In the Footsteps of Lewis and Clark (33 page)

55
. Ibid., 7.

56
. The National Trails System Act became Public Law 90-543 on October 2, 1968 (16 U.S. Code 1241).

57
. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation,
The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail,
3.

58
. Lewis and Clark Trail Commission,
Interim Report,
19.

59
. Lewis and Clark Trail Commission,
Final Report,
1, 3.

60
.
Omaha Register
, May 7, 1969.

61
. Large, “Onward.”

62
. Letter to
Life Magazine
editor George P. Hunt, February 14, 1969; Clark Mollenkopf story in
Des Moines
(Iowa)
Register
, May 1, 1969; and Sherry Fisher, letter to Dayton Canaday, February 7, 1969, all in LC/SDSHS. (Fisher was responding to a squib in
Life
on February 7, 1969, entitled “A Hero among Bureaucrats” and retorted that the commission relied on very little public funding; the funding it did receive was used for travel.)

63
. John Greenslit, letter to Christopher D. Koss, August 11, 1969, LC/SDSHS.

64
.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, October 12, 1969.

65
. Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, “South Dakota Report,” presented at meeting in Helena, Montana, August 9, 1972, and Dayton Canaday, letter to Lester F. Faber (Bureau of Outdoor Recreation), March 29, 1974, both in LC/SDSHS.

66
. Lewis and Clark Trail Commission,
Final Report
, 22–23.

67
.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, February 9, 1968.

68
. Editorial comment,
We Proceeded On
1, no. 1 (Winter 1974–75): 9.

69
. Bob Saindon wrote a thirty-two-page newspaper supplement entitled “Lewis and Clark in Northeast Montana” that accompanied the July 19, 1974, issue of the
Glasgow Courier
.

70
.
Montana Standard
(Butte/Anaconda), February 6, 1970.

71
. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation,
The Lewis and Clark Trail: A Potential Addition to the National Trails System,
1974, PAM 3263, MSHS, and
The Lewis and Clark Trail: A Proposed National Historic Trail,
1975, 1, appendix B, 3, PAM 3262, MSHS.

72. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation,
Proposed National Historic Trail,
7 (first quote); appendix B, 2–3 (fifteenth quote), 73 (second through sixth quotes), 74 (seventh through fourteenth quotes).

73
. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation,
Final Report to Congress
, 45–46, House Document 277, vol. 13211-1 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978).

74
.
U.S. Statutes at Large
95 (1978), 625.

75
. Botkin,
Passage of Discovery,
33–34, 64–65, 76, 104.

76
. Archie Satterfield,
The Lewis and Clark Trail
(Harrisburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books, 1978).

77
. Ibid., 162.

78
. Ibid., 170, 174–175, 177 (quote).

79
. Ibid., 181–182, 185–186 (quote).

80
. Dayton Duncan,
Out West: An American Journey
(New York: Viking, 1987) x, 4–5. More recent guides include Julie Fanselow,
The Traveler's Guide to the Lewis & Clark Trail
(Helena, Mont.: Falcon, 1994); Barbara Fifer and Vicky Soderberg,
Along the Trail with Lewis and Clark
(Great Falls: Montana Magazine, 1998).

1
.
Three Forks
(Montana)
Herald
, May 19, 1980; Bozeman, Montana,
Daily Chronicle
, July 18, 1980, and July 27, 1981.

2
. Gallatin County Historical Society newsletter, April 16, 1980, Lewis and Clark VF, Gallatin Historical Society and Pioneer Museum, Bozeman Mont.; Lewis and Clark Three Forks 1980 and 1981 pageant programs, Three Forks Public Library, Three Forks, Mont.

3
. Angie Wagner, “Seekers Who Destroyed,” AP story in the
Denver Post
, May 5, 2003.

4
. John Stromnes, “Explorers Depicted as Sent Oppressors,” Missoula, Montana,
Missoulian
, September 13, 1992.

5
. Jim Hughes, “Lewis and Clark Re-enactors Stir Indian Debate,”
The Denver Post
, September 26, 2004.

6
. Margot Roosevelt, “Tribal Culture Clash,”
Time Magazine
(July 8, 2002): 66–68.

7
. National Congress of American Indians, Resolution #SPO-01-112, adopted at its 58th Annual Session, 2001; “Along the Lewis and Clark Trail,” American Native Press Archives,
www.anpa.ualr.edu/f_lewis_clark.htm
(accessed November 17, 2002).

8
. David Chidester and Edward T. Linenthal, eds.,
American Sacred Space
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995), 27, 29.

9
. Nora, “Era of Commemoration,” 626 (first quote), 615 (second quote).

10
. Bodnar,
Remaking America,
247.

11
. Erika Doss,
Spirit Poles and Flying Pigs: Public Art and Cultural Democracy in American Communities
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), 248.

12
. Mark Spence, “The Unnatural History of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial,”
Montana: The Magazine of Western History
53, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 57–58.

13
. Kammen,
In the Past Lane
, 219.

14
. On issues of authenticity and interpretation, see also, for example, Dean MacCannell,
The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class
(New York:
Schocken, 1976); David Glassberg,
Sense of History: The Place of the Past in American Life
(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001); Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett,
Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998); Peirce Lewis, “Taking down the Velvet Rope: Cultural Geography and the Human Landscape,” in
Past Meets Present: Essays about Historic Interpretation and Public Audiences,
ed. Jo Blatti (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987); Lowenthal,
The Past Is a Foreign Country
; Zelinsky,
Nation into State
. Since the late 1980s, the number of articles that discuss site authenticity has grown steadily in journals specializing in tourism studies and public history.

15
. For issues of presentism and selective public memory, see Sven Birkerts,
Readings
(St. Paul, Minn.: Greywolf, 1999), 26–27; Daniel J. Boorstin,
The Image, or What Happened to the American Dream?
(New York: Atheneum, 1962), 108; Kammen,
In the Past Lane
, 219. On the historical immediacy of reproductions, see Lowenthal,
The Past Is a Foreign Country
, 265, 326–327.

16
. Lewis, “Taking down the Velvet Rope,” 25 (original emhasis).

17
. Jakle,
The Tourist
, 286–287, 289.

18
. Nugent,
Into the West,
344.

19
. National Council of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial brochure, 2003 (St. Louis, author's copy).

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———. “Lewis and Clark: The Route 160 Years After.”
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———.
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