 | 19. See Thomas Nagel,
The View from Nowhere
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986). The following discussion is not intended to be a critical analysis of Nagel's epistemological position. The brief commentary I give is meant as a feminist philosophical interpretation and critique of the concept of an ideal and purely objective observer whose worldview, devoid of any personal or cultural perspective, Nagel describes as being "nowhere."
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| 20. See Sandra Harding,
The Science Question in Feminism
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986) and
Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?
; Donna Haraway,
Primate Vision: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science
(New York: Routledge, 1989); Helen E. Longino, "Can There Be a Feminist Science?,"
Hypatia
2 (fall 1987): 5164, and
Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Evelyn Fox Keller,
Reflections on Gender and Science
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984); Evelyn Fox Keller,
Refiguring Life: Metaphors of Twentieth-Century Biology
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1995).
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| 21. See Lorraine B. Code,
What Can She Know?: Feminist Theory and the Construction of Knowledge
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1991); Sandra Harding and Merrill Hintikka, eds.,
Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science
(Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1983); Garry and Pearsall,
Women, Knowledge, and Reality
; Card,
Feminist Ethics
; Cole and Coultrap-McQuin,
Explorations in Feminist Ethics
; Laurie Shrage,
Moral Dilemmas of Feminism: Prostitution, Adultery, and Abortion
(New York: Routledge, 1994); Eva Feder Kittay and Diana T. Meyers, eds.,
Women and Moral Theory
(Savage, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1987); Hilde Hein and Carolyn Korsmeyer, eds.,
Aesthetics in Feminist Perspective
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993).
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| 22. See Immanuel Kant,
Lectures on Ethics
, trans. Louis Infield (London: Methuen, 1930), 16271, reprinted in Verene,
Sexual Love and Western Morality
, 15464; David Hume, "Of Polygamy and Divorces," in
Essays Moral, Political and Literary
, ed. T. H. Green and T. H. Grose (London: Longmans, Green, 1975), 23139, reprinted in Verene,
Sexual Love and Western Morality
, 14453.
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| 23. See Tong,
Feminist Thought
, chap. 1; Jaggar,
Feminist Politics and Human Nature
, chap. 7.
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| 24. Bordo, "Feminism, Postmodernism, and Gender-Scepticism," 152.
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| 25. Susan Bordo likens the postmodern perspective to "a dream of being everywhere," in ibid., 143. For a succinct review of postmodern philosophy, see Flax, "Postmodernism and Gender Relations in Feminist Theory," 5455.
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| 26. Respect for diversity on an international scale is discussed in Charlotte Bunch, "A Global Perspective on Feminist Ethics and Diversity," in Cole and Coultrap-McQuin,
Explorations in Feminist Ethics
, 17685; Harding,
Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?
, chap. 9; Amrita Basú, ed.,
The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women's Movements in Global Perspective
(Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995); Lourdes Torres and Chandra Mohanty, eds.,
Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991); M. Jacqui Alexander and Chandra Talpade Mohanty, eds.,
Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures
(New York: Routledge, 1996); Chéla Sandoval, "Feminist Forms of Agency and Oppositional Consciousness: U.S. Third World Feminist Criticism," in
Provoking Agents: Gender and Agency in Theory and Practice
, ed. Judith Kegan Gardiner (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995), 20826.
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| 27. For example, see Joan Nestle, "The Fem Question," Gayle Rubin, "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality," and Amber Hollibaugh, "Desire for the Future: Radical Hope in Passion and Pleasure," in Vance,
Pleasure and Danger
, 23241, 267319, 40110.
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