Kaiser's Holocaust (58 page)

40
. C. Fetzer, ‘Rassenanatomische Untersuchungen an 17 Hottenttotenkoepfen’,
Zeitschrift fuer Morphologie und Antropologie
16 (1912).

41
. Dr Stabsarzt Bofinger, ‘Einige Mitteilungen uber Skorbut’,
Deutsche militaerarztliche
Zeitschrift
39.15 (1910).

42
. ELCN, RMS, V.16, Chronik der Gemeinde Lüderitzbucht, pp. 28–9.

43
. BAB, Colonial Department, File 2140, ‘Note for the Reichstag about the Native Prisoners of War on Shark Island’, p. 88.

44
. Ibid.

45
. NAN, ZBU 2369, Secret Files, p. 113.

46
. Ibid., p. 115.

47
. BAB, Colonial Department, File 2140, ‘Note for the Reichstag About the Native Prisoners of War on Shark Island’, p. 157.

48
. Ludwig von Estorff,
Wanderungen und Kaempfe in Suedwestafrika, Ostafrika und
Suedafrika 1894–1910
(Windhoek: John Meinert (Pty) Ltd, 1996), p. 134.

49
. NAN, ZBU 456, D IV. l.3, vol. 5, p. 135.

50
. NAN, ZBU 2369, Witbooi Geheimakten, pp. 152–3.

51
. ‘Population statistics in Lüderitz (German) as of end-1906: 836 men, 94 women and 49 children under 15 years.’ NAN, ZBU 154, A. VI. a.3, p. 207. For a further discussion on these figures see Erichsen, ‘
The Angel of Death
’, pp. 134–45.

52
. They had, in a grotesque mirror image of the literal sense of the word, been decimated.

53
. NAN, ZBU 2369, Witbooi Geheimakten, p. 153.

1
. NAN, Photo collection, ref no. 2857; J. Zeller, ‘Symbolic Politics’, in J. Zimmerer and J. Zeller (eds),
Genocide in German South-West Africa: the Colonial War of
1904–1908 and Its Aftermath
(Monmouth: Merlin Press Ltd., 2008), pp. 231–49;
Kolonial-Post, 1937
, p. 6 (courtesy of Joachim Zeller); D. J. Walther,
Creating
Germans Abroad
(Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2002); J. Gewald,
We
Thought We Would Be Free
(Cologne: Ruediger Koeppe Verlag, 2000).

2
. U. van der Heyden and J. Zeller,
Kolonial Metropole Berlin
(Berlin: Berlin Edition, 2002), p. 164.

3
.
Kolonial-Post
, 1937, p. 6.

4
. K. Epstein, ‘Erzberger and the German Colonial Scandals: 1905–1910’,
The English Historical Review
74, No. 293 (Oct. 1959) pp. 637–63.

5
. NAN, ZBU 456, D IV. l.3, vol. 6, p. 88.

6
. NAN, ZBU 465, D IV. M.3, vol. 2, p. 147.

7
. Ibid., p. 119.

8
. Ibid., p. 239.

9
. G. I. Schrank, ‘German South-West Africa: Social and Economic Aspects of Its History, 1884–1915’, unpublished Ph. D. thesis (New York: New York University, 1974), p. 212.

10
. Walther,
Creating Germans
, pp. 58–9.

11
. BAK, Kl. Erw. NL 1037, Nr 8, p. 6.

12
. Walther,
Creating Germans
, p. 20.

13
. Ibid., p. 30.

14
. Ibid., pp. 90–1.

15
. Ibid., p. 93.

16
. Ibid., p 103.

17
. L. Wildenthal, ‘She Is the Victor’, in G. Eley (ed.),
Society, Culture, and the State in
Germany, 1870–1930
(University of Michigan Press, 1998), p. 374.

18
. J. W. Spidle, ‘Colonial Studies in Imperial Germany’,
History of Education
Quarterly
3.3 (Autumn 1973), pp. 231–47.

19
. M. Baericke,
Luederitzbucht: 1908–1914
(Windhoek: Namibia Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, 2001), p. 33.

