Kaiser's Holocaust (55 page)

1
. Leonard Mosley,
The Reich Marshal: A Biography of Hermann Goering
(London: Pan, 1977), pp. 427–8.

2
.
The Trial of German Major War Criminals: Proceedings of the International
Military Tribunal Sitting at Nuremberg, Germany, 20th November, 1945, to
1st October, 1946
(London: HM Stationery Office, 1946–51), Part 9 (12–22 March 1946), p. 63.

3
. Ibid., p. 81.

4
. G. M. Gilbert,
Nuremberg Diary
, p. 202.

5
.
Trial of German Major War Criminals 9
, p. 63.

6
. Erich Gritzbach,
Hermann Goering: The Man and His Work
(London: Hurst & Blackett, 1939), p. 222.

7
. Joseph Conrad,
Heart of Darkness with The Congo Diary
(Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1995), p. 58.

1
. Eric Axelson,
Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers
(London: Faber and Faber, 1973), p. 84.

2
. Ibid., p. 87.

3
. Ibid., p. 85.

4
. Phillip D. Curtin,
The Image of Africa
(Madison, WI, and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973), vol. 1, p. 94.

5
. See P. I. Hoogenhout, ‘An Abbe and an Administrator’, in
SWA Annual
21 (1965), pp. 24–5.

6
. F. Williams,
Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa: A History of
Owambo Kingdoms 1600–1920
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1991), pp. 30–5; P. Hayes and D. Haipinge (eds),
‘Healing the Land’: Kaulinge’s
History of Kwanyama
(Cologne: Ruediger Koeppe Verlag, 1997).

7
. The matrilineal Lele people of the Congo (Kinshasa) also worship the deity called Njambi.

8
. B. Lau,
Namibia in Jonker Afrikaner’s Time
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1987).

9
. Oral history interviews with various Nama elders (NAN, NiD/NaDS Accession), some of which are published in C. W. Erichsen,
What the Elders Used to Say
(Windhoek: Namibia Institute for Democracy, 2008).

10
.
Namibia in Jonker Afrikaner’s Time
.

11
. Ibid.

12
. B. Lau (ed.),
Charles John Andersson: Trade and Politics in Central Namibia
1860–1864
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1989); idem (ed.),
Carl Hugo Hahn: Tagebuecher 1837–1860
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1984).

1
.
The Times
, 27 August 1884.

2
.
Journals of the London Mission Society
(Schmelen, 1819), Cape Archives, Cape Town.

3
. J. C. G. Röhl,
From Bismarck to Hitler: Problems and Perspectives in History
(London: Longmans, 1970), p. 61.

4
. Helmuth Stoecker (ed.), Bernard Zöller (trans.),
German Imperialism in Africa:
From the Beginnings until the Second World War
(London: Hurst, 1986), p. 18.

5
. Ibid., p. 31.

6
. Hans Ulrich Wehler, ‘Bismarck’s Imperialism’,
Past and Present
48 (1991), p. 129.

7
. Ibid., p. 269.

8
.
The Times
, 25 June 1888.

9
.
The Times
, 16 September 1885.

10
.
The London Globe
, 11 December 1884. Quoted in Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, ‘Domestic Origins of Germany’s Colonial Expansion under Bismarck’,
Past and Present
42 (1969), p. 127.

11
. Woodruff D. Smith,
The German Colonial Empire
(Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1978), p. 30.

12
. Stoecker,
German Imperialism
, p. 31.

13
. H. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
(Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1986), p. 23.

14
. Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis,
Britain and Germany in Africa: Imperial
Rivalry and Colonial Rule
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1967), p. 68.

15
. Mary Evelyn Townsend,
The Rise and Fall of Germany’s Colonial Empire
1884–1918
(New York: Macmillan, 1930), p. 129.

