Human Game: The True Story of the 'Great Escape' Murders and the Hunt for the Gestapo Gunmen (45 page)

Danzig (Gestapo), xv, 39, 96, 97, 98, 162–170

“following orders,” 20, 23, 29, 67, 74, 88, 116, 124, 127, 133, 134, 137, 139, 140, 141–142, 153, 158–159, 169, 177, 179, 186, 195, 210, 224, 225–226, 228, 229, 230

Karlsruhe (Gestapo), xv, 131, 132, 133–138, 139, 141

Kiel (Gestapo), xv, 20, 22–27, 205–216, 216–217, 218–219, 220–222

Kripo
vs., 17

Liberec (Gestapo), xvi, 100–101, 103, 104, 105

mural of Gestapo satyrs, 77

murders of escapees (fifty),
viii–ix,
15–16, 17, 18, 31, 41, 222, 239–243

Operation Bullet (
Aktion Kugel
), 15

Strasbourg (Gestapo), xvi, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198

Gmeiner, Josef (Karlsruhe Gestapo), xv

Cochran murder, 133–134, 136, 137, 139, 141–142, 224, 230

Gollwicer, 54.
See also
Seetzen, Heinrich (Breslau Security Police)

Göring, Hermann (
Reichmarschall
), xiii, 1, 13, 15, 38, 110, 232

Görlitz, Germany, 49, 52, 101, 106, 176, 178

Görlitz prison, 17, 34, 37, 39, 41, 171, 172, 173, 174, 185, 186, 187, 189.
See also
Breslau (Gestapo and
Kripo
)

Gouws, Johannes (Lieutenant),
viii,
240

background of, 108

escape from Stalag Luft III, 108, 109

murder of, 109, 113, 114, 115–118, 121–127, 224, 229, 230, 232

recapture of, 111

Graes, Erich (Danzig
Kripo
), xv, 96–99, 163

Great Escape, The, 1–11.
See also
Gestapo;
Kriminalpolizei (Kripo);
Sagan Case trial; Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF;
specific escapees

approval for escape, 27

ballot process, 9

compass factory, 7, 10, 171, 245

“cooler, the” (solitary confinement), 28, 30

Dick tunnel, 4, 9

disguises, 7, 9, 70, 71, 101, 130, 148, 245

“duty pilots,” 5

“duty” to escape, 27, 28, 233

escapees (seventy-six), 11, 13, 25, 29, 30, 33

escape from Stalag Luft III, 9–11, 28, 33, 34, 49, 148

escape-proof design of Stalag Luft III, 1–2

excavated dirt, hiding, 2, 6

exit order, 9–10

“ferrets,” 2, 5, 8–9

forgery department, 6–7, 10, 11, 71, 130

German discovery of escape, 11

Harry tunnel, 4–5, 9–11, 14,
14,
172,
172,
235, 245

Hut 104, 4–5, 11, 14,
14,
235

Hut 122, 4

Hut 123, 4, 8–9

intelligence section, 172, 204

letters to home written by POWs, 9–10, 69, 70–71, 204

maps, 7, 10

memorial at Stalag Luft III, 234,
234

monument at Stalag Luft III, 107

murdered escapees (fifty),
viii–ix,
15–16, 17, 18, 31, 41, 222, 239–243

Piccadilly Circus interchange station, 9

recaptured escapees, 17–18, 27–28, 30, 34, 36–37, 49

scrounging for materials by prisoners, 7–8

“stooges” (prisoner lookouts), 5

survivor escapees (three), 17, 33–34

Tom tunnel, 4, 8–9

tunneling difficulty, 1–2, 4–6, 7, 8

underground microphones, 2, 4, 8

urns of murdered escapees, 27, 31, 40, 41, 84, 96, 101, 103, 104, 109, 112, 130, 136, 150, 169, 171–172, 173, 174, 199, 201, 206, 209

victory, symbolic, 234–235

waste sacks escapes, 247

X-Organization, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 204

Greek murdered escapee, 31.
See also specific murdered escapee

Greiner (Munich
Kripo),
xvi, 111, 112–113

Grisman, William (Flight Lieutenant),
viii,
173, 240

Grosch, Walther (General Inspector), 63

Grossfahndung
order, 14, 36, 176, 225

guilty verdicts, Sagan Case trial, 230

Gunn, Alastair (Flight Lieutenant),
viii,
173, 240

Hagamann (Lieutenant), 55–56.
See also
Scharpwinkel, Wilhelm (Breslau Gestapo)

