Inside Scientology (59 page)

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"step into the exciting world":
Cooper,
The Scandal of Scientology,
p. 13; Malko,
Scientology: The Now Religion,
p. 7.
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More recently, the Kabbalah:
Ruth La Ferla, "Objects of Jewish Devotion Evolve into a Fashion Fad,"
New York Times,
June 29, 2004.

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Leonard Cohen, Cass Elliot:
Malko,
Scientology: The Now Religion,
p. 6.
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even Jim Morrison:
Ibid., p. 7.
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"Scientology can do more":
William Burroughs,
Naked Scientology,
p. 72, citing a statement made in the
Los Angeles Free Press,
March 6, 1970.
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Charles Manson, for one:
Vincent Bugliosi,
Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders,
pp. 176–78, 318, 610.

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At the close of 1967:
The $1 million figure is an approximation taken from what Atack, in
A Piece of Blue Sky
(p. 170), writes was a sum of £457,277 for the year ending April 1967 (or roughly £9,000 per week).
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averaged
$80,000:
Atack,
A Piece of Blue Sky,
p. 171. By August 1967, "Saint Hill was taking in as much as £40,000 a week, almost five times its income of the previous year."
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"run-of the-mill, garden-variety":
Lecture, "Creative Admiration Processing," January 10, 1953; Saint Hill Special Briefing Course-82 6611C29.

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Enturbulated
was a word:
Hubbard,
Scientology and Dianetics Technical Dictionary,
p. 144.
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"rationality toward the greatest":
Ibid., p. 146.
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"Conditions of Existence":
Ibid., p. 86. This refers to the so-called ethics conditions. In a more general sense, Scientology defines three basic "conditions of existence" that define life: "beingness," "doingness," and "havingness" (ibid., p. 87).

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He had resigned:
Atack,
A Piece of Blue Sky,
p. 167; Miller,
Barefaced Messiah,
p. 263; Cooper,
The Scandal of Scientology,
p. 110.
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He was "Fabian":
On the recording of "Ron's Journal '67," Hubbard advised his followers that "so long as we are Fabian—elusive—we grow strong." Jon Atack, in an online essay, "General Report on Scientology" (home.snafu.de/tilman/j/general.html#JCA-84), takes it a bit further: "Hubbard asserted that the Sea Org is 'fabian,' and redefined that word to mean 'using stratagem and delay to wear out an opponent.' Hubbard wanted the Sea Org to be seen as 'a determined but elusive and sometimes frightening group.'"
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To ingratiate himself:
Miller,
Barefaced Messiah,
p. 259.
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he had come to Africa:
Atack,
A Piece of Blue Sky,
p. 166; "Millionaire in Bumi Hills Hotel Deal,"
Sunday Mail Reporter
(Rhodesia), May 22, 1966.

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refused to renew his visa:
"U.S. Financier Is Refused Residence Permit,"
Bulawayo Chronicle,
July 14, 1966; "Financier Must Quit Rhodesia,"
Rhodesia Herald,
July 14, 1966.
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David Ziff, an heir:
According to Hawkins and other former Scientologists, Ziff was the son of William B. Ziff Sr., founder of Ziff-Davis, and a brother of William Ziff Jr., who built the company into an empire, publishing such titles as
Car and Driver
and
Popular Mechanics.
Ziff's 2006 obituary in the
New York Times,
however, made no mention of David Ziff, nor has his name come up in other references to the Ziff family, possibly due to his long estrangement over Scientology.

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"We are rolling up":
Hubbard, Executive Directive 42 INT, November 4, 1968.
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had isolated the enemy:
Hubbard, "Stability," Executive Directive 51 INT, November 24, 1968.

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"In all the broad Universe":
"Ron's Journal '67."
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"undesirable alien" ... "pseudo-philosophical cult":
Atack,
A Piece of Blue Sky,
pp. 182–83;
Enquiry into the Practice and Effects of Scientology
(The Foster Report), by Sir John Foster, 1971,
www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/audit/fosthome.html
.
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carrying banners that said:
Wallis,
The Road to Total Freedom,
p. 204; C. H. Rolph,
Believe What You Like,
pp. 52, 102.

