Hitler's Bandit Hunters (76 page)

1
. Victor Klemperer,
To the Bitter End: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer 1942–45
, II, (London: Penguin, 1998), 405.

2
. NCA document 1919-PS, Metz speech, May 1940.

3
. NCA document 1919-PS, Bad Schachen, October 14, 1943.

4
. NCA document 1919-PS, Sonthofen speech 1943.

5
. NARA, RG242, T175/13/2515629-782, Gendarmerie arrest instructions for slave labourers in the area of Strasbourg border guard posts in 1943.

6
. Herbert,
Foreign Workers
, 364–70; Eric A. Johnson,
Nazi Terror: The Gestapo, Jews and Ordinary Germans
(London: John Murray, 2002), 310.

7
. NARA, RG242, T1270, roll 23, the interrogation of criminal commissar Bethke.

8
. Interview with Frank Gierllen, May 10, 2000. Gierllen, a veteran Belgium resistance fighter, confirmed Soviet resistance factions operated across the German border near Aachen.

9
. PRO, HW 16/98, History of the German Police W/T Network, July 1945, 20.

10
. MacLean,
The Cruel Hunters
, 57–66. During his time in Kraków, Dirlewanger was known to have conducted security actions against insurgents rooted in the Polish forests.

11
. BA R19/462, Gendarmerie-Hauptmannschaft Radom, Einsatzbericht über den Einsatz am 29 November 1942 im Walde ostwaerts Lubionia 12 km südlich von Ilza, 30 November 1942.

12
. BA-MA, RL 21/243, office of Oberst Kollee, from January 1, 1944, Ic-situation report (Feldluftgaukommando XXV Gruppe Ic), January 9–15, 1944.

13
. Yerger,
Allgemeine-SS
, 39.

14
. NCA, document L-18, Final Report on the Solution of the Jewish Question in the District of Galicia, 756–70.

15
. Ibid.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Christopher Browning,
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
(New York: First Harper Perennial, 1998), 104.

18
. U.S. Army, Handbook, section, IV-VIII.

19
. Jürgen Stroop, “Es gibt keinen jüdischen Wohnbezirk in Warschau mehr!” published as
The Stroop Report
, trans. Sybil Milton and introduction by Andrej Wirth, (London, 1980).

20
. NCA, document 1061-PS, concluding repor May 24, 1943.

21
. PRO, WO208-4295, Scotland Papers, Report on interrogation of PW KP 2084.34 SS-Gren. Willi Hansen, March 10, 1945.

22
. PRO, WO208-4295, Report on interrogation of PW CS/689 SS-Oschaf. Anton Schaffrath, November 25, 1944.

23
. PRO, WO208-3625, PWIS(H)/KP/525, PWIS Interrogations, Kempton Park, December 1944. Report written on December 4, and signed Major MacCloud.

24
. PRO, WO208-3625, PWIS(H)/KP/239, PWIS Interrogations, Kempton Park, August 1944. Report written on August 11, and signed Major MacCloud.

25
. Mark Mazower,
Inside Hitler’s Greece: The Experience of Occupation 1941–1944
. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995), 222–4.

26
. NARA, RG242, T175/70/2586239-60 and T175/81/2601501-2034, Reichsführer-SS, 28 June 1943 and NS19/1433, “Bandenkampf-und Sicherheitslage.” Vortrag des Reichsführers-SS bei Hitler auf dem Obersalzberg am 19 June 1943.

27
. Lucy Dawidowicz,
The War against the Jews, 1939–45
(London: Penguin, 1975), 394–8.

28
. NARA, RG242, T175/81260280, Order RFSS to Hans Frank and Bach-Zelewski, June 21, 1943.

29
. Robin O’Neil,
Belzec: Prototype for the Final Solution; Hitler’s Answer to the Jewish Question
, at
http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/belzec1/bel000.html

30
. Reuben Ainsztein,
Jewish Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Eastern Europe
(London: Elek, 1974), 518–47.

31
. TVDB, 81.

32
. NCA, document 1517-PS of November 1941, and IMT-BZ, March 25, 1946, where Bach-Zelewski admitted to engineering Globocnik’s removed.

33
. PRO, WO208-4300, Scotland Papers, Report on interrogation of PW LD 1136 SS-Gruppenführer Jakob Sporrenberg, February 25, 1946.

34
. Schmauser was Bach-Zelewski’s replacement at HSSPF-Southeast.

35
. DKHH, April 10, 1941, 148.

36
. TVDB, 84.

37
. PRO, WO208-4300, Scotland Papers, Sporrenberg.

38
. Browning,
Ordinary Men
, 137–42.

39
. Gerhard L. Weinberg,
Germany, Hitler and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 228–9.

40
. Alexander Werth,
Russia at War, 1941–1945
(London: Pan, 1965), 77 and 149.

41
. JNSV, case 638. They both received life sentences from the court in Oldenburg in 1966.

42
. TVDB, 92–3, the Kovel Order for rapid deployment, January 14, 1944.

43
. Cüppers, “Lombard,” 149.

44
. NARA, RG242, BDC, A3343-SSO-275A, Gustav Lombard.

45
. Bellamy,
Evolution of Land Warfare
, 20.

46
. TVDB, 99–103.

47
. NARA, RG242, T175/81/2601886, Miscellaneous Bandenbekämpfung papers. The body count amounted to one dead, seven wounded, and one missing, from the Waffen-SS; the army, seven dead (one officer), forty-one wounded, and four missing; and the police, two officers killed, twenty-six wounded, eighty five missing (including an official and a doctor).

48
. PRO, HW16/39, GPD2383, February 2, 1944, No 1 traffic.

49
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP54, March 14, 1944 and HW16/39, GPD2378, GG3, No 1 traffic.

50
. TVDB, 98.

