Isabella and the Strange Death of Edward II (29 page)

45.
   
Cal. Cl. Rolls 1323–1327,
pp. 576–7.

46.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1324–1327,
pp. 206, 208–11.

47.
   
Cal. Cl. Rolls, 1323–1327,
p. 543.

48.
   
Cal. Papal Registers 1305–1342
II, pp. 477, 479.

49.
   Walsingham,
Historia Anglicana
I, p. 179.

50.
   This was all known in England by January 1326: see SC.1/49/91–92 and
Foedera
II, p. 617.

51.
   
Foedera
II, pp. 636–7.

52.
   E. L. G. Stones,
The Folvills; Cal. Pat. Rolls 1324–1329,
p. 145.

53.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1324–1327,
p. 232.

54.
   Ibid., pp. 292–3.

55.
   20 September 1326 is the last day Isabella and her group are mentioned in the Hainault account. See
Rekiningen Van de Herberge Van Joanna Van Valois 1319–1326,
XLVI ed. H. Smit, (Historisch Genootschap, 3rd Series, 1924), p. 261.

56.
   
Cal. Cl. Rolls 1323–1327,
p. 613.
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1324–1327,
pp. 315–16.

57.
   
Annales Paulini,
pp. 313–14.

58.
   Walsingham,
Historia Anglicana
I, p. 180;
Swynbroke,
p. 21;
Knighton
I, p. 435.

59.
   
Foedera
II, pp. 643, 644. The King could only raise four volunteers in the entire capital, see Trin. Coll. Camb., R.5.41, f. 121 V.

60.
   C/62/103 M.2.

61.
   Anthony Wood,
History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford,
ed. J. Gutch (Oxford, 1729) I, p. 411.

62.
   
Historiae Anglicanae Decem. Scriptores,
ed. R. Twysden (Oxford, 1652), Col. 2765.

63.
   
Knighton
I, p. 436.

64.
   
Cal. Cl. Rolls 1323–1327,
p. 652; Antiq. Soc. Ms. 122, f. 89.

65.
   
Historia Roffensis
(Anglia Sacra), ed. H. Wharton (London, 1691), p. 366.

66.
   
Annales Paulini,
p. 315; Walsingham,
Historia Anglicana
I, p. 181; G. A. Williams,
Mediaeval London, from Commune to Capital,
(University of London, 1970), pp. 295, 296.

67.
   Trin. Coll. Camb., Ms. R.5.41, f. 123v; J. Smyth of Nibley,
The Lives of the Berkeleys,
I (Gloucester, 1883), p. 287.

68.
   
Foedera
II, p. 646.

69.
   Soc. Antiq., Mss. 122, f. 96.

70.
   
Foedera
II, p. 647.

71.
   
Annales Paulini,
p. 319;
Murimouth,
p. 49.

72.
   
Chroniques de Londres,
ed. C. J. Aungier (Camden Society, 1844), p. 49;
Vita Edwardi Secundi,
p. 143.

73.
   
Cal. Cl. Rolls. 1323–1327,
pp. 580–1.

74.
   Ibid.

75.
   The
Lanercost Chronicle
(p. 249) says Edward II sent his Dominican confessor, Thomas Dunheved, to the Pope to obtain a divorce. Dunheved was definitely out of the country.
(Cal. Papal Registers 1305–1342)
II, p. 474. This remarkable conversation is in the
Historia Roffensis
in
Anglia Sacra,
I, ed. H. Wharton (London, 1691), pp. 365–7.

76.
   The gossip surrounding such sexual misconduct can be found in the
Chronographia Regum Francorum,
ed. H. Moranville (Société d’Histoire de France, Paris 1891), vol. I, p. 285 and Willelmi Cappellani in
Brederode postea Monachi et Procuratoris Egmundensis Chronicon,
ed. C. Pijnacker Hondyk (Historisch Genootschap, 3rd Series, Amsterdam, 1904), XX, p. 177.

77.
   
Literae Cantuarienses,
ed. J. B. Sheppard (London, 1889), p. 137, n. 46.

1.
   
Brut
Chronicle I, pp. 239–40.

2.
   J. Taylor, ‘The Judgement on Hugh Despencer the Younger’, pp. 70–7.

3.
   
Knighton
I, p. 436; Trin. Coll. Camb., Mss. R.5.41, f. 123 V;
Annales Paulini,
pp. 319–20;
Brut,
p. 240. All these sources provide a graphic account of the gruesome executions.