Hake, Al (Flying Officer),
viii,
7, 171, 186, 240

Hall, Charles (Flight Lieutenant),
viii,
189, 240

Hamburg, Germany, 40, 52, 53, 93, 95, 99, 144, 163, 202, 213, 215, 216, 222

Hampden bombers, 202, 203

Hanover, Germany, 40, 45, 52, 63

Hansel, Max Richard (Görlitz Gestapo), xiv, 176–179, 231

Harrison, Harold (Flight Lieutenant), xiii, 179–180, 195–199

Harry tunnel, 4–5, 9–11, 14,
14,
172,
172,
235, 245

Hartbee bombers, 108

Haselsberger (Greiner’s deputy), 112

Haw-Haw, Lord, 69

Hayter, Anthony (Flight Lieutenant),
viii,
191–200, 224, 229, 240

Hebberling, Lore and father, 127–128

Heidt, Marianne (Post’s mistress), 215–216, 220

Helmut, Babette (Müller’s secretary), 182

Hemer internment camp, 208

Hendon Police Staff College, 73

Hephart, Von Walter, 187

Herberg, Walter (Karlsruhe Gestapo), xv

Cochran murder, 132–138, 139, 140, 192–193, 224, 230

Herrman, Jakob (Home Guard), 193–194

Herrmann, Alfred (Home Guard), 193–194

Heydrich, Reinhard (Gestapo), 64–65, 147

Hilker, Heinrich (Strasbourg Gestapo), xvi, 192–193, 196–197, 198, 199, 200

Hilker, Mathilde (Heinrich’s wife), 199

Himmler, Heinrich (
Reichsführer
-SS), xiii, xiv

death of, 38, 232

“fifty” escapees to be executed, 15–16

Hitler and, 13

Kaltenbrunner and, 15–16, 38, 75

Nebe and, 181

response to escape from Stalag Luft III, 13–14

Hitler, Adolf, xiii.
See also
Germany; Nazi Party

Blitzkrieg on France and the Low Countries, 3

Czech murders ordered by, 147

death of, 38, 45

Himmler and, 13

murders of escapees (fifty) ordered by, 15–16, 17, 18

Nebe and, 181

response to escape from Stalag Luft III, 13–14, 15–16, 17

Winter Olympics (1936), 110

Hitler Youth, 144

Hoffman, Rudolf (General), 63

host families of evacuees, 47, 48

Hotel Esplanade in Prague, 64

humanity view of McKenna, 138

Humphreys, Edgar (Flight Lieutenant),
viii,
41, 189, 241

Hut 104, 4–5, 11, 14,
14,
235

Hut 122, 4

Hut 123, 4, 8–9

intelligence section, X-Organization, 172, 204

internment camps canvassing, 42, 45–46, 62–63, 98, 100, 109, 113, 117–118, 121, 138, 151, 163, 176, 208–209, 214, 220

interrogations.
See also specific members of Special Investigating Branch (SIB)

London Cage, 62, 63, 90–96, 110, 113, 114, 137, 140, 142, 150, 159, 170, 175, 184, 199, 212, 222, 223

POWs by Germany, 144–145

investigation as a complex machine, 161

Jacobs, Walter (Kiel Gestapo), xv

Christensen, Espelid, and Fuglesang murders, 22, 24, 27, 209–210, 210–211, 212, 224, 230

Jaffke (Saarbrücken
Kripo),
151

jeep problems, McKenna, 59–61

“Jews Not Wanted” signs, 110

Johns Hopkins University, 69

Judge Advocate General’s Office, 41, 57–58, 63–64

justice, escaped, 161, 219, 223, 232

justice vs. revenge, McKenna, 233, 234

Kaehler, Hans (Kiel Gestapo), xv

Catanach, Christensen, Espelid, and Fuglesang murders, 22, 23, 24, 25–26, 209–210, 211–212, 224, 230

Kah, Ernst (Breslau SD), xiv, 52–54, 58, 61–62

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst (SS
Obergruppenführer),
xiv, 217

Central Security Office, 21

Graes and, 96–97

Himmler and, 15–16, 38, 75

mass escapes plaguing Germany, 16

Müller and, 16, 209

Nebe and, 18

Nuremberg trials, 38, 232

police officer murder expectations of, 217

Schauschütz and, 75

Karlsruhe (Gestapo and
Kripo
), xv, 131, 132–137, 138–142, 162.
See also specific members

Karlsruhe, Germany, 140, 196, 199

Keitel, Wilhelm (
Feldmarschall
), xiii, 13, 38, 232

Kempton Park Racecourse, London, 94, 95, 152,
152

Kensington Palace Gardens, England, 62, 90, 92

Kidder, Gordon (Flying Officer),
viii,
xv, 241

background of, 69–70

escape from Stalag Luft III, 69, 71–72

murder of, 65, 66–67, 72, 73–74, 75, 77, 78–79, 79–84,
82,
85, 86–89, 90, 93–94, 97, 152, 161, 162, 219–220, 223, 224, 227

recapture of, 72

reconstruction of murder, 82,
82

Kiel (Gestapo and
Kripo),
xv, 20, 22–27, 205–216, 216–217, 218–219, 220–222.
See also specific members