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"We are masters of IQ":
Hubbard, "The Special Zone Plan: The Scientologist's Role in Life," HCO Bulletin, June 23, 1960.
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"If attacked on some vulnerable":
Hubbard, "Dept. of Govt. Affairs," HCO Policy Letter, August 15, 1960.
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"To take over absolutely":
Hubbard, CS-G "Confidential: Intelligence Actions, Covert Intelligence, Data Collection," December 2, 1969.

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"safeguard Scientology orgs":
Hubbard, "The Guardian," HCO Policy Letter, March 1, 1966.

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"riots and disaffection":
Order of the Day, November 18, 1970. Hubbard accused
Time
's medical and health editor of being a member of the World Federation of Mental Health, and also went on, in this issue, to accuse much of the American press of being Communist.

5. Travels with the Commodore

The primary sources for this chapter were Jeff Hawkins, Neville Chamberlin, Alan Walter, Mike Henderson, Glenn Samuels, Gerry Armstrong, Gale Irwin, DeDe Reisdorf, and Karen Gregory, who provided personal recollections of life in the Sea Org and aboard the
Apollo
. For a less personal view of Hubbard's years at sea, I turned to Miller's
Barefaced Messiah
and Atack's
A Piece of Blue Sky,
as well as to L. Ron Hubbard's policy statements and bulletins issued in the 1960s and 1970s, his book
Mission into Time,
and several other Scientology publications.

I gleaned a fuller understanding of the Xenu and OT 3 myth through discussions with J. Gordon Melton at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and through lengthy conversations with Jeff Hawkins, Chris Many, and several other former members, as well as with Mike Rinder. James Lewis's book
Scientology
also offered an excellent scholarly perspective.

For insight into Scientology's marketing strategy, I relied upon Scientology's "sales bible,"
Surefire Sales Closing Techniques
(Parker Publishing Company, 1971), and L. Ron Hubbard's compilation of sales-related bulletins, contained in the Church of Scientology's "Hard Sell Reference Pack." I also had the good fortune to have access to a trove of Scientology ads, circulars, brochures, and other written material made available to me primarily through the J. Gordon Melton Collection at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

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a three-story, 3,278-ton behemoth:
Hubbard,
Modern Management Technology Defined
(referred to as "
The Admin Dictionary"
), p. 25; Cooper,
The Scandal of Scientology,
p. 51.
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"aristocracy of Scientology":
Flag Order 137, The Sea Organization, September 12, 1967.

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"My crew were sixteen men":
Sunday Mirror,
December 24, 1967, as cited in Atack,
A Piece of Blue Sky,
p. 174.

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"My first thought was, this":
Miller,
Barefaced Messiah,
p. 283.

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"Don't explain. Penetrate":
Hubbard, "Dissemination Tips," HCO Bulletin, September 15, 1959.

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a technique he'd picked up:
Hubbard was particularly captivated by so-called super-salesman Les Dane, whose 1971 book,
Surefire Sales Closing Techniques,
became required reading for all Scientology registrars and other sales staff. Included in the book are instructions on how to use applied psychology when dealing with customers and how to "tag team" or "double team" a prospective buyer, which is a common tactic used in Scientology organizations, particularly with reluctant prospects.
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"more or less in a hypnotic daze":
Hubbard, HCO Policy Letter, September 26, 1979.
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"We have learned the hard way":
Hubbard, "Handling the Public Individual," HCO Policy Letter, April 16, 1965.

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In 1967 when Jeff joined: The Auditor,
numbers 24 and 25, 1967.
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Four years later, that number:
There were forty-three Scientology organizations worldwide in 1971.
The Auditor,
number 69, 1971.
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"The supreme test of a thetan":
Hubbard, "The Supreme Test," HCO Bulletin, August 19, 1967.
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"MAKE MONEY. MAKE MORE MONEY":
Hubbard,
"Income Flows and Pools: Principles of Money Management," HCO Policy Letter, March 9, 1972
.
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in contrast to other gurus:
"Sect Recalled as 'Bad Dream'; Bhagwan's Deserted Buildings in Oregon Sold to Another Church,"
Washington Post,
June 27, 1987; "Rolls-Royce Guru Who Set Up Commune in Oregon Is Dead at 58," Associated Press, January 19, 1990.