1
. H. Vedder, ‘Was Dr Göring vor 55 Jahren in Okahandja erlebte’, in
Afrikanischer
Heimatskalender
(Windhoek, 1940), pp. 33–5; O. Hintrager,
Suedwestafrika in der
deutschen Zeit
(Munich: Kommissionsverlag, 1955); Anonymous, ‘Dr Göring, Heinrich Ernst’, in W. J. DeKock (ed.),
Dictionary of South African Biography
, vol. 1 (Cape Town: Nasionale Boekhandel for the National Council for Social Research, 1968); H. E. Göring, ‘Anfang in Deutsch-Suedwest’, in W. von Langdorff,
Deutsche
Flagge ueber Sand un Palmen
(Guetersloh: C. Bertelsmann, 1936), pp. 29–40.

2
. National Archives of Namibia (NAN),
Heinrich Göring
, ‘Allerhöchste Vollmacht fuer den Kommissar in dem suedwestafrikanischen Schitzgeniete Dr. Jur. Heinrich Ernst Göring’.

3
. G. Pool,
Samuel Maharero
(Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan, 1991), pp. 38–43.

4
. Göring, ‘Anfang’, pp. 32, 35, 37. In the last week of September, Göring and his colleagues had similarly dressed up to meet the chief of Otjimbingwe; Vedder, ‘Was Dr Göring’.

5
. A. Heywood and E. Maasdorp (eds),
The Hendrik Witbooi Papers
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1995), pp. xiv, 6–13.

6
. H. Vedder, ‘Was Dr Göring’; Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, pp. 6–13. 363

7
. Göring, ‘Anfang’, p. 38.

8
. Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, p. 7.

9
. T. Leutwein,
Elf Jahre Gouverneur in Deutsch-Suedwestafrika
(Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, 1907), quoted in Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi
Papers
, p. 224.

10
. Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, p. 12.

11
. Ibid., p. 15.

12
. Ibid., p. 33.

13
. H. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
(Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1986), p. 34.

14
. Ibid.

15
. Ibid., p. 38.

16
. Archives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCN), RMS I,
Konferenzen und Synoden
1.3 (1873–1905), ‘Protokollbuch der Konferenzen in Hereroland/Bericht Uber die Verhandlungen zwischen der Herero Konferenz und Maharero gehalten zu Okahandja am 17–18 Dec 1888’ (courtesy of Dr Jan-Bart Gewald).

17
. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
, p. 41.

18
. J. Gewald,
Towards Redemption
(Leiden: CNWS, 1996), pp. 40–6.

1
. J. Gewald,
Towards Redemption
(Leiden: CNWS, 1996); idem, ‘Learning to Wage and Win Wars in Africa’ (Leiden: ASC Working Paper 06/2005); H. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
(Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1986); W. Tabel, ‘Die literature der Kolonialzeit Suewestafrikas: Memoiren beruehmter Persoenlichkeiten: Curt von Francois’, in
Afrikanischer Heimatskalender
(Windhoek, Informationsausschuss der Deutschen Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche in Suedwestafrika, 1984); G. Pool,
Samuel Maharero
(Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan, 1991).

2
. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
, p. 43.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Tabel, ‘Die literature’, p. 78.

5
. Klaus Dierks,
Chronology of Namibian History
(Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society, 2002), p. 68 (18 August 1889).

6
. Gewald,
Towards Redemption
, pp. 39–46.

7
. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
, p. 43.

8
. C. von François,
Deutsch-Suedwestafrika: Geschichte der Kolonisation bis zum
Ausbruch des Krieges mit Witbooi, April
1893 (Berlin, 1899), pp. 75–6; H. von François,
Nama und Damara
(Magdeburg, 1895), p. 122.

9
. A. Heywood and E. Maasdorp (eds),
The Hendrik Witbooi Papers
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1995), p. 98. Witbooi might also have been referring to the Anglo-German Conference of 1890.

10
. Ibid., p. 50.

11
. Ibid., pp. 84–9.

12
. Ibid., p. 102.

13
. Ibid., p. 101.