4.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1324–1327,
pp. 339–40; C/47/3/53/7.

5.
   
Knighton
I, p. 444.

6.
   
Calendar of Plea and Memoranda Rolls of the City of London,
ed. A. H. Thomas (Cambridge, 1926), pp. 15–19.

7.
   
Cal. of Cl. Rolls 1323–1327,
p. 655;
Annales Paulini,
pp. 315, 316, 321, 322.

8.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1324–1327,
pp. 343–6.

9.
   
Cal. of Plea and Memoranda Rolls,
pp. 42–3.

10.
   E/101/382/3.

11.
   
Cal. Fine Rolls 1319–1327,
p. 422;
Foedera
II, p. 647.

12.
   The source of this is the Chronicle of the Hainaulter Froissart and an ‘Apologia’ published by Adam Orleton in 1334.
Oeuvres de Froissart,
ed. Kervyn de Letternhove (Brussels, 1867) II, p. 85.
Winchester Cathedral Cartulary,
ed. A. W. Goodman (Winchester, 1927), pp. 104–7.

13.
   
The source for the proceedings are two very scholarly articles: M. McKisack, ‘The Fourteenth Century’, pp. 90 et seq. and M. V. Clarke, ‘Committees of Estates and the deposition of Edward II,
Historical Essays in honour of James Tait,
(Manchester, 1933).

14.
   
Historia Roffensis
(Anglia Sacra) I, p. 367.

15.
   Walsingham
Historia Anglicana
I, p. 186.

16.
   Ibid., p. 188.

17.
   
Swynbroke,
p. 28;
Chronique de Froissart,
ed. S. Luce (Paris, 1869), Vol. I, Part II. p. 257.

18.
   
Swynbroke,
p. 29;
Brut,
p. 252.

19.
   This poetry is ascribed to Edward II, see Fabyan:
New Chronicles of England and France,
ed. H. Ellis (London, 1811), p. 430.

20.
   
Winchester Cathedral Cartulary,
ed. A. W. Goodman (Winchestes, 1927), p. 107.

21.
   T. F. Tout,
‘The Captivity and Death of Edward of Caernavon, Collected Papers of T. F. Tout
III, (Manchester, 1934), p. 157.

22.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
pp. 79–81.

23.
   Ibid., pp. 99–100; S.C.I./29/64.

24.
   
Knighton
I, p. 444.

25.
   E/101/382/10M.6;
Knighton
I, p. 444.

26.
   Tout, ‘The Captivity and Death of Edward’, pp. 156, 157.

27.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
pp. 130, 154.

28.
   J. Smyth
The Lives of the Berkeleys
I, p. 292.

29.
   This is all mentioned in the ‘Compotus’ or Account of the Clerk Hugh Glanville, printed with a commentary in S. A. Moore’s article, ‘Documents relating to the Death and Burial of Edward’,
Archaeologia
(1887), Vol. 50, Pt. I, pp. 215–26.

30.
   T. F. Tout, ‘The Captivity and Death’.
Swynbroke,
p. 31;
Annales Paulini,
p. 333; Smyth,
Lives of the Berkeleys
I, p. 293.

31.
   
Murimouth,
pp. 52–4.

32.
   Tout, ‘The Captivity and Death of Edward’.

33.
   
Murimouth,
p. 52. J. Smyth of Nibley’s account proves this, in
Lives of the Berkeleys
I, p. 293.

34.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1327–1330,
pp. 130, 154.

35.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
p. 153.

36.
   The main source of evidence is F. J. Tanquerery’s edition and commentary on J. Walwayn’s Letter in his article: ‘The Conspiracy of Thomas Dunheved, 1327’,
Eng. Hist. Rev.
(1916), XXXI, pp. 119–25.

37.
   Smyth,
Lives of the Berkeleys,
I, p. 299.

38.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
p. 154.

39.
   
Ibid.,
p. 158.

40.
   KB/27/270 (Michaelmas/Edward II), Mem. 29;
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
pp. 386, 557, 572.

41.
   The fate of the gang is mysterious: some were arrested (Tanquerery, Conspiracy of Thomas Dunheved’, p. 124). Thomas Dunheved disappeared into prison. (
Annales Paulini,
p. 337). Stephen lived
long enough to join Kent’s conspiracy
(Cal. Fine Rolls 1327–1337),
p. 169).

42.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
p. 100.

43.
   KB/27/274. M. 10.

44.
   Tanquerery, ‘Conspiracy of Thomas Dunheved’, p. 120.

45.
   
