i bc27f85be50b71b1 (270 page)

General Side Effecrs

Eroposide (VePesid)

Myelosuppression, anemia, leukopenia,

thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting,

hypotension, anaphylaxis, a lopecia,

headache, peripheral neuropathy, central nervOliS system toxicity, fever, chills

Teniposide (VM-26)

Myelosuppression, tissue necrosis, fever,

hypotension, anaphylaxis, alopecia

Vinblasrine (Velban, Alkaban)

Myelosuppression, leukopenia, nausea,

vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, central

and peripheral neuropathy, tissue

necrosis

Vincristine (Oncovin, Vincasar)

Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, tissue necrosis, peripheral neuropathy,

constipation

Sources: Data from C Ciccone (ed). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,

1 996; D Moreau (ed), Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhollse,

1 996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (cds), Current Medical Diagnosis

and Trearmenr. New York: McGraw-HilI, 2000.

Table IV-1 5 .E Inrerferons (Chemorherapy Agenrs)

Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease

Mechanism of action: Provide antiviral and antineoplastic properties

Name

General Side Effecrs

Interferon alfa-2a

Fever, chills, malaise, dizziness, anorexia, bronchospasm, leukopenia,

hepatitis

Interferon alfa-2b

Fever, chills, malaise, dizziness, anorexia, leukopenia, hepatitis

Sources: Data from C Ciccone (ed). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,

1 996; D Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,

1 996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (eds). Current Medical Diagnosis

and Treatmem. New York: McCraw-Hili, 2000.

860

AClITE CARE HANDBOOK FOR PHYSICAL UIERAPISTS

Table I V-IS.G. Colony-Stimulating Factors (Chemotherapy AgentS)

Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease.

Mechanism of action: Colony-stimulating factors stimulate the production of

white blood cells and accelerate the recovery of bone marrow.

Generic Name (Trade Name)

Side Effects

Filgrastim ( Neupogen)

Medullary bone pain, nausea, vomiting, skeletal pain, diarrhea

Sargramostim (Leukine, Prokine)

Fever, malaise, na usea, diarrhea, anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, edema,

alopecia, rash, dyspnea

Sources: Data from C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemorhempy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,

1996; D Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,

t 996; and LM Tierney, 5J McPhee, MA Papadakis (cds). Current Medical Diagnosis

and Treatment. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

Table l V- I S.H. Other Antineoplastic Agents (Chemotherapy Agents)

Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease

Mechanism of action:

Aminoglurerhimide-inhibits production of steroid hormones from adrenal

glands

Aldeslcukin-affects leukocyte function

Procarbazine-inhibits growth of cancer cells and blocks monoamine

oxidase in the central nervous system

Generic Name (Brand Name)

General Side Effects

Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)

Drowsiness, dizziness, tachycardia)

hypotension, myalgia

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Hypoglycemia, anemia

Procarbazine (Matulane)

Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression,

hallucinations, pleural effusion,

ceOlral nervous system and renal

toxicity

Sources: Data from C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,

1996; 0 Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,

1996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (eds). Current Medical Diagnosis

and Trearmenr. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

APPENDIX IV: PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS

861

Table IV- 16. Corricosteroids (In haled)

Indication: Stabilize and limit the inflammatory response (bronchoconstriction) in the respiratory tract

Mechanism of action: Unknown (may decrease the number and activiry of

inflammarory cells, inhibit bronchoconstriction mechanisms, or dirccrly

relax smooth muscle)

General side effects: Hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, immunosuppression, osteoporosis, decreased healing

Generic name (trade name): Beclomethasone (Beclovenr, Vanceril), budesonide (Pulmicort), f1unisolide (AeroBid), f1uticasone propionate (Flovent), triamcinolone aceronide (Azmacort)

ource: D3t3 from Drug Facts and Comparisons 2000 (54th cd). S[. Louis: Wohers

Kluwer, 2000.

Table IV-I? Diuretics

Indications: Heart failure, hypertension

Mechanism of action: Reduce preload and vascular volume

General side effects: Volume reduction, hypotension, arrhythmias, hyper- or

hypokalemia (Only potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to hyperkalemia,

all others generally lead to hypokalemia.)

Thiazides (generic name [trade name!): Bendrofluazide (Aprinox, Cenryl),

bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin), benthiazide (Exna, Hydrex),

chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorrhalidone (Hygroron) , cyclorhiazide

(Anhydron), cyclopenthiazide (Navidrex), hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex,

HydroDIURIL), hydroflumethiazide (Diucardin , Saluron) , indapamide

(Lozol, Natrilix), methyclothiazide (Enduron, Aquatenscn), metolazone

(Mykrox, Diulo, Zaroxolyn), poly thiazide (Renese), quinethazone

(Hydromox), trichlormcthiazide (Metahydrin, Naqua)

Loop (generic [trade name!): Bumetanide (Bumex), ethacrynic acid (Edecrin),

furosemide (Lasix, Furoside), frusemide (Frusetic, Frusid), pircranide (Arlix)

Potassium sparing (generic [ trade nameD: Amiloride (Midamor), potassium

canrenoate (Spiroctan-M), spironolactone (Aldactone), triamrerene

(Dyrenium)

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (generic [ trade narnel): Acetazolamide

(Diarnox), dichlorphenamide (Daranide), methazolamide (Neprazane)

Source: Data from K Grimes, M Cohen. Cardiac Medicafions. In EA Hillegass, HS Sadowsky (cds), Esscnti"ls of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy (2nd cd). Philadelphia: Saunders, 2001 ;537-585.