In-N-Out Burger (36 page)

“Word reached the community through real estate circles”:
Mark Sachs, “In-N-Out: A Short Menu Means Steady Growth,”
San Gabriel Valley Tribune
, August 24, 1992.

“In time, In-N-Out became one of Baldwin Park's largest employers.”:
Aileen Pinheiro, comp.,
The Heritage of Baldwin Park
, vol. 2 (Covina, Ca.: Neilson Press, 1981), 81.

“following the city council's rejection of a proposal”:
Steve Tamaya, “Neighbor's Beef Dooms Hamburger Place,”
San Gabriel Valley Tribune
, August 19, 1990.

“Some 119 businesses”:
Ibid.

CHAPTER
17

“In-N-Out was opening about ten new stores each year,”:
Averages calculated from Technomic Inc. data.

“In-N-Out Burger's procedures that in December, the chain was granted”:
Mark Kendall and Gillen Silsby, “In-N-Out Burger Chief Dies in Crash,”
San Gabriel Valley Tribune
, December 17, 1993.

“despite the company's growth spurt, he had no interest in competing”:
Mark Sachs, “In-N-Out: A Short Menu Means Steady Growth,”
San Gabriel Valley Tribune
, August 24, 1992.

“I think it would be too difficult to maintain quality control.”
: Ibid.

“Yeah it's close,”:
Transcripts of the pilots' conversation with control tower reported by Jeff Brazil, “O.C. Jet Crash Tape Indicates Pilot Knew Risk,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 9, 1994.

“At Esther's urging, he had gone to work for In-N-Out corporate”:
Comments made by Esther Snyder during her eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“in 1986 Sims launched a popular but controversial church”:
Jodi Wilgoren, “Jet Crash Victims Eulogized Amid Tears, Smiles,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 24, 1993.

“Rich considered West such a close friend that five days before the crash, on December 10, he had a trust drawn up”:
Greg Johnson, “4 In-N-Out Burger Execs Sue Over Trust Language,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 17, 1996.

“[Richard Snyder] was the type of person who did a lot more”:
In-N-Out Burger company statement reported by Richard Martin, “Top In-N-Out Burger Execs Killed in Plane Crash,”
Nation's Restaurant News
, January 3, 1994.

“every month, Rich sent an In-N-Out cookout trailer to feed the homeless”:
Rich Snyder Dedication DVD, Hillview Acres Children's Home, Rich Snyder Cottage, October 30, 2007.

“The ninety-three-store chain was pulling in about $116 million”:
Technomic Inc.

“‘That man,' he said, holding back tears of his own, ‘was a legend in my mind.'”:
Comments made by Don Miller during his eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“Richard said, ‘Mom, I'm so glad you got to go with us today.'”:
Comments made by Esther Snyder during her eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“Right now, as our hearts are grieving, and we feel empty inside,”:
Comments made by Christina Snyder Wright during her eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“he alluded to the accident and spoke of ‘God's work.'”
: Comments made by Guy Snyder during his eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“When Richard was killed”:
Myrna Oliver, “Esther Snyder,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 6, 2006.

CHAPTER
18

“Every year, since she was two years old, he had made a special date”:
Comments made by Esther Snyder during her eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“Without a legal arrangement in place removing Guy Snyder”: Esther L. Snyder Trust–1989
, pages 3–4 and paragraph 5.6, page 10.

“Among the many tragedies and pieces of unfinished business”: Esther L. Snyder Trust–1989
, paragraph 10.1.1, page 19.

“When Rich took it on, it was a nice little place with a '50s style,”:
Stacy Perman, “Fat Burgers,”
Los Angeles
, February 2004.

“My life has changed quite a bit.”:
Comments made by Guy Snyder during his eulogy at memorial for Rich Snyder, Phil West, and Jack Sims, held at the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, December 23, 1993 (videotape).

“Guy believes we need to have the time to train people properly”:
Greg Johnson, “More than Fare,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 15, 1997.