20
. Klaus Dierks,
Chronology of Namibian History
(Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society, 2002), p. 138.

21
. Walther,
Creating Germans
, p. 46.

22
. There are still black Namibians today who carry the name von François, and trace their ancestry back to the von François family.

23
. Decree of the Governor of German South-West Africa on the Half-Caste Population, 23 May 1912.
Deutsches Kolonialblatt
(1912), p. 752. Quoted in Helmuth Stoecker (ed.), Bernard Zöller (trans.),
German Imperialism in Africa:
From the Beginnings until the Second World War
(London: Hurst, 1986), p. 211.

24
. R. Gordon and S. S. Douglas,
The Bushman Myth: The Making of a Namibian
Underclass
(Oxford: Westview Press, 2000); R. Gordon, ‘The Rise of the Bushman Penis: Germans, Genitalia and Genocide’,
African Studies
57.1 (1998), pp. 27–54; E. Fischer,
Die Rehobother Bastards und das Bastardierungsproblem beim Menschen
(Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1913); idem,
Begegnung Mit Toten
(Freiburg: Hans Ferdinand Schulz Verlag, 1959); M. Bayer, ‘Die Nation der Bastards’,
Zeitschrift fuer
Kolonialpolitik, Kolonialrecht und Kolonialwirtschaft
8.9 (1906), pp. 625–48.

25
. E. Fischer, ‘Das Rehobother Bastardvolk’,
Die Umshau
13 (1910), p. 1049.

26
. Fischer,
Die Rehobother Bastards
, p. 57.

27
. Ibid., p. 302.

28
. Richard Weikart,
From Darwin to Hitler
(New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p. 118.

29
. Henry Friedlander,
The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final
Solution
(Chapel Hill, NC, and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 12.

1
. H. Brodersen-Manns,
Wie Alles Anders Kam in Afrika
(Windhoek: Kuiseb Verlag, 1991); General Staff,
The Union of South Africa and the Great War 1914–1918:
Official History
(Pretoria: The Government Printing and Stationery Office, 1924); C. C. Adams, ‘The African Colonies and the German War’,
Geographical Review
1.6 (June 1916), pp. 452–4; D. E. Kaiser, ‘Germany and the Origins of World War I’,
Journal of Modern History
55.3 (Sept. 1983), pp. 442–74.

2
. E. M. Ritchie,
With Botha in the Field
(London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1915), section 1.

3
. H. F. B. Walker,
A Doctor’s Diary in Damaraland
(London: Edward Arnold, 1917).

4
. Ibid.

5
. Helmuth Stoecker (ed.), Bernard Zöller (trans.),
German Imperialism in Africa:
From the Beginnings until the Second World War
(London: Hurst, 1986), p. 272.

6
.
The Times
, 10 July 1915.

7
. Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis,
Britain and Germany in Africa: Imperial
Rivalry and Colonial Rule
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1967), p. 280.

8
. J. Silvester and J. Gewald,
Words Cannot Be Found: German Colonial Rule in
Namibia
(Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. xv–xvi.

9
. Ibid., p. xvii.

1
. Quoted in Fritz Fischer,
Germany’s Aims in the First World War
(London: Chatto & Windus, 1967), p. 618.

2
. Ibid., p. 588.

3
. Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius,
War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National
Identity and German Occupation in World War I
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 59.

4
. Woodruff Smith,
The Ideological Origins of Nazi Imperialism
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 195.

5
.
The Times
, 12 September 1918.

6
. John Horne and Alan Kramer,
German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 135.

7
. Quoted in Alan Kramer,
Dynamic of Destruction Culture and Mass Killing in the
First World War
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).

8
.
The Times
, 12 September 1918, p. 7: The ‘Militarist’ and Colonist.

9
. William Roger Louis, ‘The South West African Origins of the “Sacred Trust”, 1914–1919’,
African Affairs
66.262. (Jan. 1967), pp. 20–39.

10
. Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis,
Britain and Germany in Africa: Imperial
Rivalry and Colonial Rule
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1967), p. 346.

