Greece, Rome, and the Bill of Rights (58 page)

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Authors: Susan Ford Wiltshire

Tags: #Political Science, #General, #History, #Law, #Reference, #Civil Rights, #test

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85. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, p. 5.
86. George Forrest, "Greece: The History of the Archaic Period," in John Boardman, Jasper Griffin, and Oswyn Murray, eds.,
The Oxford History of the Classical World
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 2830.
87. Forrest, "Greece," pp. 3132. This is disputed by Mogens Hansen, who holds that the only Solonian law affecting the Ecclesia was an enactment regulating the conduct of speakers: Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, p. 135, n. 19.
88. Ostwald,
From Popular Sovereignty
, p. 27.
89. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, pp. 910.
90. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, pp. 1214.
91. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, p. 7. "Only an eccentric like Plato [
Republic
451C7B] or a mocker like Aristophanes [
Ecclesiazusae
]," says Hansen, "could take it into their heads to enfranchise women."
92. Fitzgerald, "Limitations on Freedom of Speech," p. 181.
93. Fitzgerald, "Limitations on Freedom of Speech," p. 182. Chester G. Starr,
The Birth of Athenian Democracy
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 3435, shows by way of comparison with American society in the nineteenth century that of the total census returns of 31,443,321 in the year 1860, only about 6,300,000 would have been adult white males who were eligible to voteabout 20 percent of the

 

page_204<br/>
Page 204
total population, which is close to the 18.5 percent of the total Athenian population who could participate in the assembly. Starr points out wryly that in actuality in the election of 1860 only about 4,700,000 votes were cast, and voting requires much less time and effort than attendance at the Athenian assembly.
94. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, p. 8.
95. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, p. 127.
96. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, pp. 2630.
97. P. J. Rhodes,
The Athenian Boule
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), pp. 7881.
98. Hansen,
Athenian Assembly
, p. 37.
99. Cicero,
Pro Flacco
9:
Nam si quis umquam de nostris hominibus a genere isto studio ac voluntate non abhorrens fuit, me et esse arbitror.... Verum tamen hoc dico de toto genere Graecorum: tribuo illis litteras, do multarum artium disciplinam, non adimo sermonis leporem, ingeniorum acumen, dicendi copiam, denique etiam, si qua sibi alia sumunt non repugno; testimoniorum religionem et fidem numquam ista natio coluit
.
100. Cicero,
Pro Flacco
11.
101. Cicero,
Pro Flacco
19.
102. Cicero,
Pro Flacco
15.
103. Cicero,
Pro Flacco
16 (tr. Lord).
104. Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, eds.,
Roman Civilization
, 3d ed., vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), p. 98.

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