Here Is a Human Being (42 page)

2.
Interview with Walter Gilbert, January 16, 2007.

3.
G. L. Trainor, “DNA sequencing, automation, and the human genome,”
Analytical Chemistry,
1990, 62(5): 418–26.

4.
B. L. Karger and A. Guttman, “DNA sequencing by CE,”
Electrophoresis,
2009, 30 Suppl 1: S196–202.

5.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6656/is_21_8/ai_n28763368/.

6.
J. Shreeve,
The Genome War: How Craig Venter Tried to Capture the Code of Life and Save the World
(New York: Knopf, 2004).

7.
Interview with Steve Lombardi, March 11, 2008.

8.
Ibid.

9.
Interview with Andy Watson, September 16, 2009.

10.
http://hum-molgen.org/NewsGen/09-2003/000037.html.

11.
http://www.genome.gov/12513210.

12.
http://genomics.xprize.org/press-release/x-prize-foundation-announces-largest-medical-prize-in-history.

13.
Interview with George Church, December 6, 2007.

14.
Ibid.

15.
Interview with Ian Goodhead, February 8, 2007.

16.
K. Davies, “454's Rothberg speaks about ‘sequencing by synthesis,’ “
Bio-IT World,
August 18, 2005.

17.
J. M. Rothberg and J. H. Leamon, “The development and impact of 454 sequencing,”
Nature Biotechnology,
2008, 26(10): 1117–24.

18.
M. Margulies, M. Egholm, W. E. Altman, et al., “Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors,”
Nature,
2005, 437(7057): 376–80.

19.
M. L. Metzker, “Sequencing technologies—the next generation,”
Nature Reviews Genetics,
2010, 11(1): 31–46.

20.
Margulies, Egholm, Altman, et al., “Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors.”

21.
http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid=658&chid=2.

22.
K. Davies, “454's Rothberg speaks about ‘sequencing by synthesis.'”

23.
http://www.454.com/about-454/news/index.asp?display=detail&id=66.

24.
Interview with Chad Nusbaum, October 21, 2008.

25.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/deco_lander.html.

26.
E. Pennisi, “Genomics: Semiconductors inspire new sequencing technologies.”
Science,
2010, 327(5970): 1190.

27.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

28.
L. Braslavsky, B. Hebert, E. Kartalov, and S. R. Quake, “Sequence information can be obtained from single DNA molecules,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
2003, 100(7): 3960–64.

29.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

30.
K. B. Mullis, “The unusual origin of the polymerase chain reaction,”
Scientific American,
1990, 262(4): 56–61, 64–65.

31.
Y. M. Lo and K. C. Chan, “Introduction to the polymerase chain reaction,”
Methods in Molecular Biology,
2006, 336: 1–10.

32.
K. B. Mullis,
Dancing Naked in the Mind Field,
1st ed. (New York: Pantheon, 1998).

33.
Interview with Jay Shendure, October 28, 2006.

34.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

35.
Ibid.

36.
Ibid.

37.
http://ir.helicosbio.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=236436.

38.
Interview with Tim Harris, October 22, 2009.

39.
http://ir.helicosbio.com/scientific_advisory.cfm.

40.
http://ir.helicosbio.com/committees.cfm?bio=15416.

41.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

42.
Interview with Steve Lombardi, October 26, 2006.

43.
H. Auer, D. L. Newsom, and K. Kornacker, “Expression profiling using Affymetrix genechip microarrays,”
Methods in Molecular Biology,
2009, 509: 35–46.

44.
G. G. Marcial, “Fast growth at Illumina is in the genes,”
BusinessWeek,
February 20, 2006.

45.
"New chips on the block; case history,”
Economist,
December 2, 2006.

46.
Interview with Steve Lombardi, October 26, 2006.

47.
Ibid.

48.
Ibid.

49.
http://www.genengnews.com/news/bnitem.aspx?name=14953823.

50.
C. Shaffer, “Next-generation sequencing outpaces expectations,”
Nature Biotechnology,
2007, 25(2): 149.

51.
http://google.brand.edgar-online.com/EFX_dll/EDGARpro.dll?FetchFiling HTML1?SessionID=QthBWO6BpJMDMKO&ID=5353168-44499-73147.

