Infinitesimal: How a Dangerous Mathematical Theory Shaped the Modern World (59 page)

Istoria del Concilio di Trento
(Pallavicino)

Italy; decline of mathematics in

James I, King of England

James II, King of England

Japan

Java

Jerusalem

Jesuats; fall of; formation of; training of

Jesuits,
see
Society of Jesus

Joachim of Fiore

Johann Georg of Saxony

Julian calendar

Julius II, Pope

Jupiter

Kazimierz, Jan II

Kelvin, Lord

Kepler, Johannes

Kircher, Athanasius

Kunsthistorisches Museum

Lagrangia, Giuseppe Luigi (Joseph-Louis Lagrange)

Laplace, Pierre-Simon

Laud, William

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent

law of falling bodies

Laynez, Diego

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm; calculus of; method of indivisibles formalized by

Leonardo da Vinci

Leoni, Ottavio

Leo X, Pope

Letters on Sunspots
(Galileo)

“Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina” (Galileo)

Levellers

Leviathan
(Hobbes); Civil War as context of

liberal democracy

liberalizers

Lilius, Aloysius

Lincean Academy,
see
Accademia dei Lincei

Lindemann, Ferdinand von

lines; composition of; definition of; indivisible; plane composed of

Lipsius, Justus

Locke, John

Longomontanus

Long Parliament

Louis XIII, King of France

Louis XIV, King of France

lunar calendar

Luther, Martin; called to Rome; death of; at Diet of Worms; Ninety-Five Theses of; on omnipresence of Christ; Peasants’ Revolt and; princely support for

Lützen, Battle of

Machiavelli, Niccolò

Maestlin, Michael

Magini, Giovanni Antonio

Magiotti, Raffaello

magnetism

Marston Moor, Battle of

Mary I, Queen of England

Mary II, Queen of England

Mass, sacrament of

materialism

mathematical induction

mathematics: Bacon’s mistrust of; experimental; in Jesuit education; as key to religious disputes; physical world matched with; prestige of; Royal Society’s mistrust of; stability of; as tool of dogmatists;
see also
geometry

Mathesis universalis
(Wallis)

matter

Maurizio of Savoy, Cardinal

Mazarin, Cardinal

Medici, Cosimo, II

Medici court

Mengoli, Pietro

Mennonites

Mersenne, Marin

Messina

metaphysics

method of exhaustion

method of fluxions

method of indivisibles

Mexico

Michelangelo

Miracle of St. Ignatius, The

modernity

“Modus quo disciplinas mathematicas in scholis Societatis possent promoveri” (Clavius)

Moluccas

Monck, George

Montaigne, Michel de

moon

motion

Münster

Münsterian anarchy

Müntzer, Thomas

music theory

Nadal, Jerónimo

Nardi, Antonio

Naseby, Battle of

navigation

Netherlands, English war with

New Atlantis
(Bacon)

New Model Army

New Philosophy

Newton, Isaac; calculus of; indivisibles accepted by; method of fluxions of; method of indivisibles formalized by

Niccolini, Francesco

Nickel, Goswin

Ninety-Five Theses

Norway

Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum
(Kepler)

Novum organum
(Bacon)

Nuñez, Pedro

Nuremberg

Oldenburg, Henry

Opera geometrica
(Torricelli)

Opera mathematica
(Tacquet)

Opera omnia
(Torricelli)

Ordinatio pro studiis superioribus

“Ordo servandus in addiscendis disciplinis mathematicis”

Ottoman Empire

Oughtred, William

Owen, John

Oxford Philosophical Society

Oxford University

Pallavicino, Pietro Sforza

Papacy; fight for supremacy of; Jesuits favored by

Papal States

parabola, cubic

parabolas; infinite; quadrature of

paradoxes; as acceptable to Galileans; of bowl circumference; of continuum; of indivisibles; of Zeno

parallelogram

Parlement of Paris

Parliament, English; Long; Rump; universities reformed by

Paul III, Pope

Paul V, Pope

Peasants’ Revolt

Pell, John

Peloponnesian War
(Thucydides)

Pepys, Samuel

Percy, Henry

Percy family

Pereira, Benito; on infinitely divisible continuum

perspective

Peru

Petrarch, Francesco

Philip of Hesse

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

philosophy;
see also
freedom to philosophize

physical world, mathematics matched with

physics; Aristotelian

Physics
(Aristotle)

pi

Piccolomini, Francesco

Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni

Pierrepont, Lord

plane, composition of

plane geometry

planes

planets; paths of

Plato

points, definition of

Polanco, Juan de

Poland

Possevino, Antonio

Presbyterians

Pride’s Purge

Principia mathematica
(Newton)

Problemata geometrica sexaginta
(Angeli)

projectiles

Protestants, Protestantism; Bible accessible in; calendar reform and; Catholicism vs.; conversion to; on faith and good works; in France; and “priesthood of all believers”

Ptolemy

Puritans

Pythagoras

Pythagoreans

Pythagorean theorem

Quadratura parabola
(Valerio)

quadrature of circle

Quakers

radio

Rafael

Raleigh, Walter

Raleigh family

Ranters

rational order

Ratio studiorum
(Ignatius of Loyola)

