It's a Jungle in There: How Competition and Cooperation in the Brain Shape the Mind (47 page)

Barry, Susan,
99
–
100

Bartlett, Frederic,
148

Bayes, Thomas,
117

Bayes’ Rule,
117
–
18
,
207
n38

behavioral control, inhibitory model of,
124
–
25
,
125
f
,
208
n56

Beilock, Sian,
108
,
205
n13

Bell, Charles,
24

Bell-Magendie Law,
24
–
26

Beyond the Learning Curve: The Construction of Mind
(Speelman & Kirsner),
150

biased competition theory,
58
–
59

binary digits,
61
–
62
,
201
n5

binocular rivalry,
90
–
91

Bizzi, Emilio,
202
n22

blindness, color,
87

blind spot,
91

blink suppression,
119

blocking,
137
–
38
,
210
n25

Bobo-doll experiment,
118

bottleneck,
44
,
51

Braille readers,
34
,
199
n24

brain.
See also
neurons

anarchy and order in,
4
–
5

damage,
27
–
28

functional mechanisms of,
5
–
6

Hinton and,
21

hippocampus and,
217
n71

levels of control within,
7
–
9

localization of function in,
29
–
30

macroscopic organizational features,
26
–
27

mapping of,
5
–
6

no chief executive in,
9
–
10

pain and,
129
,
208
n6

pandemonium and,
3
–
5
,
4
f
,
195
n4

recording,
28
–
29
,
198
n13

specialization identification methods,
27
–
29
,
198
n13

stimulation,
28
,
128
–
29

Bransford, John,
146

Braun, Allen,
162

“Breakthrough: Robotic Limbs Moved by the Mind” (
Sixty Minutes
episode),
206
n17

