Locust (44 page)

Authors: Jeffrey A. Lockwood

Tags: #Library, #Non-Fiction

BOOK: Locust

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CHAPTER 10

Map showing the Permanent, Subpermanent, and Temporary Zones of the Rocky Mountain locust (from C. V. Riley, A. S. Packard, Jr., and Cyrus Thomas,
Second Report of the United States Entomological Commission for the Years 1878 and 1879 Relating to the Rocky Mountain Locust and Western Cricket
[Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880]).

CHAPTER 11

Photograph of the Grasshopper Glacier lying above Montana’s Black Canyon, by Larry D. DeBrey (with permission of the photographer).

CHAPTER 12

Aerial photograph of Knife Point Glacier, Wyoming (U.S. Geological Survey).

CHAPTER 13

Postcard photograph of Bennett Avenue, Cripple Creek Colorado, 1912 (by permission of Ruth Zirkle).

CHAPTER 14

Photograph of the author on Knife Point Glacier, Wyoming, by Larry D. DeBrey (with permission of the photographer).

INDEX

Acre

Acrididae

Acridology

Aedeagus

Africa, locusts in swarm of 380 C.E.

Agassiz, Louis

Agrarianism

and ideal of self-sufficiency

vs. industrialism

Agricultural experiment stations

Agriculture, strategically diversified

AIDS

Albert’s Swarm of 1875

Alfalfa

Alternative crops

American Entomologist
(journal)

American Indians.
See
Native American Indians

American Naturalist
(magazine)

Anderson, P.W.

Andrus, Milo

Angels

Animal production.
See
Cattle grazing

Animal production

Anti-Locust Research Centre

Aquinas, Thomas

Argentina

Army

and federal relief assistance

and U.S. Entomological Commission’s calling to use to fight locusts

Army Signal Corps

Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory

Asia, central and insect outbreaks

Atkins, Annette

Atwood, Kimball C.

Aughey, Samuel, Jr.

background of

in Nebraska

and promotion of birds as predators of locusts

Aulocara elliotti

Australia

Bands

Baretooth Mountains

Beagle
(English survey ship)

Beaver

Belknap, William

Bible, ambiguous message regarding locust swarms

Big and Little Blues, crossing of nymphs

Bigheaded grasshopper

Bilateral asymmetry

Biogeography

Biological control

and California citrus

of locust

Biological diversity

Biology of locusts

Biomass

and Albert’s Swarm of 1875

of bison vs. locusts

Birds, The
(motion picture)

Bison

and extinction of as detrimental to locusts

killing of for meat and hides

and loss of buffalo favorable to locusts

as means of suppression of American Indians

population of prior to European settlement

Biting of humans

Black Canyon Lake

Black Sea basin

and agricultural cultivation and grazing

and continued locust outbreaks

Bloomer, John and Arthur

Bomar, Chuck

Bond, Orlando

Bonnet, John

Botzen, Austria

Bounty payments

Brazil

Brett, Charles

Brett, Charles H.

Brooks, Arthur

Bruner, Lawrence

Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society

Bull Lake Glacier

Burne, Jeff

Burning fields

Burning locusts

Burundi

Buxton, Patrick A.

California Fruit Growers Convention

Canfield Pans

Cannibalism

Cannon, Mary

Cantrall, Irving

Carlen, John

Carlson, Dave

Carolina grasshopper

Catastrophe theory

Cather, Willa

Cattle grazing

Central Asian locust swarms

Chalmer, Richard

Chamonix

Chapco, Bill

Charles the Bold

Chickens.
See
Poultry

Child, Albert Lyman

Chinese citrus groves

Cholera

Christian response to locusts

and Cold Springs, Minnesota Virgin Mary chapel

historical

and offering of prayers

and repentance and entreaty for removal of scourge

and settlers as sinful deserving punishment

Christianson, Tim

Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints.
See
Mormons

Cicadas

Citrus industry of California

Clark, Hiram

Clearwinged grasshopper

Climate and extinction of Rocky Mountain locust

Cline, Isaac

Clothes, eating of

Coal tar

Cobb, Stephen

Cold Springs, Minnesota

Colobmo
(television show)

Competitive exclusion

Complexity theory

Conference of Governors of 1876

Conscription fighters against locusts

Control methods.
See
Fighting against locusts

Cooke, Jay

Cooke City, Montana

Corn blight of 1970

Cottony-cushion scale

Crazy Mountains

Creationism

Criddle, Norman

and favorable places of habitat of locusts within Permanent Zone

and Permanent Zone of Rocky Mountain locust

and phase transformation of Rocky Mountain locust

Criddle, Percy

Criddle mixture

Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals, The
(Evans)

Cromwell, Oliver

Crop diversification

Crusher machines

Cyrenaica

Dakota Boom

Dakota Territories

and day of public prayer and fasting

and federal food relief assistance

and seed assistance

Dandelion

Darwin, Charles

Darwin, Thomas

Davis, Cushman

Dawson, G.M.

