Grey Wolf: The Escape of Adolf Hitler (61 page)

166    
Junkers Ju 290:
Baumbach,
Broken Swastika
; see also The Associated Press, Travemünde, June 16, 1945 (delayed dispatch).

166    
“flight plan”:
Thomas and Ketley,
KG 200
.

168    
“I must stay with my men”:
Baumbach,
Broken Swastika
.

168    
“dismantled”:
On June 19, 1945, the London
Daily Express
—under the headline “Is Hitler in Spain?”—described the arrival of a German trimotor aircraft carrying a mysterious passenger who was “saluted deferentially despite his civilian clothes.… His face muffled in a raincoat, the passenger stepped from the plane to the smart Nazi salute of its crew, then took off in a Spanish plane to an unknown destination. The German plane reportedly was dismantled.” See “Claim Nazi Officials Arrive in Spain,”
Telegraph Herald
, June 21, 1945,
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XidiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OXYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4599,2831598&dq=hitler-in-spain&hl=en
.

169    
“recognizable figure”:
Interrogation of Angelotty-Mackensen. There is no official record of Degrelle’s plane stopping at Tønder, but details of the flight remain obscure, and it is plausible that it could have landed there to top up its fuel tanks before the long flight south. There is a photograph of Degrelle in Oslo, standing next to a Heinkel with the identification letters “CN” visible on the fuselage.

169    
“flown by Albert Duhinger”:
http://home.arcor.de/sturmbrigade/Wallonie/Wallonie.htm
; see also
Revista Española de Historia Militar
magazine, October 2004.

169    
“crash-landed”:
The Associated Press, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, May 8, 1945.

169    
“Degrelle had spoken”:
The Associated Press, Madrid, May 25, 1945.

169    
Vidkun Quisling:
The Associated Press, Oslo, August 25, 1945.

169    
Pierre Laval:
The Associated Press, Madrid, May 2, 1945.

169    
Filippo Anfuso:
L’Unità
, Communist Party official publication, Rome, May 25, 1945.

170    
Gen. José Moscardo:
The Associated Press, Moscow, June 16, 1945. Gen. José Moscardo Ituarte was the head of Franco’s Casa Militar or military household.

170    
Robert Ley:
Interrogation of Robert Ley, Nuremberg, 1945, Interrogation Records Prepared for War Crimes Proceedings at Nuremberg, 1945–47, page 101;
http://www.footnote.com/document/231909201/
.

170    
Albert Speer:
Interrogation of Albert Speer, Flensburg; USSBS Special Document, May 22–23, 1945.

170    
Rochus Misch:
Interview,
Secret History: Hitler of the Andes
, Barking Mad Productions for Channel 4 (British public television), 2003. Only two prototypes of the six-engined Junkers Ju 390, designed as part of the so-called America-Bomber project, were ever built. One was test-flown by the Luftwaffe’s Long-Range Reconnaissance Squadron 5, but rumors of a test flight that nearly reached the U.S. coast are no longer given any credence.

170    
Zhukov and Berzarin quotes:
Eddy Gilmore, The Associated Press, “Reds Believe Hitler Alive,” Berlin, June 9, 1945, published in
Herald-Journal
, June 10, 1945,
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DV8sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_soEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4259,3091076&dq=hitler+eddy+gilmore&hl=en
.

171    
Hitler’s alleged cremation:
Erich Kempka was interrogated by U.S. agents at Berchtesgaden on June 20 and July 4, 1945; see also The Associated Press, “With the British Second Army,” May 8, 1945. The Soviets were handed or shown no fewer than six “Hitlers” in the days after the fall of Berlin. One of them had worked as a cook in the Führerbunker.

171    
the dogs:
O’Donnell,
Bunker
.

171    
Högl’s death:
Joachimstaler,
Last Days of Hitler.

172    
Müller’s funeral:
O’Donnell,
Bunker.

172    
“Bormann made his own escape”:
Beevor,
Berlin
.

172    
Tiburtius’s account:
Interview published in
Der Bund
, Bern, Switzerland, February 17, 1953, and quoted extensively in Manning,
Martin Bormann.

173    
Bormann’s evasion:
Manning,
Martin Bormann
.

Chapter 16: G
RUPPE
S
EEWOLF

175    
Gruppe Seewolf:
Clay Blair,
Hitler’s U-Boat War
, vol. 2:
The Hunted, 1941–1945
(London: Cassell, 2000).

176    
“robot bombs”:
The Associated Press, London, July 25, 1944.

