Ice Ship: The Epic Voyages of the Polar Adventurer Fram (41 page)

ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

Australian National Library: figure
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Dreamstime / Don Landwehrle: figure
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Fram Museum (Frammuseet): figures
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Norwegian Museum of Cultural History (Norsk Folkemuseum): figures
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Norwegian Polar Institute (Norsk Polarinstitutt): figures
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Wikipedia Commons / Shakki: figure
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INDEX

Page numbers in
bold
indicate figures.

albatross,
226

Alert
,
74
,
141
,
142

Alexandra Fjord,
128
,
148
,
149

Amund Ringnes Island,
128
,
129
,
194

Amundsen, Anton,
35–
36
,
37
,
52
,
58
,
61
,
67
,
85
,
111

Amundsen, Leon,
213
,
218
,
225
,
259
,
260
,
262–63
,
265
,
266

Amundsen, Roald: adopts Inuit ways,
253
; in Alaska,
213
,
274
,
276
; applied for Jackson expedition,
208
; Belgian Antarctic Expedition,
208
; expedition end,
269
; expedition plan,
216
,
221–22
; flying,
267
,
270
,
277–78
; and
Fram
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
294–95
; on
Gjøa
,
209
;
Italia
search,
280
; and Johansen,
245
; leaves
Fram
,
206
,
260
; letter to king,
250
,
252
,
257
; money troubles,
211
,
266
,
277
; and Nansen,
209
,
211
,
215
,
266
; and
Norge
,
278–79
; Northwest Passage,
2
,
209
,
211
,
213
; qualities,
207–10
,
212
,
243
,
249
,
259
,
266
,
269
,
280
; and Scott,
225
,
248
; secrecy,
217–18
,
235
,
238
,
258–60
,
261
; sees both poles,
279
; South Pole party,
250
,
259
; speaking tours,
260
,
263
,
266
; writing,
261
. See also
Gjøa
,
Maud
, Third Expedition

Andrée, Salomon,
92
,
93
,
94
,
95
,
98

Antarctica,
206
,
230
,
231
,
298

Antarctic Circle,
206
,
230

Archer, Colin: boats,
14
–15
,
21
; death,
290
;
Fram
designer/builder,
14
,
31
,
19–22
,
203
;
Fram
design principles,
16–18
,
77
; and Nansen,
13
,
15

Archer, James,
25

Arctic: animals,
231
; beauty,
166
; and climate change,
298
; fossils,
230
; indigenous peoples,
231
(
see also
Inuit); plants,
107
,
231
; theories about,
2
,
48

Arctic Circle,
28
,
40
,
106
,
206
,
230

Arctic Ocean,
28
,
57
,
69
,
70
,
129

Arthur Fjord (Strait),
128
,
180
,
181
,
198

Astrup, Eivind,
17
,
136–37
,
152
,
210

auk, little (dovekie),
49
,
112
,
114
,
115

Aurora
,
248
,
260
,
296

Australia,
15
,
206
,
225
,
258
,
260

Axel Heiberg Island (Land): Canada claims,
287
; discovery,
160
,
174
; exploration,
129
,
173
–75
,
178
,
189
,
191–93
,
198
; extent,
93
,
173
,
174
,
175
; Inuit on,
192

Baden-Powell, George,
118
,
119

Baffin Bay,
28
,
128
,
137
,
139
,
141
,
201
,
211
,
286

Barents Sea,
29

Barr, Susan,
110

Baumann Fjord,
128
,
190
,
194

Baumann, Victor: at Beechey Island,
198
,
211
; Braskerud’s death,
164
; on
Fram
,
131
,
132
,
133
,
168
; at Nordstrand,
186
; on North Devon,
182
; sledging,
161
,
164
,
173
,
175
,
181–82
,
198
; at Sverdrup’s funeral,
291
; visits Peary,
152–53
,
159

Bay, Edvard: at Bear Fort,
168–
69
,
177–78
; sledging,
155
,
167–68
,
186
; writes novel,
197
; zoologist,
132
,
133–34
,
168
,
184
,
195

Bay Fjord,
128
,
156
,
190
,
191
,
194

Bay of Whales,
229
,
232
,
233
,
235
,
248
,
249
,
255

Bear (Bjørne) Peninsula,
189

Beardmore Glacier,
249
,
253
,
254
,
256

Bear Fort (Bjørnborg),
168
,
169
–70
,
173
,
177–78

bear, polar: First Expedition,
46
,
59
,
62–64
,
63
,
73
,
85
,
91
; Nansen/Johansen sledge/kayak trip,
99
,
102
,
103
,
104
,
108
,
109
; Second Expedition,
177
,
183
,
187
; trap,
86
; trichinosis,
94