Reformation; and Counter-Reformation

regula

“Regulations for Higher Studies”

relative infinity

relativity

Restoration

Ricci, Matteo

Ricci, Michelangelo

Riccioli, Giambattista

Richelieu, Cardinal

Roberval, Gilles Personne de

Rocca, Giannantonio

Rodriguez

Rome

Rosco

Roundheads

Royalists

Royal Society; experimentalism of; mathematics distrusted by

Rubens, Peter Paul

Rump Parliament

Rusconi, Camillo

Russian Orthodox Church

Rutherford, Ernest

sacraments

Sacrobosco

St. Georges Hill

St. Peter’s Basilica

St. Vincent, Gregory; circle allegedly squared by

Sangallo

Santarelli, Antonio

Santi, Leone

Sarpi, Paolo

Saxony

Scaliger, Joseph Justus

Scheiner, Christoph

scholasticism

school divinity

Schwenckfeld, Caspar von

science: authority in; faith and

scientific revolution

scientists

Scotland

Seekers

semi-gnomons

Senate: Bolognese; Venetian

Serious and Faithful Representation, A

Sforza

Shakespeare, William

Sidereus nuncius
(Galileo),
see
Starry Messenger, The

Sigismund III, King of Poland

Sistine Chapel

Six Lessons to the Professors of Mathematics, One of Geometry, the Other of Astronomy
(Hobbes)

Society of Jesus: absolute truth as belief of; banned from teaching in France; calendar reform and; Castelli’s application to; colleges of; creation of; early leaders of; eclipse of; educational system of; Galileo’s tension with; geometry as core of mathematical practice of; growing interest in indivisibles in; growth of; guiding principles of; hierarchy of; mathematics as core discipline in; as meritocracy; orderliness of; Pallavicino’s challenge to; papal supremacy defended by; Revisors General of; training in; travels of

Society of Jesus, indivisibles opposed and banned by; Angeli’s dispute with; Cavalieri attacked by; hidden facets of; legal track of; St. Vincent’s work and; victory in

Socinians

solar calendar

solids, composition of

Sorbière, Samuel; English Republican spirit disdained by; Hobbes praised by

Sorbonne

Sover, Bartholomew

Soviet Union

Spain

Spallanzani, Lazzaro

Spanish Armada

specchio ustorio, Lo
(Cavalieri)

spheroids

spirals

Spiritual Exercises, The
(Ignatius of Loyola)

Sprat, Thomas

squaring of circle,
see
quadrature of circle

Stalin, Joseph

Starry Messenger, The
(Galileo)

steam engines

Stevin, Simon

Strafford, Earl of

straightedge

Strassburg

strings, vibration of

Stubbe, Henry

Suárez, Francisco

sunspots

surfaces: definition of; as indivisible

Sweden

Swift, Jonathan

Swiss Confederacy

Switzerland

syllogisms

Tacquet, André; Angeli’s dispute with; Cavalieri disputed by

tangents

Tartaglia, Niccolò Fontana

technology

telescope

Theodosius

theology

thermodynamics

Thirty-Nine Articles

Thirty Years’ War

Thomas Aquinas

Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin

Thucydides

tides

Tilly, Count

time, as indivisible

Titian

Torricelli, Evangelista; Cavalieri vs.; conservatism of; continuum as seen by; death of; indivisibles supported by; mathematics professorship offered to; paradoxes as seen by; Wallis influenced by

Torricellian experiment

totalitarianism

Tractatus de Sphaera
(Sacrobosco)

transcendental numbers

Treatise on Angular Sections
(Wallis)

Treatise on Heresy …
(Santarelli)

Treatise on the Power of the Supreme Pontiff in Temporal Affairs
(Bellarmine)

Trew Law of Free Monarchies, The
(James I)

triangles

Trinity

trisection of angle

truth, hierarchy of

Truth Tried
(Wallis)

Turner, Peter

Unitarians

universal gravitation

Urban VIII, Pope

Urbino, Duchy of

vacuum; nature’s abhorrence of

Valerio, Luca; resignation from Lincean Academy

Valois

van Schooten, Frans

Venetian Senate

Vere, Horatio

Vere, Lady Mary

Vesalius

Viète, François

Villamena, Francisco

Vindicationes Societatis Iesu
(Pallavicino)

Vitelleschi, Mutio

Viviani, Vincenzo

Volta, Alessandro

Voltaire

volumes, calculation of

voting rights

Voyage to England, A
(Sorbière)

Wallenstein, Albrecht von

Wallis, Joanna

Wallis, John; appointed Oxford professor; commoners mistrusted by; death of; deductive proofs of; dogmatism abhorred by; experimental mathematics of; Hobbes’s dispute with; indivisibles defended by; infinite series in proofs of; infinity sign invented by; introduction to mathematics of; material notions in mathematics of; mathematics as pragmatic for; as Parliamentarian; plurality in politics of; Royal Society joined by; Scholasticism mastered by; sensory basis of knowledge as belief of; textbooks written by

Wallis, John, Sr.

Ward, Seth

wars of Castro

Watson, James

Westphalia, Peace of

White, Richard

White Mountain, Battle of

Wiles, Andrew

William III, King of England

Winstanley, Gerrard

Wittenberg

women, right to vote of

Woods, Anthony

Worms, Diet of

Wright, John Michael

Zeno the Eleatic

Zwingli, Huldrych

ALSO BY AMIR ALEXANDER

Duel at Dawn: Heroes, Martyrs, and the Rise of Modern Mathematics

Geometrical Landscapes: The Voyages of Discovery and the Transformation of Mathematical Practice

A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Amir Alexander is the author of
Geometrical Landscapes
and
Duel at Dawn: Heroes, Martyrs, and the Rise of Modern Mathematics
. His work has been featured in
Nature
,
The Guardian
, and other publications. He teaches history at UCLA and lives in Los Angeles, California.