Iron Curtain (103 page)

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Authors: Anne Applebaum

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     in wake of Second World War,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
2.1
,
2.2
     
see also
anti-Semitism
;
Holocaust
Juchnowicz, Stanisław,
15.1
,
15.2
Kádár, János,
11.1
,
12.1
,
18.1
Kaiser, Jakob,
7.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.1
Kaliningrad (Konigsberg),
1.1
,
2.1
,
2.2
Kalot (National Organization of Catholic Agricultural Youth Clubs, Hungary),
7.1
,
11.1
,
18.1
Kamenovic:
see
Kremnov, Lieutenant
Karlshorst (Soviet headquarters in Berlin),
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
18.1
,
18.2
Kasman, Leon,
3.1
,
6.1
,
9.1
Katowice,
2.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
8.1
,
11.1
Katyń Forest massacre,
1.1
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
13.1
Kennan, George,
1.1
,
2.1
,
9.1
Kerkai, Father Janos,
7.1
,
7.2
Kersten, Krystyna,
1.1
,
9.1
KGB:
see
NKVD
Khrushchev, Nikita,
6.1
,
12.1
,
15.1
,
18.1
,
18.2
,
18.3
,
18.4
Kielce,
6.1
,
6.2
Kiss, Father Szaléz,
5.1
,
7.1
,
9.1
,
11.1
Kiszczak, Czesław,
4.1
,
4.2
Klein, Manfred,
7.1
,
9.1
Koestler, Arthur,
3.1
,
12.1
Kollár, Júlia,
15.1
,
15.2
,
15.3
Komsomol (Soviet communist party’s youth wing),
3.1
,
13.1
Konsum (German cooperative),
10.1
,
11.1
“Kościuszko Division” (Polish-speaking division of the Red Army),
3.1
,
4.1
,
5.1
Kossuth Radio (Hungarian radio station),
3.1
,
18.1
Kovács, Béla,
9.1
,
18.1
Kovaly, Heda,
1.1
,
6.1
Krakow
     communists and partisans in,
2.1
,
5.1
,
7.1
     economic and cultural activities in,
10.1
,
14.1
,
15.1
,
15.2
     
liberation of
     political and ethnic violence in,
1.1
,
6.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
13.1
     religious institutions in,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
11.4
,
15.1
Krotoszyn,
7.1
,
11.1
Krzyzanowski, General Alexander (
also
Wilk),
5.1
,
12.1
,
16.1
Kuhrig, Herta,
6.1
,
17.1
“Kuibyshev gang” (
Kujbyszewiacy
, Kuibyshev-trained secret police),
4.1
,
4.2
,
9.1
Kulturbund (German Cultural Union),
7.1
,
14.1
,
16.1
,
17.1
Kun, Bela,
2.1
,
3.1
,
4.1
,
10.1
     
The Joke
(novel)
Kuroń, Jacek,
16.1
,
17.1
,
18.1
L’viv:
see
Lwow
Langer, Jo (Oskar Langer’s wife),
10.1
,
12.1
League of Hungarian University and College Associations (Mefesz),
7.1
,
18.1
Lehmann, Wolfgang,
5.1
,
5.2
,
16.1
Lenin, Vladimir,
2.1
,
3.1
,
4.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
10.1
,
13.1
Leonhard, Wolfgang,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
4.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
12.1
levente
(Hungarian interwar paramilitary youth movement),
5.1
,
7.1
Lex-Nerlinger, Alice,
15.1
,
16.1
Lingner, Max,
14.1
,
14.2
,
14.3
     
Aufbau der Republik
(
Construction of the Republic
, mural),
14.1
,
14.2
Lithuania,
6.1
,
6.2
;
see also
Baltic States
Little Stalins (postwar communist leaders in Eastern Europe),
3.1
,
4.1
,
9.1
,
11.1
Lobatiuk, Józef,
4.1
,
4.2
Łódź
     and “Kuibyshev gang”,
4.1
,
4.2
     physical violence and postwar conflicts in,
1.1
,
1.2
,
6.1
,
9.1
,
10.1
Loest, Erich,
5.1
,
10.1
,
13.1
,
17.1
,
18.1
,
18.2
“London Poles”:
see
Polish government-in-exile
Lublin
     Catholic University of,
11.1
,
11.2
     physical violence and plundering in,
1.1
,
5.1
,
6.1
     and Polish Committee of National Liberation,
4.1
,
4.2
Lublin castle,
6.1
,
12.1
,
16.1
Lublin provisional government (
also
“Lublin Poles”),
4.1
,
4.2
,
5.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
9.1
Lukács, György,
11.1
,
16.1
,
18.1
Lukacs, John,
2.1
,
2.2
Lwow (
or
L’viv),
1.1
,
1.2
,
5.1
,
6.1
Lysenko, Trofim,
7.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
Mafilm
;
see also
Hunnia
Magyar Radio:
see
Hungarian Radio
Mahle, Hans,
8.1
,
8.2
Makarenko, Anton,
13.1
,
13.2
,
13.3
,
13.4
Marai, Sandor,
1.1
,
2.1
Marshall, General George C.,
1.1
,
9.1
“Marshall Plan” (1947),
9.1
,
11.1
Marx, Karl Heinrich,
2.1
,
9.1
,
13.1
Marxism-Leninism:
see
Soviet communist ideology
Masaryk, Jan,
9.1
,
18.1
Merker, Paul,
12.1
,
12.2
Mielke, Erich,
4.1
,
13.1
Mikołajczyk, Stanisław,
1.1
,
4.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
Miłosz, Czesław,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
Minc, Hilary,
3.1
,
6.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
14.1
Mindszenty, Cardinal József,
7.1
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1
,
18.1
,
18.2
Moczar, Mieczysław,
4.1
,
9.1
Modrow, Hans,
1.1
,
13.1
Modzelewski, Karol,
16.1
,
18.1
Mohács,
15.1
,
15.2
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact,
1.1
,
3.1
,
3.2
Molotov, Vyacheslav,
2.1
,
3.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
11.1
,
18.1
Morawski, Jerzy,
16.1
,
16.2
Morel, Salomon,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
     Comintern’s International Lenin School in,
3.1
,
3.2
     as communist city,
14.1
,
14.2
,
15.1
     East European communists in,
3.1
,
3.2
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
5.1
,
7.1

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