Human Cargo (55 page)

Hammarskjold, Dag,
39

Hannan, Dr. Timothy,
138

Hanson, Pauline,
128–29

Happy (Liberian refugee),
62–63
,
66
,
81–82

Hardy, Barbara,
354

Harrell-Bond, Barbara,
5

Harding, Poul,
40
,
42

Hassan, Fakhri el,
232

Hatton, Timothy,
352

Hawke, Bob,
129

Hazaras (Afghan ethnic group),
298–301
,
309–10
,
313–16

Hema, Sister,
83–90

Henderson, Katherine,
156
,
157
,
161
,
162
,
164
,
167
,
168

Henkin, Louis,
36–37

High Commissioner for Refugees (League of Nations)

created,
33–34

See also
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Hindu Kush mountains,
312–20

poppies as crop,
314
,
358

History of Western Philosophy
(Russell),
340

Hocke, Jean-Pierre,
42–43
,
46

Hoffman, Eva,
263

Holbrooke, Richard,
48

Holland,
254

Holocaust,
264–65
,
268
,
354

home, idea of,
321
,
354

Horace,
358

Horowitz, M. J.,
266

Howard, John,
129
,
131–32
,
133
,
134
,
135
,
148
,
153–54

Hubaishi, Bassam Jamil,
254

humanitarian movement,
32–33

“humanitarian pragmatism,”
46–47

Human Rights Watch,
148
,
190

human smugglers and traffickers,
20
,
49–50
,
368

Australia and,
122–23
,
127

Britain and,
170

identities recommended by,
166

Indonesian,
124
,
127
,
154–55

Italy and
(scafisti)
,
60
,
66
,
67
lack of protection for asylum seekers using,
50

human smugglers and traffickers
(continued)