Days of prayer and fasting

DeBrey, Bill

DeBrey, Larry

and Grasshopper Glacier expedition of 1987

and Grasshopper Glacier expedition of 1988

and Grasshopper Glacier expedition of 1989

habitat destruction theory

and Knifepoint Glacier expedition of 1989

De Geer, Charles

Desert locust of Old Testament

Devastation of fields, description of

Diapause

Diet of human beings

Diet of locusts

Dinwoody Glacier

Disappearance of Rocky Mountain locust, from 1902 until 1995

and ability to transform their form

and ambivalent reports regarding prevailing into 1950s

lack of tracking of

not noticed or reported upon

and process of the swarm is gone

sporadic early reports of

Disease

Ditches

DNA testing

Dodge, Richard I.

Dodge County, Nebraska, July 1875

Double-blind experiment

Drought

of 1870s

and grasshopper invasions

and locust spread and fire

randomness of

Drowning locusts.
See
Flooding

Dudley, N.A.M.

Dust Bowl of the 1930s

Dynamite

Eating of locusts

Ecology and ecological balance

and bottleneck of monarch butterflies

changing processes of to control insects

effect of loss of Rocky Mountain locust upon

and extinction of bison as cause of locust swarms

and habitat bottleneck of Rocky Mountain locust

Economic depression of 1870s

Economic entomology

Riley as father of and legacy of

Riley’s description of importance of

scale of today

and U.S. Department of Interior’s Geological and Geographic Survey

Education of ordinary citizen about entomology of locusts

Edwards, George

Eggs

and bounty payments

counts of

and flooding

as key to controlling locusts

laid only in well-drained sandy cradles

and livestock tramping

and practices to destroy

Egypt

Endangered Species Act

Entomological Society of America

Environmental Entomology
(journal)

Eskimo curlew

Europe and control of locust outbreaks

Evans, Edward

Evans, Geoffrey

Evolutionary theory

and Agassiz

and Lamarck

and Riley

and Thomas

Exodus account of sixth plaque of Egypt

Extinction

of animal species

of human beings

and loss of biological diversity

Extinction of Rocky Mountain locust

effects on ecosystem of

lessons to be learned from

and possibility of finding living examples of

Extinction of Rocky Mountain locust, habitat destruction theory of

and agricultural cultivation and grazing of river valleys

and alfalfa theory

and farmers occupying river valleys in Permanent Zone

and flooding

gradual acceptance of

and harrowing and plowing

as inadvertent

and livestock

means for not sophisticated

and motive as “hope” or “greed” of farmer/settlers

Extinction of Rocky Mountain locust, past suggestions regarding

and alfalfa theory

American Indians

continued lack of conclusive explanation as of late 1980s

and degraded ecosystem theory

and extinction of bison favorable for locusts

and extinction of buffalo as detrimental to locust

and lack of indications of prolonged decline

and role of climate

and role of fire

and search for major ecological change

Fabricus, Johann Christian

Factories

Faith and works

Falk, Peter

Fallows, strategically located

Famine

Farmers/settlers

as agrarian missionaries

great increase in between 1870

and 1900

“hope” or “greed” of and extinction of Rocky Mountain locust

idealization of

numbers who died en route

and risks on the trail

and river valleys

in the Rockies

and two million people migrating to western prairies and mountains in 1870s

Farming practices, changing of in response to locusts

Farnham, Thomas

Faure, Jacobus

Federal government public assistance

of clothing and blankets

and fears of abandonment of frontier

of food and seed via Army

and grasshopper invasions of twentieth and twenty-first centuries

Female to male ratio

Fighting against locusts

and agricultural practices

and burning

and conscription of fighters

and covering plants with cloths

and flailing at locusts

and flooding

and insecticides

and invention of lethal machinery

and Mormons

and natural predators

pamphlet regarding methods

and phase transformations

and plowing

Files, F.W.

Fire

and drought and locust spread

role of in extinction of locusts

sound of locust swarm compared to

use of by American Indians to create grasslands

Fite, Gilbert

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

Flamethrowing machines

Flooding

caused by overgrazing

of fields

Flory Locust-Machine

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Forsling, Clarence

Founders and Leaders of Entomological Science

French wine industry

Furlong

Galveston storm

Genetic testing

and Knife Point Glacier specimens

and lack of indication of prolonged decline

and material from natural state of locusts

Genitalia and taxonomy of male grasshoppers

Gentleman from England
(Atkins)

Glaciers, melting of

Global warming

Glover, Townsend

Golden Mean or moderation in nature

Goshute Indians

Grant, Ulysses S.

Grasshopper

as distinguished from locust

metaphors regarding

See also
Grasshopper invasions

Grasshopper Chapel

Grasshopper Glacier

early scientific expeditions to

Gurney expedition to

physical circumstances of

shrinking of

Grasshopper Glacier expedition of 1987

and age of insects

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