51
. PRO, WO 311/10, Black List of German Police, SS and Miscellaneous Party and Paramilitary Personalities, Report, September 1945.

52
. Soviet Embassy,
Soviet Government Statements on Nazi Atrocities
, 171. The town of Kolki today still stands on the River Styr, 50 kilometres east of Kovel.

53
. Andrew Borowiec,
Destroy Warsaw! Hitler’s Punishment, Stalin’s Revenge
(Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001), 73–76.

54
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter from Dr. Rapport, 11 January 1944.

55
. TVDB, 96, the letter was copied into Bach-Zelewski’s diary.

56
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter from Dr. Rapport, 22 March 1944. The letter stated, “The problem of SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach is the lack of concentration when on the toilet. He must concentrate or the sphincter cannot work.”

57
. TVDB, 98–9.

58
. TVDB, 99.

59
. NARA, RG242, T175/222/279241, Kriegstagebuch der Abteilung Ia/Mess., 21 June-21 November 1943.

60
. TVDB, 100.

61
. BA R19/321 Schnellbrief on the activities of bandits, January 21, 1944.

62
. TVDB, 74.

63
. NCA, document L-37, Collective responsibility of members of families of assassins and saboteurs, July 19, 1944.

64
. Richard C. Lukas,
Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation 1939–1944
(New York: Hippocrene, 1997).

65
. NARA, RG242, T78, roll 560, OKH, Generalstab des Heeres, Fremde Heere Ost, Die Widerstandsbewegung im Gebiet Des Ehem. Polen, 9 February 1944.

66
. NARA, RG242, T78, roll 562, OKH, Generalstab des Heeres, Fremde Heere Ost 1 July 1944.

67
. NARA, RG242, T77, roll 1421, Wehrkreiskommando Generalgouvernment, Generalmajor Haseloff, Lage im Generalgouvernement im Monat Dezember 1943, 6 January 1944.

68
. NARA, RG242, T77, roll 1421, Wehrkreiskommando Generalgouvernement, Generalmajor Haseloff.

69
. NARA, RG242, T77, roll 1421, April 1944.

70
. NARA, RG242, T77, roll 1421, Reisebericht, Oberstleutnant Ziervogel und Hauptmann Cartellieri, 25–26 July 1944.

71
. NARA, RG242, T78 roll 562, OKH, Generalstab des Heeres, Fremde Heere Ost, 1 July 1944.

72
. BA-MA, RW 41/60, Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Weissruthenien, Anlagen 1-99 zum kriegstagebuch Nr. 6 (1 January 1944 to 30 June 1944). Grundlegender Befehl Nr.22 of 1 January 1944: Bandenlage.

73
. Matthew Cooper, The German Army, 1933-1945, (Lanham: First Scarborough House, 1990), 476. Evan Cooper barely mentioned the battle.

74
. Carlo D’Este, “Model” in Correlli Barnett (ed.),
Hitler’s Generals
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), 319–34.

75
. Sydnor,
Soldiers of Destruction
, 306.

76
. W. Victor Madeja,
Russo-German War: Summer 1944
, vol. 33 (Allentown: Valor, 1987), 50.

77
. Lukas,
The Forgotten Holocaust
, 195.

78
. Norman Davies,
Rising” 44: The Battle for Warsaw
(London: Macmillan, 2003), 251-2 and 728.

79
. Günther Deschner,
Warsaw Rising
(London: Pan, 1972), 21–2.

80
. Ibid, 251.

81
. Noakes & Pridham, III, 952.

82
. Joanna K. Hanson,
The Civilian Population and the Warsaw Rising of 1944
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).

83
. TVDB, 106-7.

84
. TVDB and NARA, RG242, T175/222/2759241-50, papers referring to the transfer from the east to Salzburg.

85
. TVDB, 106 and BZ-USMT 14 August 1946.

86
. BZ-IMT, 29 January 1946.

87
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 60, May 1945.

88
. Janus Piekalkiewicz,
Kampf um Warschau: Stalins Verrat an der polnischen Heimatarmee 1944
(Munich: F.A. Herbig, 1994) and Hans von Krannhals,
Der Warschauer Aufstand 1944
(Frankfurt: Bernard & Graefe Verl.f. Wehrwesen, 1964), 300-1.

89
. PRO, WO208–3629, PWIS(H)/KP/685, PWIS Interrogations, Kempton Park, May 1, 1945.

90
. TVDB, 114-5.

91
. Syndor,
Soldiers of Destruction
, 305, NARA, RG242, T312/343/7916427–6431, Ninth Army special report “Zum Warschauer Aufstand”

92
. Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, 356.

93
. BZ-IMT, 29 January 1946.

94
. Sven Steenberg,
Vlasov
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 171–2, also Reitlinger,
The SS
, 377, Padfield,
Himmler
, 527.

95
. TVDB, 108.

96
. NARA, RG242, BDC, A3345-OSS-231, Heinz Reinefarth, letter to RFSS, 9 September 1944.

97
. Ibid.

98
. NARA, RG242, BDC, A3345-OSS-231, Heinz Reinefarth, and TVDB, 110.

99
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 61, September 1–October 31, 1944. The message was confirmed. A reply was not decrypted, sent on September 17. Himmler signalled his acknowledgment of the capture of the fortress and ordered the troops to continue attacks. He was ordered to destroy the uprising soon as everyday counted. TVDB, 110. Bach-Zelewski added in his diary, “I am curious how long we can hold Warsaw and hopefully we can have soldiers luck. Everyday is a success.”

100
. Hanson,
The Civilian Population and the Warsaw Uprising of 1944
, 85–6.

101
. BZ-IMT, January 29, 1946; and Bruce,
Warsaw Uprising
, 201.

102
. Borowiec,
Destroy Warsaw!
94.