Madison's Music (41 page)

     
Founders and,
22–23

     
Free Assembly Clause of,
14
,
17
,
19–20
,
98
,
127–29

     
Free Exercise Clause of,
76
,
98
,
132
,
134–35
,
141
,
144–47

     
Free Press Clause of,
14
,
31
,
71–72
,
98
,
103–4
,
125–26

     
Free Speech Clause of,
13–14
,
17
,
19
,
20–21
,
39
,
64–66
,
72–73
,
74
,
80
,
98
,
102
,
109–16
,
118
,
121–22
,
125
,
143–44
,
210

     
freedom of association and,
30

     
“the freedom of” in,
5

     
gerrymandering and,
82–86

     
government regulation and,
9

     
hearers and,
100–102
,
118–20

     
human dignity and,
8–9
,
11

     
Kant and,
18
,
98
,
129

     
Kennedy and,
232n55

     
libel and,
9
,
111
,
186

     
literalism and,
174–75

     
lost features of,
13–15

     
lying and,
106–7

     
Nazism and,
100–101

     
Occupy Wall Street and,
127–29

     
originalism and,
6

     
participants in,
97–131

     
Petition Clause of,
17
,
18
,
20
,
88–91
,
98

     
as poem,
1–4

     
primary elections and,
59

     
pure speech and,
65

     
purpose of,
7–10

     
racial minorities and,
100

     
religious conscience and,
134

     
Republican Form of Government Clause and,
41
,
42
,
43
,
230n6

     
Republican Party and,
111

     
right to know and,
102

     
secrecy and,
102

     
secular conscience and,
31
,
134

     
speakers and,
99–100

     
speech in,
19

     
speech targets and,
104
,
129–31

     
strict scrutiny and,
65
,
121
,
123

     
Supreme Court and,
10–12
,
19
,
78
,
99
,
100–101
,
106–9

     
sweat equity,
127–29

     
text of,
5

     
third parties and,
60

     
Vietnam War and,
193–94

     
violent video games and,
107–8

     
voting and,
14
,
61
,
76–79

     
woman's right whether to bear a child and,
101

     
World War I and,
189

flag burning

     
First Amendment and,
11
,
99
,
113

     
as pure speech,
123

flag saluting,
232–33n7

     
First Amendment and,
134
,
191

     
in World War II,
183

Florida.
See also
Bush v. Gore

     
convicted felons in,
49–50

     
Equal Protection Clause and,
49

Flynn, Elizabeth Gurly,
192–93

formal accusation, Fifth Amendment and,
25

Fortas, Abe,
183

Founders

     
Articles of Confederation and,
198

     
Bill of Rights and,
1

     
conscience and,
30

     
First Amendment and,
22–23

     
Free Press Clause and,
31

     
Petition Clause and,
89

     
privacy and,
31

     
religious conscience and,
138

     
Republican Form of Government Clause and,
43

     
Second Amendment and,
23

     
Souter and,
29

     
Third Amendment and,
23

Fourteenth Amendment

     
Burger Court and,
45

     
convicted felon voting and,
45–46

     
Due Process Clause of,
31
,
71
,
77–78
,
78
,
205

     
Equal Protection Clause of,
41
,
47–50
,
54
,
69
,
71
,
78
,
230n4

     
equality and,
44

     
slavery and,
176

Fourth Amendment,
25
,
227n2

     
Committee of Eleven and,
213

     
exclusionary rule and,
123

     
undercover agents in Muslim institutions and,
28

     
“unreasonable search and seizure” in,
15
,
26
,
28
,
175

     
Warrant Clause of,
26

France

     
free speech in,
105

     
Jefferson and,
153

     
judicial review in,
180–81
,
240n34

     
universal suffrage in,
35

Frankfurter, Felix,
52
,
57
,
191

     
Baker v. Carr
and,
40

     
“one man, one vote” principle and,
74

Franklin, Benjamin,
6
,
185

Free Assembly Clause, of First Amendment,
5
,
14
,
17
,
19–20
,
98
,
127–29

Free Exercise Clause

     
conscience and,
146

     
democracy and,
135

     
of First Amendment,
76
,
98
,
132
,
134–35
,
141
,
144–47

     
Supreme Court and,
144–47

Free Press Clause

     
campaign finance and,
71–72
,
80

     
for conduits,
103–4

     
Constitution and,
71

     
corporations and,
71–72

     
of First Amendment,
14
,
17
,
31
,
71–72
,
98
,
103–4
,
125–26

     
Founders and,
31

Free Speech Clause

aristocratic speakers and,
143

     
aspirations and,
109–16

     
campaign finance and,
20–21
,
39
,
64–66

     
Committee of Eleven and,
210

     
compelling interest and,
121

     
democracy and,
20

     
deregulation and,
109–16

     
Establishment Clause and,
143–44

     
of First Amendment,
13–14
,
17
,
19
,
20–21
,
39
,
64–66
,
72–73
,
74
,
80
,
98
,
102
,
109–16
,
118
,
121–22
,
125
,
143–44
,
210

     
Kennedy on,
70

     
nonprofit organizations and,
72–73

     
procedural hurdles for,
121–22

     
Supreme Court and,
13–14
,
20
,
102
,
109–16
,
121–22
,
125

     
torture and,
118

freedom

     
in Bill of Rights,
2

     
democracy and,
2

“the freedom of,” in First Amendment,
5

freedom of association,
19–20

     
democracy and,
87

     
First Amendment and,
14
,
30

     
Harlan and,
30
,
76
,
86
,
111

     
Supreme Court and,
88

free-market capitalism, First Amendment and,
7

French Revolution,
153

Freud, Sigmund,
132

Frohwerk, Jacob,
190

Frost, Robert,
223

Fugitive Slave Clause,
181

gag rules,
90

Gale, George,
207

Galileo,
99
,
233n2

gatekeeper control, Free Press Clause and,
126

Gates, Robert,
199

gay marriage,
33

gender equity,
78

Georgia,
237–38n9

Germany, free speech in,
105

Gerry, Elbridge,
197
,
199
,
208
,
217

gerrymandering,
51–55

     
Equal Protection Clause and,
54

     
equality and,
84

     
First Amendment and,
82–86

     
Gerry and,
208

     
by Republican Party,
84–85
,
229n13
,
229n14

     
Senate and,
55