Beck, Andreas,
219
,
220
,
229
,
240
,
262
,
268

Beechey Island,
128
,
198
,
199
,
211

Beitstad Fjord,
128
,
157

Belcher Channel,
128
,
181

Belcher, Edward,
172
,
180

Belgian Antarctic Expedition,
208

Belgica
,
208
,
209
,
210
,
217

Bennett Island,
48
,
50

Bentsen, Bernt,
41
,
45
,
58
,
83
,
94
,
95
,
122
,
125

Bergen’s Museum,
4
,
5

Bernier, Joseph,
287

Bjaaland, Olav: on
Fram
,
219
,
220
,
262
; ski-maker,
243
,
267
; South Pole party,
244–45
,
250
,
251
,
259
; at Winter Olympics,
293

Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne,
119

Bjørvik, Paul,
125

Blessing, Henrik: addiction,
35
,
84
,
88
,
122–23
; duties,
32
,
34
,
57
,
64
,
78
,
88
; exercise,
61
,
111
; on
Fram
,
35
,
62
,
64
,
65
,
122

Blue Man Cape,
191

Boat Fjord,
128
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
167

Bomann-Larsen, Tor,
212
,
263

Bowers, Henry “Birdie,”
252
,
254
,
255
,
256
,
257

Braskerud, Ove,
132
,
163
,
164
,
168
,
201
,
268

Budington, Sidney,
140

Buenos Aires,
206
,
210
,
235–40
,
258
,
260–61
,
264
,
267

bunting, snow,
70
,
89
,
149

Butter Porridge Point,
191
,
192

Bygdøy Peninsula (Bygdøynes),
213
,
292
,
297

Cambridge Bay (Inuinnaqtun),
275

Camp Clay (Starvation Camp),
142
,
144
,
145
,
147

Cape Chelyuskin,
46
,
47
,
274

Cape Fligely,
98
,
100

Cape Flora,
116

Cape Horn,
2
,
29
,
218
,
237

Cape Sabine,
143
,
144
.
See also
Pim Island

Cape Southwest,
128
,
173
,
175
,
189

Cape Storm,
164
,
167

Cape York,
136

Cardigan Strait,
128
,
180
,
182
,
183
,
199
,
200

Cherry-Garrard, Apsley,
257

Christiania: First Expedition,
23
,
29
,
31
,
119–20
,
122
; Johansen’s suicide,
265
; location,
28
;
Maud
departs,
273
; Nansen’s birth,
4
; Second Expedition,
132
,
134
,
202
,
203
,
208
; Third Expedition,
216
,
219
,
221
,
225
,
261
,
262
.
See also
Oslo

Christofersen, Ola,
41
,
45

Christophersen, Don Pedro,
237–38
,
240
,
260–61
,
264
,
266
,
269
,
273

Chukchi Sea,
3
,
28
,
29

Cobourg Island,
128
,
161

Colin Archer
,
15
,
18

Colin Archer Peninsula,
128
,
180

Cook, Frederick,
151
,
210
,
217

current, polar: East Greenland Current,
6
; Ellesmere Island,
169
,
180
; evidence of,
4
,
6
,
7
,
118
,
124
; Greenland,
135
; on sledge/kayak trip,
98
; New Siberian Islands,
53
; and open ocean theory,
2
; Pacific Ocean,
7
; speed,
17
; Spitsbergen,
94

Davis Strait,
28
,
60
,
139
,
296

De Long, George,
1
,
3
,
4
,
6
,
50

Dietrichson, Leif,
277
,
280

Discovery
,
141
,
142
,
143
,
225
,
256

Discovery Harbor,
143

Disko Island,
28
,
136
,
142
,
201

dog, sledge: First Expedition,
17
,
29
,
41
,
45
,
47
,
54
,
55
,
97
(
see also
Kaifas and Suggen); Scott expedition,
228
,
253–54
; Second Expedition,
145
,
151
,
164
,
166
,
181
,
188
,
197
,
201
; Third Expedition,
218
,
222–23
,
227–
28
,
232
,
242
,
244
,
254
,
260

Doxrud, Christian,
206
,
267

East Siberian Sea,
28
,
29

Eclipse
,
289

Ellef Ringnes Island,
128
,
129
,
194

Ellesmere Island (Umingmak Nuna): Braskerud’s memorial,
163
; Canada claims,
287
; Cook expedition,
217
; exploration,
141
,
155–56
,
167
,
178
,
186
,
191
; known as Ellesmere Land,
11
,
28
,
129
,
137
; mapping,
128
,
141
,
167
,
179
,
198
; Peary expedition,
150
,
217
; size,
160
,
204
; Sverdrup’s route,
28
,
29