14
. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
, pp. 70–4; Union of South Africa,
Report on the
Natives of South-West Africa and Their Treatment by Germany
(London: HMSO, 1918), section V; K. Schwabe,
Mit Schwert und Pflug in Deutsch-suedwestafrika
(Berlin, 1904); Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, pp. 126–41, 207–10; National Archives of South Africa, GG office 9/269/3, Witbooi to Cleverly
(2 May 1893).

15
. Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, pp. 207–210.

16
. Ibid.

17
. For Petrus Jafta Statement, ibid., p. 210.

18
. Schwabe,
Mit Schwert
.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, p. 210.

21
. H. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
, p. 71.

1
. Sven Linqvist,
Exterminate All the Brutes
(New York: New Press, 1996), p. 135.

2
. William Winwood Reade,
Savage Africa
(London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1864), p. 452.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Richard Weikart,
From Darwin to Hitler
(New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p. 10.

5
. A. Heywood and E. Maasdorp (eds),
The Hendrik Witbooi Papers
(Windhoek: National Archives of Namibia, 1995), p. 130.

6
. Ibid.

7
. H. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
(Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1986), p. 71.

8
. Ibid., p. 72.

9
. Ibid., p. 73.

10
. Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, p. 148.

11
. Ibid.

12
. Ibid., p. 175.

13
. Ibid., p. 177.

14
. L. Von Estorff, ‘Kriegserlebnisse in Suedwestafrika’, in
Militaerwochenblatt
(1911), Beiheft 3.

15
. Heywood and Maasdorp,
Witbooi Papers
, p. 207–8.

16
. Ibid., p. 209.

17
. Ibid.

18
. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
, p. 78.

1
. J. C. G. Röhl,
From Bismarck to Hitler: Problems and Perspectives in History
(London: Longmans, 1970), p. 61.

2
. R. d’O. Butler,
The Roots of National Socialism, 1783–1933
(London: Faber and Faber, 1941), p. 193.

3
. Alexandra Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis, A History of Berlin
(London: HarperCollins, 1998), p. 228.

4
. Graf von Schweinitz et al,
Deutschland und seine Kolonien im Jahre 1896:
Amtlicher Bericht ueber die Erste deutsche Kolonial-Ausstellung
(Berlin: Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, 1897); G. Meinerke (ed.),
Deutsche Kolonialzeitung: Organ
der Deutschen Kollonialgesellschaft
, Compendium, vol. 9 (Berlin: Verlag der Deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft, 1896); Felix von Luschan,
Beitraege zur
Voelkerkunde der deutschen Schutzgebiete: Erweiterte Sonderausgabe aus dem
‘Amtlichen Bericht ueber die erste deutsche Kolonial-Ausstellung’ in Treptow 1896
(Berlin: Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, 1897); J. Zeller, ‘Friedrich Maharero: Ein Herero in Berlin’, in U. Van der Heyde and J. Zeller,
Kolonial metropole Berlin
(Berlin: Berlin Edition, 2002), pp. 206–11.

5
. Schweinitz,
Deutschland und seine Kolonien
, p. 25.

6
. Luschan,
Beitraege zur Voelkerkunde
, p. 221.

7
. Ibid.

8
. A. Zimmerman,
Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 27.

9
. Schweinitz,
Deutschland und seine Kolonien
, p. 63.

10
. J. Gewald,
Herero Heroes
(Oxford: James Currey, 1999), p. 112; H. Drechsler,
Let Us Die Fighting
(Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1986), pp. 88–119; N. Waterberg,
Mossolow
(Windhoek: John Meinert (Pty) Ltd, 1993).

1
. J. C. G. Röhl,
Wilhelm II: The Kaiser’s Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 1053.

2
. M. Goertemaker, ‘Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert’,
Schriftenreihe der
Bundeszentrale fuer politische Bildung
274 (1996), p. 357.

3
. Dietlind Wünsch,
Feldpostbriefe aus China
(Berlin: Chr. Links Verlag, 2008), p. 197.