, jr, 316–18, 330

Witt, Cornelius and Johan de, 37, 62

Witte, Emanuel de, 337

Wolff, Pieter de, 250

women: Sir Constantijn Huygens’ regard for, 149; status in United Provinces, 154–5; in Anglo-Dutch marriages, 159–60; and science, 202

Wotton, Sir Henry, 98, 250

Wouw, Cornelia van, 134

Wren, Sir Christopher: certifies Fox’s expenditure, 17; in Royal Society, 273, 289; and Christiaan Huygens’ horological innovations, 289; Auzout wishes to meet, 298; in Paris during Hooke-Auzout controversy, 304–5; supports Stuarts, 308; on Chinese medicine, 344; letters from Sir Constantijn Huygens, 353–5; and proposed inscriptions for Monument to Great Fire, 353–4; and Leon’s model of Temple of Solomon, 356–7

Wren, Matthew, Bishop of Ely, 70

Y

York, Anne, Duchess of (
née
Hyde), 54, 64, 66, 135, 191

Z

Zuylestein, Frederick, Count van, 28

Author’s Note: Names, Money and Dates

Y
ou only have to try to buy a map of or a guidebook to the Netherlands to realise that the naming of territory in the Low Countries is fraught with difficulty. Strictly speaking, ‘Holland’ is only one of the seven provinces which have, since the end of the sixteenth century, made up the United Provinces or Dutch Republic. Most ordinary people, however, refer to that territory as ‘Holland’. In this book, which is intended for a general rather than a narrowly academic readership, I have used ‘Holland’, ‘Dutch Republic’ and ‘United Provinces’ interchangeably, and I hope that my readers will accept an occasional looseness or even vagueness about the country thus designated. I consistently refer to the people of that territory as ‘Dutch’. I have largely avoided calling the diverse and mingled community in Antwerp ‘Flemish’, because my protagonists there moved regularly between what today we know as Belgium and the northern Netherlands, which is the focus of my story. Academics will, I hope, forgive me for my occasional cartographic imprecision, in the interests of a clearly comprehensible story.

Dutch and English currency conversion in the period:

• £9 sterling = one hundred Dutch guilders.
  
• One pond Vlaams = six guilders;
  
• one guilder (fl) = twenty stuivers;
  
• one stuiver = twelve penningen
  

Two calendars were in use throughout the period this book covers. The Julian calendar was followed in England, and the revised Gregorian calendar was followed everywhere else in western Europe. The difference between them was ten days in the seventeenth century and eleven days in the eighteenth century (because England observed the year 1700 as a leap year, but the Continent of Europe did not). Thus 12 April in the Julian calendar (in England) would be 22 April in the Gregorian (in the Dutch Republic) before 1700, and 23 April after 1700.

Throughout this book I have given dates in the form appropriate to the location, unless I state otherwise. Sometimes, where correspondence I follow crosses boundaries, the difference in dates becomes significant. In those cases I have specified in brackets following a date whether it is old style (Julian) or new (Gregorian).

During the same period the civil year in England began on 25 March. In ordinary usage, however, the new year started on 1 January, as now. Thus the English civil date 14 February 1675 is 14 February 1676 according to our modern system of dating (some people in the period wrote such a date as 14 February 1675/6 for clarity). I have given all dates as if the new year began on 1 January.

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Worldly Goods

Hostage to Fortune

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Ingenious Pursuits

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The Curious Life of Robert Hooke: The Man who Measured London

The Awful End of Prince William the Silent:

The First Assassination of a Head of State with a Handgun

Copyright

GOING DUTCH.
Copyright © 2008 by Lisa Jardine.

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EPub Edition © August 2010 ISBN: 978-0-062-04338-2

Published in Great Britain in 2008 by HarperCollinsPublishers.

FIRST U.S. EDITION

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon request.

ISBN 978-0-060-77408-0

08 09 10 11 12 OFF/S.C. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Notes

1: England Invaded by the Dutch

1
Robert H. Murray (ed.),
The journal of John Stevens containing a brief account of the war in Ireland 1689–1691
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1912).

2
E.S. de Beer (ed.),
The Diary of John Evelyn
, 6 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955; reprinted 2000), 4, p.582. On Evelyn see G. Darley,
John Evelyn: Living for Ingenuity
(London: Yale University Press, 2006).

3
Hoak, ‘The Anglo–Dutch Revolution of 1688–89’, p.17.

4
Gilbert Burnet, cit. Israel and Parker, ‘Of Providence’, p.351.

5
Israel and Parker, ‘Of Providence’, p.336.

6
J.I. Israel, ‘The Dutch role in the Glorious Revolution’, in J.I. Israel (ed.),
The Anglo–Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and its World Impact
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp.105–62; 106.