“Puzder went on to work for Carl's Jr.”:
Jim Keohane, “Fat Profits,”
Conde Nast Portfolio
, January 1, 2008; “Karcher Executive Indicted,” Associated Press, February 20, 1989; John Emshwiller, “Carl Karcher Head and 15 Others Charged by SEC,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 15, 1988; “Settlement in Carl's Jr. Case,” Associated Press, July 26, 1989.

“the law firm's trust work resulted in ‘significant confusion, ambiguity and expense'”:
Greg Johnson, “4 In-N-Out Burger Execs Sue Over Trust Language,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 17, 1996.

CHAPTER
19

“the chain was generating an estimated $133 million in sales.”:
Sales figure estimate from Technomic Inc.

“$74.3 billion fast-food industrial complex”:
Charlene C. Price, “Foodservice Sales Reflect the Prosperous, Time-Pressed 1990's,”
Food Review
, September–December 2000.

“McDonald's had swelled to thirteen thousand stores”:
Technomic Inc.

“McDonald's opened new stores in Kuwait and Egypt.”:
McDonald's corporate history, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/mcd_history_pg1/mcd_history_pg5.html.

“Burger King, which had opened its first international franchise”:
Excerpt from an S–1 SEC filing, filed by Burger King Holdings Inc. on February 16, 2006.

“opening of store number ten thousand”:
“Burger King Corporation Announces the Opening of the Company's 10,000th Restaurant,” Burger King Corporation press release, November 6, 1998.

“He had taken his Southern California chain”:
Carl Karcher Enterprises corporate history, http://www.ckr.com/about_history.html#80s.

“Six years later, of the 561 Carl's Jr. restaurants,”:
Anne Michaud, “New Franchise Strategy Unveiled by Carl Karcher Fast-Food Industry,”
Los Angeles Times
, November 17, 1990.

“the chain was earning $575 million annually.”:
Sales figure from Technomic Inc.

“He invested heavily in real estate in Anaheim”:
Eric Malnic, “Carl Karcher, 90; Entrepreneur Turned Hot Dog Stand into a Fast-Food Empire,”
Los Angeles Times
, January 12, 2008; Joe Keohane, “Fat Profits,”
Conde Nast
, February 2008; Kelly Barron, “A New Burger Combo Deal,”
Orange County Register
, April 29, 1997; Mark Schoifet, “Carl Karcher, Founder of Carl's Jr. Chain, Dies at 90,”
Bloomberg
, January 12, 2008.

“After Taco Bell introduced the concept of value pricing”:
“55-cent Big Macs May Ignite Fast-Food Price War,”
San Jose Mercury News
, February 27, 1997; “Taco Bell Restarts Value Wars in Fast Food Industry,” PR Newswire, June 28, 1996.

“By 1997, the fast-food industry reached $109.5 billion”:
Mark D. Jekanowski, “Causes and Consequences of Fast Food Sales Growth,”
Food Review
, January–April 1999; Barnaby J. Feder, “McDonald's Still Finds There's Still Plenty of Room to Grow,”
New York Times
, January 9, 1994; “Bigger Portions Being Thrown as Global Fast-Food Fight Heats Up,”
Press-Telegram
, March 8, 1996.

“in 1996 McDonald's introduced the Arch Deluxe,”:
Arthur Lubow, “Steal This Burger,”
New York Times
, April 19, 1998; Stuart Elliott, “Another Agency Creates Ads for McDonald's Adult Burger,”
New York Times
, August 16, 1996.

“there were 116 In-N-Out Burger drive-throughs”:
Sales figures estimated by Technomic Inc.

“Taylor began working at In-N-Out Burger in 1984”: Ex Parte Application to Compel Richard Boyd to Surrender Trust Property to Mark J. Taylor
, BP 0956395 (S.C. Calif.), 12.

“police officers in Claremont”: The People of the State of California v. Defendant Harry Guy Snyder
, 6PM00465 (M.C. Pomona 1999).

“On January 23, 1997, Guy and Lynda Snyder's divorce became final.”:
Los Angeles Supreme Court Civil Court summary.