52.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

53.
Ibid.

54.
Interview with John Sullivan, March 10, 2008.

55.
Interview with Un Kwon-Casado, December 6, 2007.

56.
Interview with Steve Lombardi, February 8, 2007.

57.
Interview with Tim Harris, October 22, 2009.

58.
Interview with Kevin Shianna, February 9, 2007.

59.
Interview with Un Kwon-Casado, December 6, 2007.

60.
Ibid.

61.
Interview with Chad Nusbaum, February 8, 2008.

62.
Interview with Un Kwon-Casado, December 6, 2007.

63.
Interview with Aravinda Chakravarti, February 7, 2007.

CHAPTER 6: AND THEN THERE WERE TEN

1.
http://www.edventure.com.

2.
http://www.ned.org/about/about.html.

3.
Interview with Esther Dyson, September 7, 2007.

4.
http://www.edge.org/documents/digerati/Dyson.html.

5.
http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/8640.

6.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/esther-dyson/release-09-knowledge-forc_b_61594.html.

7.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118532736853177075.html.

8.
Interview with Esther Dyson, September 7, 2007.

9.
Ibid.

10.
Interview with Esther Dyson, October 20, 2008.

11.
Interview with Ting Wu, July 17, 2007.

12.
Interview with Marie Wu, July 17, 2007.

13.
http://www.personalgenomes.org//files/10/25/84/f102584/public/5.html.

14.
http://www.cabrimed.org/book.jsp.

15.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 18, 2007.

16.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week952/feature.html.

17.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 18, 2007.

18.
Ibid.

19.
Ibid.

20.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/25/newsid_249000/2499411.stm.

21.
J. Cohen, A. Trounson, K. Dawson, et al., “The early days of IVF outside the UK,”
Human Reproduction Update,
2005, 11(5): 439–59.

22.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 18, 2007.

23.
J. V. Linden and G. Centola, “New American Association of Tissue Banks standards for semen banking,”
Fertility & Sterility,
1997, 68(4): 597–600.

24.
D. E. Pegg, “The history and principles of cryopreservation,”
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine,
2002, 20(1): 5–13.

25.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 18, 2007.

26.
Ibid.

27.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0511/27/sm.02.html.

28.
M. Booth, “Boy wonder,”
Denver Post,
November 28, 2004.

29.
http://www.donorsiblingregistry.com/about.php.

30.
A. Motluk, “Anonymous sperm donor traced on Internet,”
New Scientist,
November 3, 2005; S. Kotler, “The god of sperm,”
LA Weekly,
September 27, 2007.

31.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 18, 2007.

32.
Email from Kirk Maxey, December 2, 2008.

33.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 17, 2007.

34.
Ibid.

35.
http://www.cabrimed.org/donorconceivedservices.jsp.

36.
Interview with Kirk Maxey, July 17, 2007.

37.
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatory Information/Guidances/Tissue/ucm073964.htm.

38.
http://www.aatb.org/AF_accreditedBank.asp.

39.
S. Kotler, “The god of sperm.”

40.
A. Motluk, “Who’s the daddy? US sperm banks must be better regulated,”
New Scientist,
August 9, 2007.

41.
C. Dyer, “Experts suggest ways to tackle shortage of sperm donors,”
BMJ,
2009, 338: b2620.

42.
E. Ekerhovd, A. Faurskov, and C. Werner, “Swedish sperm donors are driven by altruism, but shortage of sperm donors leads to reproductive travelling,”
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences,
2008, 113(3): 305–13.

43.
Email from Kirk Maxey, December 2, 2008.

44.
S. Kotler, “The god of sperm"; J. Wolff, “The truth about donor 1084,”
SELF,
October 2006.

45.
http://www.spermbankinformation.com/2008/07/27/national-sperm-donor-registry/.

46.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week952/feature.html.