breasts,
16
,
197
n10

Broadbent, Donald,
38
–
39
,
199
n3

Brown, Roger,
116

Brown, S.,
210
n34

Bruner, Jerome,
viii

Budding, Edwin Beard,
213
n20

Campbell, Donald,
163
,
213
n22

campsite metaphor,
1
–
2

candle-on-the-wall problem,
157
–
58

cats

reflexes and,
111

visual training and,
96
–
97
,
98
–
99
,
100

cell body,
22

center-surround inhibition,
82
–
84

central-site hypothesis,
178
–
79

cheap necklace problem,
154
,
212
n4

chemistry,
180

chief executive,
9
–
10

choice RT,
60
–
61

Chomsky, Noam,
116

chunks,
63
–
64
,
201
n7

classical conditioning

blocking and,
137
–
38
,
210
n25

learning and,
135
–
37

Rescorla-Wagner model and,
138
–
39
,
139
f

cocktail party phenomenon,
40
–
41

cognitive psychology

defined,
vii

theory proposed for,
vii
–
viii

Coles, Michael,
50

color

aftereffects,
84
–
87

blindness,
87

competition

biased,
58
–
59

campsite metaphor and,
1
–
2

among cognitive candidates,
8
–
9

errors and,
106

hippocampus and,
217
n71

Holst and,
126

inhibition and,
7
,
51

interference and,
141
f
,
142
,
211
nn38–
40

levels of control and,
7
–
9

mind and,
1

population coding and,
110

reflex modulation and,
112

response,
51

set effects and,
154
–
56

sex and,
16
,
196
n8

S-R compatibility and,
71

complex feature detectors,
97

concepts

abstract generalizations and,
168

as built one on the other,
169
–
70

development of,
169
–
73

as evolutionary,
169
–
73

hierarchical model regarding,
167
–
68

learning and,
168
–
69

mating and,
175

neural network modeling approach and,
172
–
73

PDP and,
173
,
214
n19

Precambrian rabbit and,
169
–
70
,
214
n10

preferential looking and,
171

proto-,
215
n21

selectionist view of,
172

semantic dementia and,
171
–
72

stored instances and,
168

tree of life and,
173
–
74
,
174
f

conditioning.
See
classical conditioning

conditions of learning and test,
142
–
44

consciousness

altered states of,
175
–
76
,
215
n26

defining,
176
–
77

murmuration and,
177
,
215
n32

qualia and,
176
–
81

context sensitivity,
112

control.
See
levels of control

cooperation

excitation and,
7

hippocampus and,
217
n71

Holst and,
126

levels of control and,
9

population coding and,
110
,
206
n17

reflex modulation and,
112

set effects and,
154
–
56

sex and,
196
n8

crabs, horseshoe,
81
–
82

crawling,
114

creativity

alcohol and,
159
,
213
n17

genius and,
164

9-dot problem,
159
,
160
–
61
,
161
f
,
213
n16

problem solving and,
159
,
160
–
61

true,
160
–
61

Velcro and,
161

critical period effect,
99

Crossman, E. R. F. W.,
210
n34

cued recall,
130
–
33
,
208
n10

Darwin, Charles

background of,
11

deity and,
11
–
12

genius and,
164

Darwin, Erasmus,
11
,
196
n2

Darwin’s Dangerous Idea
(Dennett),
187

Darwin’s theory (Charles).
See also
natural selection

conclusions about,
193
–
94

Darwin, Erasmus, and,
196
n2

evolutionary biology and,
16
–
17

founder effect and,
17
–
18

jungle principle and,
viii

niche opportunities and,
19
,
197
n22

no-stone-goes-unturned principle and,
19
–
20

Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity
and,
164

overview of,
12
–
15

Precambrian rabbit and,
169
–
70
,
214
n10

punctuated equilibrium and,
18

sex and,
15
–
16

theory space and,
192
–
93
,
216
nn67–
68

tree of life and,
173
–
74
,
174
f

Dawkins, Richard,
187

decision making,
9
–
10

Deep Blue (computer),
105

Dell, Gary,
107

dementia, semantic,
171
–
72

demons, pandemonium and,
3
–
5
,
4
f
,
195
n4

dendrites,
22

Dennett, Daniel,
187

depth perception,
99
–
100

Desimone, Robert,
58
–
59

discrimination,
101
–
2

diver study,
143

Donders, Friedrich,
60
–
61
,
72
–
73

dorsal nerve fibers,
25

dreaming,
215
n26

dumb entities,
viii
–
ix
,
7

Duncan, John,
58
–
59

early selection,
55
,
201
n33

Ebbinghaus, Hermann,
209
n18

Edison, Thomas,
162

editing,
106
–
8
,
205
n13

efferent nerve fibers,
25
,
198
n10

ego depletion,
198
n7

election view,
37

elfs.
See also
demons

as dumb,
7

thinking and,
2
–
3

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome,
17

embodied perception,
43
,
200
n13

Emerging Minds
(Siegler),
172

emotion, memory and,
174
–
75

“The Emperor’s New Clothes” (Anderson, Hans Christian),
166
,
214
n2

encompassing theories,
191
–
92

E pluribus unum
(out of many one),
10

errors.
See also
trial-and-error learning

physical action and,
105
–
6
,
205
n7

proofreader’s,
91
–
92
,
204
n17

radio example,
106

Estes, William,
180

evolutionary biology

Darwin’s theory and,
16
–
17

founder effect and,
17
–
18

mathematical modeling and,
197
n12

niche opportunities and,
19
,
197
n22

no-stone-goes-unturned principle and,
19
–
20

planning and,
16

punctuated equilibrium and,
18

tools of,
17

evolutionary psychology,
vii

difficulties with,
184
–
85

inner-jungle principle and,
185
–
86

just so and,
184
–
85

memory and,
182
–
83

offspring survival and,
182

politics and,
184

science and,
184
–
85

sex and,
181
–
82

strippers and,
181

excitation,
23

attention and,
48

cooperation and,
7

Dell and,
107

experience

perception and,
98
–
99
,
204
n29

plasticity and,
33
–
34

extinction,
135
–
36
,
209
n22

eye-patch procedure,
98

false alarms,
145
–
47
,
212
nn52–
53

feature detectors

complex,
97

eye-patch procedure and,
98

mis-combining and,
97
–
98

neurons,
29

simple,
96

yellow Volkswagen and,
97

fecundity,
217
n70

filtering

attention and,
37

Broadbent study and,
38
–
39
,
199
n3

cocktail party phenomenon and,
40
–
41

Fixing My Gaze: A Scientist’s Journey into Seeing in Three Dimensions
(Barry),
100

flankers task,
49
–
51

flower/no-flower study,
137
–
38
,
210
n25