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the Religious Research Foundation:
Bill Driver, "Scientology on Trial,"
Willamette Week,
May 30–June 5, 1985; Robert Lindsey, "Scientology Chief Got Millions, Aides Say,"
New York Times,
July 11, 1984.
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"It was fraud": New York Times,
July 11, 1984.

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"Hubbard's noting that human souls":
"Aspects of Scientology's Founding Myth," cited in James R. Lewis,
Scientology,
p. 375.

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Hubbard's announcing OT 3:
Interview with Neville Chamberlin.
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"help Ron clear the planet":
This phrase, cited in the "Foster Report," part of a 1970 report on Scientology and Dianetics by Professor John A. Lee in Ontario, Canada (
Sectarian Healers and Hypnotherapy,
e-book chapter 4 at
www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/audit/lee.html
), is also present in numerous Scientology publications of the time, and was told to me by many former members.
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"just a shade above Clear":
Certainty
magazine, volume 5, number 10.

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The Scientology magazine: Advance,
December 1974, March 1975, and May 1975.
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"What would Ron do?":
Hubbard, "Post, Handling of," HCO Policy Letter, September 12, 1967. Hubbard encouraged his followers to think this way. In this policy letter, he stated that every Scientology staff member was wearing the Founder's "administrative hat" at their post.

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He'd been a racecar driver:
Miller,
Barefaced Messiah,
pp. 279–80.
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He'd sailed with the Carthaginian:
Hubbard,
Mission into Time,
p. 33.
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had served as a tax collector:
Atack,
A Piece of Blue Sky,
p. 178.
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troves of gold and jewels:
Hubbard,
Mission into Time,
p. 59. Neither the crew of the
Enchanter
nor of the other two ships ever found any treasure—though many would swear they found evidence of ancient temples and other ruins that Hubbard promised would be there. "Ron would make little clay models for us," explained one of Hubbard's most dedicated followers, Yvonne Gilham, in 1968, after returning from a five-week voyage through the Sicilian Channel, which Hubbard dubbed the Mission into Time. In Hubbard's clay renderings—he'd also occasionally draw pictures, Gilham said—he would depict, for example, a set of hills, where on one side, he said, would be a temple. "Sure enough we'd go over and there would be two hills and there on the left would be the temple. Then he'd say, 'On the hill, there will be a tower.' And we'd go along and, sure enough, there would be the tower. We just followed the models and followed his drawings and we'd hit the target. It was like that all the time."
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"I am literally petrified":
Letter to J. Edgar Hoover, February 13, 1973, FBI File #264, names redacted.
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"If your parents or friends":
Hubbard, "Order of the Day," distributed to the
Apollo
staff, May 2, 1969. Provided to author by a former Sea Org member.

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"The red chair to us":
Miller,
Barefaced Messiah,
p. 320.

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"emissaries of the Commodore":
"Commodore's Messengers," Flag Order 3729, September 15, 1978.

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One Trinidadian newspaper:
Robert Gillette, "Scientology Flagship Shrouded in Mystery,"
Los Angeles Times,
August 28, 1978.

6. Over the Rainbow

To understand the intricacies of the Operation Snow White case, and the government response, I relied upon court documents, primarily the transcript of the government's 1979 case,
United States v. Mary Sue Hubbard et al.,
493 F. Supp. 209;
United States v. Mary Sue Hubbard et al.,
Stipulation of Evidence for Criminal Case No. 78–401;
United States v. Mary Sue Hubbard et al.,
Sentencing Memorandum for Criminal Case No. 78–401; and
United States of America v. Jane Kember, Morris Budlong aka Mo Budlong,
Sentencing Memorandum in Criminal Case 78–401 (2) & (3). I also found great insight and detail in Atack's
A Piece of Blue Sky,
which was supplemented by reporting on the raid and subsequent legal battle in the
Washington Post
and the
Los Angeles Times,
notably Robert W. Welkos and Joel Sappell, "Burglaries and Lies Paved a Path to Prison" (
Los Angeles Times,
June 24, 1990).

For the personal recollections pertaining to Operation Snow White and other Guardian's Office intelligence operations, I interviewed Nancy Many, Gerry Armstrong, several former members of the Guardian's Office who wished to remain anonymous, and the author Paulette Cooper, who provided tremendous personal insight. I also referred to Cooper's journal and other writings pertaining to her harassment under Operation Freakout.