1
. Gregor Dallas, 1918:
War and Peace
(London: John Murray, 2000), p. 274.

2
. Ian Kershaw,
Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris
(London: Allen Lane, 1998), p. 99.

3
. David Clay Large,
Where Ghosts Walked: Munich’s Road to the Third Reich
(New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1997), p. 25.

4
. Richard Weikart,
From Darwin to Hitler
(New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p. 122.

5
. Large,
Where Ghosts Walked
, p. 91.

6
. Count von Arco-Valley survived the left-wing governments that followed the regime of Kurt Eisner. He also outlived both the Nazis and the war, only to be run over and killed by an American army jeep in 1945.

7
. Harold J. Gordon, Jr,
The Reichswehr and the German Republic 1919–1926
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957), p. 281.

8
. Nigel Jones,
The Birth of the Nazis: How the Freikorps Blazed a Trail for Hitler
(London: Robinson, 2004), p. 176.

9
. John Toland,
Adolf Hitler
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976), p. 81.

10
. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke,
Occult Roots of Nazism
(London: I. B. Tauris, 2004), p. 148.

11
. John Lukacs,
Tocqueville: The European Revolution and Correspondence with
Gobineau
(New York: Doubleday, 1959), p. 187.

12
. Kershaw,
Hitler
, p. 174.

13
. Weikart,
From Darwin to Hitler
, p. 225.

14
. Toland,
Adolf Hitler
, p. 199.

15
.
Mein Kampf
, trans. Ralph Manheim (London: Hutchinson, 1969), p. 367.

16
. Annegret Ehmann, ‘From Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy: The Role of the So-Called Mischlinge’, in Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck (eds),
The Holocaust and History: The Known, The Unknown, The Disputed and The
Reexamined
, p. 115.

17
. Weikart,
From Darwin to Hitler
, p. 222.

18
. Edwin Black,
War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create
a Master Race
(New York: Four Walls Eight Windows; London: Turnaround, 2004), p. 274.

19
. Quoted in Weikart,
From Darwin to Hitler
, p. 223.

20
. G. E. Schafft,
Racism to Genocide
(Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2004), p. 62.

1
. M. Burleigh and W. Wippermann,
The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).

2
. J. Noakes and G. Pridham (eds),
Nazism: A History in Documents and Eyewitness
Accounts, 1919–1945
(University of Exeter Press, 1983), vol. 1, p. 133.

3
. Annegret Ehmann, ‘From Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy: The Role of the So-Called Mischlinge’, in Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck (eds),
The Holocaust and History: The Known, The Unknown, The Disputed and The
Reexamined
1998, p. 123.

4
. Henry Friedlander,
The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the
Final Solution
(Chapel Hill, NC, and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 25.

5
. Burleigh and Wippermann,
Racial State
, p. 48.

6
. O. Hintrager, ‘Das Mischehen-Verbot von 1905, in Deutsch-Suedwestafrika’,
Africa-Nachrichten
22.2 (Feb. 1941), pp. 18–19.

7
. Clarence Lusane,
Hitler’s Black Victims
(New York and London: Routledge, 2002), p. 138.

8
. Ehmann, ‘Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy’, p. 121.

9
. Ingo Haar and Michael Fahlbusch,
German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing,
1920–1945
(New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2005), p. 15.

10
. Ehmann, ‘Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy’, p. 121.

11
. Benno Müller-Hill,
Murderous Science
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 71.

12
. L. H. Gann and Peter Duigan,
The Rulers of German Africa, 1884–1914
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1977), p. 254.

13
. NAN, WH/SMA ‘erster Jahresbericht der Kolonialen Lehrschau und Schulungsstaette Dr H. E. Göring-Kolonialhaus Hannover 1939/40’.

14
. B. Bennett,
Hitler over Africa
(London: T. Werner Laurie, 1939), p. 1.

15
. S. Friedrichsmeyer, S. Lennox and S. Zantop (eds),
The Imperialist Imagination:
German Colonialism and Its Legacy
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press 1998).