CHAPTER
20

“On October 27, 1997, Tom Wright was stopped at the San Ysidro Port”: United States of America v. William Thomas Wright
, 3:97cr–03353-RBB–1 (U.S. D.C. Calif. 1997).

“In December, two months after his arrest, Tom Wright”:
Ibid.

“The disease, often cited as the source of King George III”:
T. Cox, N. Jack, S. Lofthouse, J. Watling, J. Haines, M. Warren, “King George III and Porphyria: An Elemental Hypothesis and Investigation,”
The Lancet
, vol. 366, issue 9482 (July 23–29, 2005), 332–335.

“Guy made arrangements to obtain a legal order”: Order Approving Trustee's Petition Re Construction of Trust Instrument…In Re the Matter of Esther L. Snyder Trust—1989
, KP005531 (S.C. Calif. 1997).

“Three cotrustees were named:”:
Ibid., 2.

“The new agreement was set up in such a way that no new successor”:
Ibid.

“Others concluded that it was Lynsi's mother, Lynda,”: In-N-Out v. Richard Boyd and Michael Anthony Concrete
and
Richard Boyd v. INO et al.
, BC345657 (S.C. Calif 2006), paragraph 5, page 4.

“In February 1997, the chain unseated Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers”:
Daniel Puzo, “17th Annual Choice in Chains,”
Restaurants & Institutions
, February 1997.

“Wendy's had about 4,757 stores across the United States,”:
Number of stores compiled by Technomic Inc.

“was competing with all of the large national chains,”:
Daniel Puzo, “17th Annual Choice in Chains,”
Restaurants & Institutions,
February 1997.

“At seventy-seven, she was inducted into the California Restaurant Association's Hall of Fame.”:
California Restaurant Association.

“In the spring of 1999, he came down with pneumonia,”:
Described in the investigator's report, County of Los Angeles Department of Coroner, case #99–087274; information source Lynda Snyder ex-wife of decedent, Deputy Brooks Lancaster Police station report #99–50153–1126–491, and Antelope Valley Hospital, December 5, 1999.

“throughout 1999, Lynda was involved in Guy's hospitalizations”:
Ibid.

“Sheriff's deputies, who had arrived on the scene”:
Andrew Bluth and Chris Knap, “Life of Fast Food, Cars Came to an Early Halt,”
Orange County Register
, February 6, 2000.

“He was a hell of a guy.”:
Stacy Perman, “Fat Burgers,”
Los Angeles
, February 2004.

“The Los Angeles County Coroner's office performed an autopsy”:
County of Los Angeles Department of Coroner, case # 99–08274, December 5, 1999.

“On February 6, 2000, two months after Guy died, the story of his arrest”:
Andrew Bluth and Chris Knap, “Life of Fast Food, Cars Came to an Early Halt,”
Orange County Register
, February 6, 2000.

“At the time of Guy Snyder's death, In-N-Out Burger had grown”:
Ibid.

“It was earning an estimated $212 million”:
Sales figures estimated by Technomic; growth percentages averaged taken from Technomic sales figures.

CHAPTER
21

“Don't let her age fool you,”:
Greg Hernandez, “In-N-Out to Stay Private GM Says,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 10, 1999.

“Esther is very, very tired.”:
Greg Hernandez, “Family-Owned In-N-Out at a Crossroads,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 2, 2000.

“I'm sure there would be no shortage of potential buyers,”:
Greg Hernandez, “In-N-Out Exec's Death Raises Succession Questions,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 9, 1999.

“only 30 percent of all family businesses”:
The Family Business Forum at the University of North Carolina.

“the $107.1 billion fast-food industry.”:
National Restaurant Association.

“Johnny Rockets, a successful chain of retro diners.”:
Johnny Rockets corporate history; Amy Spector and Richard Martin, “Ronn Teitelbaum, Johnny Rockets Founder, Dies at 61,”
Nation's Restaurant News,
September 25, 2000.