Cal. Cl. Rolls 1327–1336,
pp. 217–18;
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1336
, p. 207.

46.
   C/53/114/20 and 15.

47.
   For the full account and text, see Tout, ‘The Captivity and Death of Edward’.

48.
   
Annales Paulini
p. 337;
Canon of Bridlington,
pp. 97–8;
Murimouth,
pp. 53–5;
Polychronicon
VIII, p. 324;
Knighton
I, p. 446;
Swynbroke,
pp. 33–4.

49.
   
Swynbroke,
pp. 31–2.

50.
   Tout, ‘Death and Captivity of Edward II’, p. 164.

51.
   
Winchester Cathedral Cartulary,
pp. 104–7.

52.
   
Chronica Monasterii de Melsa
II, Meaux version, p. 355.

53.
   
Murimouth,
pp. 53–4.

54.
   
Foedera
II, p. 718.

1.
   Smyth of Nibley,
Lives of the Berkeleys,
I p. 296.

2.
   
Historical Papers and Letters from Northern Registers,
ed. J. Raine (Rolls Series, London, 1873), p. 355.

3.
   D.L. 10/253.

4.
   On Gurney, see
Cal. Cl. Rolls 1327–1330,
p. 59. On Ockle, see E/101/303/16, S.C.I./38/194.

5.
   E/101/382/10. M. 19;
Foedera
II, p. 725.

6.
   Tout, ‘The Captivity and Death of Edward’, pp. 168 n1 and 169 n1.

7.
   
Lanercost
, p. 259.

8.
   The three main (and virtually only) records for the royal burial are:
Murimouth,
pp. 53–4; Smyth of Nibley,
Lives of the Berkeleys,
pp. 293–4. S. A. Moore, ‘Documents relating to the Burial of Edward II’ (
Arch.,
Vol. Part 50.1, 1887) pp. 215–26 lists all the items mentioned here including Glanville’s account. This evidence will be critically analysed later.

9.
   Brit. Lib., Add. Mss. 24, 459, f.173.

10.
   E/101/382/10. M.20.

11.
   Moore,
Documents.

12.
   
Brut,
p. 254.

13.
   
Annales Paulini,
p. 341;
Foedera
II, pp. 740–1.

14.
   Mortimer was absent from 3 March 1328 until 21 April 1328. C53/115/85 – C.53/115/69. (A list of Charter witnesses.)

15.
   
Foedera
II, p. 743; R. Nicholson,
Edward III and the Scots
(Oxford, 1965), p. 52.

16.
   
Cal. of Plea and Memoranda Rolls,
p. 63.

17.
   Ibid., p. 65.

18.
   Henry of Lancaster attempted a
coup
; hostilities were avoided when Isabella and Mortimer forced him to concede: see
Knighton
I, pp. 450–1;
Cal. Cl. Rolls. 1327–1330,
pp. 528–30.

19.
   
Annales Paulini,
pp. 342–3.

20.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls: 1327–1330,
p. 439; McKisack,
The Fourteenth Century,
p. 484.

21.
   The
Brut
Chronicle describes Mortimer’s extravagances and his son’s reaction, see pp. 261–2.

22.
   
Foedera
II, p. 783.

23.
   
Brut,
p. 266;
Swynbroke,
p. 44.

24.
   
Murimouth
(Appendix), pp. 255–7.

25.
   
Cal. of Plea and Memoranda Rolls,
p. 72.

26.
   C53/114/7.

27.
   
Cal. Papal Registers 1305–1342
, p. 499.

28.
   
Foedera
II, p. 783. The Government was still pursuing Stephen Dunheved in 1329, see
Cal. Fine Rolls 1327–1337,
p. 169.

29.
   
Cal. Fine Rolls 1327–1337,
pp. 168–9;
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
pp. 556–7;
Cal. Cl. Rolls 1330–1333,
p. 132.

30.
   
Cal. Fine Rolls 1327–1337,
p. 149;
Rot. Parl.
II, pp. 53–4.

31.
   
Cal. Pat. Rolls 1327–1330,
pp. 548, 549, 557.

32.
   
Foedera
II, p. 782.

33.
   
Brut,
pp. 265–6;
Chronica Monasterii de Melsa
II, p. 359;
Knighton
I, p. 452.

1.
   
Swynbroke,
p. 45.

2.
   C. G. Crump, ‘The Arrest of Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabella’,
Eng. Hist. Rev.
XXVI (1911), pp. 331–2.