176    
U-1229:
Maine Sunday Telegram
, Portland, October 29, 2000. “Commander” is our translation of the rank of
Korvettenkapitän
—see “Treatment of Military Ranks” on page xiv.

176    
“corroborated Mantel’s story”:
Report on the Interrogation of German Agents, Gimpel and Colepaugh, Landed on the Coast of Maine from U-1230, dated January 13, 1945. Op-16-Z (SC)A1-2(3)/ EF30 Serial 00170716. Located in the archives of the National Museum of the U.S. Navy, Washington, DC,
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/U-1230/
.

176    
Speer broadcast:
James P. Duffy,
Target America: Hitler’s Plan to Attack the United States
(Westport: Praeger, 2004); see also
www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/92/a3641492.shtml
.

177    
“robots from submarine, airplane or surface ship”:
The Associated Press, “An East Coast Port,” published in
Deseret [Utah] News
, January 8, 1945.

177    
“V-1 scare”:
New York Times,
“Robot Bomb Attacks Here Held ‘Probable’ by Admiral,” January 8, 1945,
http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C16F93A5C1B7B93CBA9178AD85F418485F9&scp=2&sq=V-1&st=p
.

177    
“British Admiralty cable”:
Duffy,
Target America.

177    
sea-launched V-1:
“Hitler’s Rocket U-boat Program: History of WW2 rocket submarine,”
http://www.Uboataces.com
. It was not surprising that the United States took the threat seriously; it had managed to reverse engineer the V-1 in just four months, producing the JB-2 Thunderbug. Personnel from the Special Weapons Branch at Wright Field launched a first prototype in October 1944 at Eglin Field, the USAAF base in southwest Florida. The USAAF were enthusiastic about the results achieved by air launches with the B-17 and B-29, but their large production order was cancelled on VJ-Day. Of some thousand JB-2s produced, three hundred were converted for naval use; the improved KUV-1 Loon was first launched from the submarine USS
Cusk
in January 1946. See Mark Fisher, “American Buzz Bombs: An Incomplete History,”
http://mcfisher.0catch.com/scratch/v1/v1-0.htm
.

179    
“U-boat Command’s transmissions”:
The radio traffic from each U-boat can be found in The National Archives, Kew, London, filed under HW 18. For U-880, see HW 18/400; for U-530, see HW 18/406; for U-518, see HW 18/410; and for U-1235, see HW 18/431.The weekly antisubmarine situation reports are in D. Syrett,
The Battle of the Atlantic and Signals Intelligence: U-boat Situations and Trends
(Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 1998).

179    
“well documented and correct”:
Blair,
Hitler’s U-boat War.

180    
“treated with great and repeated brutality”:
Philip K. Lundeberg, “Operation Teardrop Revisited,” in Timothy J. Runyan and Jan M. Copes,
To Die Gallantly: The Battle of the Atlantic
(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).

180    
“no physical evidence of its destruction”:
Syrett,
Battle of the Atlantic
; also Michael Gannon,
Operation Drumbeat: The Dramatic True Story of Germany’s First U-boat Attacks Along the American Coast in World War II
(New York: Harper Perennial, 1991).

181    
Rodger Winn memorandum:
Gannon,
Operation Drumbeat.
Sir Charles Rodger Noel Winn, CB, OBE, QC (1903–72)—a prewar judge, crippled by childhood polio—made a whole range of probably unparalleled contributions to Allied victory in the Second Battle of the Atlantic, but there is no room here for more than the briefest note on his extraordinary career. While still a civilian, he was reassigned from prisoner interrogation to the Submarine Tracking Room (part of the Operational Intelligence Centre), where he quickly mastered the U-boats’ tactics and could frequently predict their actions. Consequently, he was promoted to command the Tracking Room with the temporary rank of commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve—unprecedented for someone without formal naval officer’s training.

182    
“surrendered to the authorities”:
Good histories of Operation Teardrop can be found in Blair,
Hitler’s U-boat War
, and Lundeberg, “Operation Teardrop Revisited.”

183    
“recovered the Enigma machine”:
http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/10/enigma/enigma12.htm
. Francis Harry Hinsley, OBE (1918–98) was an English cryptanalyst at Bletchley Park, who among his other contributions helped initiate a program of seizing Enigma machines and documents from German weather ships. This facilitated the resumption of the decryption of Kriegsmarine Enigma traffic after the interruption in 1942–43.