Kiel, Germany, 40, 63, 162

Kierath, Reginald (Flying Officer),
viii,
100–101, 102, 103, 104, 241

Kiewnarski, Antoni (Flight Lieutenant),
viii,
188, 241

killing field examined by Bowes and Lyon, 83

Kiowsky, Friedrich (Zlín Frontier Police driver), xv

Czech custody of, 219

interrogation of, 77–81, 83

Schauschütz and, 76

van der Bijil and, 66–67

Zacharias and, 88, 89

Kirby-Green, Thomas (Squadron Leader),
viii,
xv, 241

background of, 68–69

escape from Stalag Luft III, 69, 70, 71–72

letters written to home by, 69, 70–71

murder of, 65, 66, 67, 72, 73–74, 77, 78–83,
82,
84, 85, 88–89, 94, 97, 152, 161–162, 219–220, 223, 224, 227

recapture of, 72

reconstruction of murder, 82,
82

Kiske (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 185

Knappe (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 185

Knoechlein, Fritz (SS), 92–93

Knuppelberg, Adolf (Brno Gestapo), xv

Kidder and Kirby-Green murders, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 84, 89

mural of German satyrs, 77

whereabouts, mystery of, 161

Kolanowski, A. Wlodzimierz (Flying Officer),
viii,
172, 189, 241

Kozlowsky, Otto (Brno Gestapo lawyer), xv, 81, 84, 161

Kriminalpolizei
(
Kripo
), xiv–xvi.
See also
Breslau (Gestapo and
Kripo
); Brno/Zlín (Gestapo and
Kripo
); Munich (Gestapo and
Kripo
)
; specific members

Danzig (
Kripo
), xv, 39, 96, 97, 98, 162–170

Gestapo vs., 17

Grossfahndung
order, 14, 36, 176, 225

Karlsruhe (
Kripo
), xv, 131, 132, 133–138, 139, 141

Kiel (
Kripo
), xv, 20, 22–27, 205–216, 216–217, 218–219, 220–222

Liberec (
Kripo
), xvi, 100–101, 103, 104, 105

recapture of Stalag Luft III escapees, 16–17, 18, 21, 34, 49, 96–97, 114

Strasbourg (
Kripo
), xvi, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198

Krol, Stanislaw (Flying Officer),
viii,
241

Krupa, Frantisek (crematorium attendant), 84

Lampel, Josef (Saarbrücken
Kripo
), 151

Lancaster bombers, 33

Landhaus Brichta hotel raid, 85–86

Langford, Patrick (Flight Lieutenant),
ix,
189, 241

Langlois (Flight Lieutenant), 245, 246

Lauefer (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 189

Leigh, Thomas (Flight Lieutenant),
ix,
186, 241

Lerchesflur Prison, 149

letters to home written by POWs, 9–10, 69, 70–71, 204

Liberec (Gestapo and
Kripo
), xvi, 100–101, 103, 104, 105

Liegnitz, Germany, 39, 41, 106, 172

Lindeiner-Wildau, Friedrich-Wilhelm von (Colonel), 36–37, 37–38, 246

Linke, Paul (Police Chief), 207–208

Llandovery Castle
case, 226

London Cage

interrogations at, 62, 63, 90–96, 110, 113, 114, 137, 140, 142, 150, 159, 170, 175, 184, 199, 212, 222, 223

Kensington Palace Gardens, England, 62, 90, 92

Scotland and, 91, 92, 93, 94, 185, 192–193, 212, 227–228

torture allegations, 227–228, 229

Long, James (Flight Lieutenant),
ix,
174, 241

Lonsky, Klaus, 48–51, 50–51

Luftwaffe,
13, 30, 63, 73, 106, 129, 144, 149, 173, 174

Lux (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 177, 178, 184, 185–186, 188, 189

Lyon, A. R. (Flight Lieutenant), xiii.
See also
Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF

actress and, 214

background of, 73

Baumann interrogation, 214–216

Blum and, 166–167

Bowes and, 101, 103

Clausen interrogation, 208

Denkmann interrogation, 209–210

discharge of, 216

Herberg interrogation, 132–138

internment camps canvassing, 208–209, 214

Jacobs interrogation, 209–210, 210–211

Kaehler interrogation, 209–210, 211–212

killing field examined by, 83

Kiowsky interrogation, 77–81

Krupa and, 84

Landhaus Brichta hotel raid, 85–86

Linke and, 207–208

Mueller interrogation, 208–209

Pankratz prison atrocities, 76–77, 82

Polish uncooperation in Breslau, 105

Schafer and, 205–206

Schauschütz interrogation, 74–76

Schmidt (Franz) interrogation, 209–210

Schmidt (Oskar) interrogation, 209–210, 210–211, 212

Stalag Luft III visit, 106–107

Struve interrogation, 212–213

Tischendorf and, 206–207

Urbanek and, 81

Vaca and, 76–77

winter of 1946–1947 (Germany), 213–214

Zacharias interrogation, 227

Zlín Gestapo headquarters and, 81–83

Mannheim, Germany, 138, 139, 153, 154

Manual for Military Law,
226

maps, X-Organization, 7, 10

Marcinkus, Romas (Flight Lieutenant),
ix,
96, 162–170, 231, 241

Marshall, Harry (Flight Lieutenant), 11

Maryland bombers, 108

Massey, Herbert (Group Captain), 27, 28–30, 34

Mauthausen concentration camp, 15

McBride (Squadron Leader), 246