Mexico and
(coyotes)
,
84–85
,
87
,
89–90
,
92
,
98–99
,
106

Palestinian refugees and,
154

revenues from,
68

rise of,
67–68

Tunisian,
66–67

Hungarian refugees,
34

Husein (son of Anja),
323

Hussein (Iranian refugee),
142

Hussein, Saddam,
103
,
104
,
121
,
124
,
127
,
171
,
197
,
198

Hutu,
177
,
271–72

See also
Claudette; Rwandan refugees

IDENT system,
97

Ignatieff, Michael,
148

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (U.S., 1996),
100

Iman (Chaldean refugee),
105

“illegals,” Australia and,
126–27

immigrants

anti-immigration lobbies and,
51

four categories of, in U.S.,
107
n

need for, in Australia,
126

See also
refugees and asylum seekers;
and specific nationalities

Immigration Act (UK, 1999),
168

Immigration Reform and Control Act (U.S., 1986),
96

Indonesia,
130–31

Interim Dispersal Measures (Britain, 2000),
167–72

“internally displaced” people (IDPs),
47–51

defined,
47–48

excluded from Convention,
38

UNHCR and,
47–51

International Committee of the Red Cross,
32
,
42
,
251
,
310–11

International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights,
152

International Office for Migration,
39

International Organization for Migration,
355

International Refugee Organization (IRO),
35–36
,
39
,
355

International Rescue Committee

(IRC),
107
,
202–3
,
212

Iran

Afghan refugees in,
294
,
296
,
29
V,
309
,
314
,
319
,
322

as receiving country,
52

Iranian refugees,
41

Australia and,
121–25
,
136–44

Britain and,
163

resettled in Finland,
338

as torture victims,
275–77

Iraq

war of 1990s,
43

war of 2003 in,
170–72

Iraqi refugees,
41
,
144

Australia and,
122
,
127

Britain and,
170–72
,
184

Chaldeans,
103–6

resettled in Finland,
336
,
338

returnees,
352

torture victims,
272

Ireland,
175
,
176

resettlement and,
334–35

Islamic fundamentalists,
254

See also
Taliban

Israel,
220–25

Lebanon invaded by,
246
,
247
49
,
253

Liberian refugees in,
22–23
,
25
,
368–70

Liberians charged with spying for, in Egypt,
6
,
19

Palestinian refugee camps and,
222–28
,
232–34
,
236–43

See also
Naqba; Occupied Territories Israel Defense Forces,
221

Israeli Yishuv party,
229

Italian migrants, to Australia,
116–17

Italy,
72–76

boat people in,
57–61
,
62–72
,
76–82

emigration from,
73
,
116–17

and Jews,
74
,
76

migrants and,
73–74

UNHCR and Convention and,
37

Italy-Albanian agreement,
70

Ivory Coast,
216
,
370

Guinea, crossing points to,
216

as receiving country,
52

refugees from,
4
,
216–17

Izako (Liberian refugee),
14
,
189
,
209
,
368

Jabra, Jabra Ibrahim,
224

Jahan, Shah,
326

Jaivin, Linda,
149

Jan, Amir,
312
,
358

Japan,
43
,
49

Jeremiah (Sudanese refugee),
340

Jews

Australia and,
117

and the Holocaust,
264–65
,
268
,
354

Italy and,
74
,
76

resettlement attempts,
33–34
,
132

WW II and,
34–36
,
354–55

Johannes Peter (Sudanese refugee),
340

John the Baptist,
121

Johnson, Prince,
197
,
198

Jordan

Palestinian camps in,
223
,
251
,
255

Joy (Liberian refugee),
82

Kabineh (Liberian refugee),
17

Kabul, Afghanistan,
291
,
295–99
,
301–4
,
308–12
,
320–27

Kamal, Haji,
303–4
,
306–7
,
312
,
358

Kanafani, Ghassan,
242

Kandahar, Afghanistan,
322

Kapya, David,
211

Karzai, Hamid,
296
,
306

Keating, Paul,
125
,
127
,
129

Kelly, Penny,
149–50

Kenneally, Thomas,
149
,
154

Kennedy, Edward,
40

Kenya,
356

Khalidatu (business woman),
366

Khalidatu (mother of Ansu),
366–67

Khalidi, Walid,
230

Khalil, George Naguib,
242

Khoury, Elias,
220
,
231

Kissinger, Henry,
40

Kitoko, Gaby,
158–59
,
162
,
172–74
,
176–79

Klein, Josephine,
274–75
,
277

Koestler, Arthur,
270

Kolya (Azerbaijan refugee, Madinas son),
181–82
,
358

Kono (Liberian refugee),
17–18
,
19–20
,
23
,
359–60

Konobah (Liberian refugee),
24

Korsinski, Michael,
278–81

Kosovo,
45

and torture,
272

Kou, Mayo,
329

Kpomassie, Tete-Michel,
332

Krahn people,
191

Kromah, Alhaji G. V.,
18

Kromer, Mustafa,
18–19

Kuankan (Guinean refugee camp),
189–96
,
201–2
,
215–16

Kuchi nomads,
322

Kundera, Milan,
263

Kurdish refugees,
170–72

Finland and,
334

Italy and,
73

Lebanon and,
224

Kuwait

Palestinian refugee camps in,
223

Kuwaiti refugees,
168

Kyrgyzstan,
199

Lamine (Algerian refugee),
257–58
,
267
,
278–81
,
288

Lampedusa, Giuseppe di,
57
,
67

Lampedusa, Irene,
67

Lampedusa, Tomasso “the Leopard,”
67

Lampedusa island,
66–72

land mines,
315

Langa, Mandla,
257
,
263–64

Laotian refugees,
40

League of Nations,
32–33

Lebanese Christian Falangists,
235
,
247
,
253

Lebanon

civil war in,
235–37

Israeli invasion of,
246
,
247–49
,
253

Palestinian refugees in,
222–28
,
232–34
,
236–56

Lega Nord,
74

Leonardo da Vinci
(ship),
116

Leopard, The
(Lampedusa),
57
,
67

Letwin, Oliver,
173

Levi, Peter,
291
,
326

Levi, Primo,
264

Lewis, Anthony,
108

Liberia,
9
,
43
,
196–200
,
358
,
361
,
370

civil wars,
198
,
363

Guinea, crossing points to,
216

rebels raid Guinea refugee camps,
198–200

as receiving country,
25
,
52

Liberian refugees,
4

as boat people in Sicily,
57–61
,
62–72
,
76–82

Cairo and,
3–27

flee Egypt into Israel,
19–21
,
25–26

Guinea and,
188–89
,
191
,
192–96
,
199–200
,
216
,
217–19

resettled in West,
359–67

as torture victims,
20
,
272
,
364

Libya,
240

Light Garden of the Angel King, The
(Levi),
291

Lindt, Auguste,
39

Liria-Franch, Ana,
25

Living In a New Community
(Carter),
349

Loescher, Gil,
38
,
251
n

Logar, Afghanistan,
303
,
312

Lola, Guinea, transit center,
217–18

Lubbers, Ruud,
45–46
,
47
,
48
,
212

Luis (Chilean refugee),
282–84
,
288

Luis, Father,
83
,
84
,
86–87

Luisa (Mexican migrant),
88–90

Lynch, Wayne,
137

Macedonian refugees,
168

McDonald, James G.,
33

Madina (Azerbaijan refugee),
180–83
,
358–59

Mafia,
60

Maghrebini,
74–75

Magyar refugees,
32

Mahfouz, Naguib,
242

Mahmada (Liberian refugee),
20–21
,
25–26

Mahmoud (Palestinian refugee),
253

Mahmut (Palestinian refugee),
220–22
,
227
,
233

Maikan (Liberian refugee),
361–62

Maja (Liberian refugee),
218

Majid (Iranian refugee),
121
,
123–24

Malaysia,
122

Malian refugees,
217

Malish (Sudanese refugee),
336–37
,
338–40

Malta,
66

Mamadu (Liberian refugee),
21–23
,
189
,
215
,
354
,
367–71