47.
K. Maxey,
Pig Blood
(Ann Arbor, Mich.: Cayman Biomedical Research Institute, 2006).

48.
R. Lehmann-Haupt, “Mapping the god of sperm,”
Newsweek,
December 16, 2009.

49.
Email from Kirk Maxey, December 1, 2008.

50.
Email from Kirk Maxey, December 2, 2008.

51.
Ibid.

52.
Ibid.

53.
Interview with George Church, June 6, 2007.

54.
Email from George Church to the PGP-10, May 14, 2007.

55.
Interview with George Church, June 6, 2007.

56.
Ibid.

57.
Ibid.

58.
Ibid.

59.
Email from George Church to the PGP-10, May 14, 2007.

60.
Interview with George Church, March 10, 2008.

61.
http://www.improb.com/projects/hair/hair-club-top.html.

62.
pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/articles/media/2004_08_salon.pdf.

63.
J. Crace, “Steven Pinker: The evolutionary man,” guardian.co.uk, June 17, 2008.

64.
pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/ … /dialogue%20Pinker%20and%20McEwan.pdf.

65.
S. Paulson, “Proud atheists,” Salon.com, October 15, 2007.

66.
Interview with Steve Pinker, October 20, 2008.

67.
S. Pinker, “My genome, my self,”
New York Times Magazine,
January 7, 2009.

68.
Interview with Steve Pinker, October 20, 2008.

69.
Interview with Keith Batchelder, July 17, 2007.

70.
http://www.personalgenomes.org//files/10/25/84/f102584/public/7.html.

71.
Interview with Keith Batchelder, July 17, 2007.

72.
Ibid.

73.
Ibid.

74.
First annual meeting of Personal Genome Project participants, July 17, 2007.

75.
Interview with Keith Batchelder, July 17, 2007.

76.
L. M. Hynicka, W. D. Cahoon, Jr., and B. L. Bukaveckas, “Genetic testing for warfarin therapy initiation,”
Annals of Pharmacotherapy,
2008, 42(9): 1298–303.

77.
Interview with Keith Batchelder, July 17, 2007.

78.
L. J. Lesko, “The critical path of warfarin dosing: Finding an optimal dosing strategy using pharmacogenetics,”
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics,
2008, 84(3): 301–3.

79.
Ibid.

80.
Interview with Keith Batchelder, July 17, 2007.

81.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

82.
Ibid.

83.
Ibid.

84.
Interview with Jorge Conde, October 20, 2008.

85.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

86.
Ibid.

87.
counsyl.com.

88.
Interview with Stan Lapidus, March 11, 2008.

89.
V. Nossov, M. Amneus, F. Su, et al., “The early detection of ovarian cancer: From traditional methods to proteomics. Can we really do better than serum ca-125?”
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology,
2008, 199(3): 215–23; M. Argento, P. Hoffman, and A. S. Gauchez, “Ovarian cancer detection and treatment: Current situation and future prospects,”
Anticancer Research,
2008, 28(5B): 3135–38.

90.
A. Pollack, “Cancer test for women raises hope, and concern,”
New York Times,
August 26, 2008; I. Visintin, Z. Feng, G. Longton, et al., “Diagnostic markers for early detection of ovarian cancer,”
Clinical Cancer Research,
2008, 14(4): 1065–72.

91.
D. Levenson, “The trouble with OvaSure,”
American Journal of Medical Genetics: Part A,
2009, 149A(3): viii–ix.

92.
http://therumpus.net/2009/01/what-happened-to-sheila/.

93.
Interview with Rosalynn Gill-Garrison, 20 October 2008.

94.
www.casewatch.org/hearings/dna.pdf.

95.
Interview with Rosalynn Gill-Garrison, October 20, 2008.

96.
http://gao.gov/products/GAO-06-977T.

97.
Interview with Rosalynn Gill-Garrison, October 20, 2008.

98.
M. Ritter, “Looking for a healthier diet? Testing your DNA may help,” Associated Press, October 14, 2005.

99.
www.casewatch.org/hearings/dna.pdf.

100.
Interview with Rosalynn Gill-Garrison, October 20, 2008.

101.
Ibid.

102.
Ibid. 100.

103.
http://gao.gov/products/GAO-06–977T.

104.
http://www.hgc.gov.uk/Client/document.asp?DocId=94&CAtegoryId=3.