Magnificent Delusions (71 page)

       
Ayub and,
177

       
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali,
176–177
,
178–179
,
183
,
195–196
,
198–202

       
East/West Pakistan,
124–125
,
128

       
East/West Pakistan split,
142–143
,
146–147
,
151–152
,
153–154
,
155
,
157
,
159–160
,
161–162
,
165–166
,
167
,
168–169

       
Gandhi, Indira,
123–124
,
160–161
,
166
,
168

       
Kennedy/Pakistan commitment and,
167–168

       
Pakistan as intermediary with China,
123
,
131
,
132–135

       
resignation,
211

       
Vietnam War and,
123

       
views on Pakistan/India,
65–66
,
123–124
,
136
,
189

       
Yahya support and,
130–131
,
132
,
142–143
,
144
,
151
,
158
,
161
,
162–163
,
165–166
,
168
,
169
,
181

Northern Alliance,
297
,
312

Northwest Frontier province (NWFP),
30

Nossiter, Bernard,
231

Novak, Jeremiah,
260–261

NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty),
215
,
294
,
322

NSA listening post in Pakistan,
88
–
89
,
90

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),
215
,
294
,
322

Nuclear weapons

       
Glenn Amendment,
238
,
253
,
266–267
,
283

       
India/Pakistan pledge on,
239–240

       
Israel,
322

       
“Kargil crisis” and,
303

       
Libya,
322

       
nonproliferation advocates and,
217–218

       
North Korea,
322

       
Pressler Amendment,
267
,
280
,
282
,
283
,
287

       
South Korea/Ford and,
218

       
Symington Amendment,
218
,
238
,
246
,
253
,
266–267
,
283

Nuclear weapons/India

       
announcement of test (1974),
206

       
Cline assessment/long-term costs,
207–208

       
delivery system,
207
,
208

       
Kissinger assurances to Pakistan,
212–214

       
NPT and,
215

       
Pakistan reactions,
208
,
209
,
293–295

       
Pakistan wanting US military aid,
210–211
,
212–213

       
psychological boost and,
209

       
testing/US sanctions (1998),
293
,
296

       
US media on,
208–209

       
US tracking program,
206

Nuclear weapons/Pakistan

       
Afghanistan-Soviet conflict and,
252
,
253–254
,
255
,
258
,
260–261
,
264–265
,
266–267

       
Bush, George H.W., and,
280
,
282
,
283
,
284–285

       
Carter/administration,
220–221
,
229
,
230
,
238
,
239

       
China and,
225
,
235
,
267

       
as covert program,
206
,
211
,
217
,
225–228
,
236

       
Ford/Kissinger and,
218–219

       
France and,
206
,
211
,
213
,
232
,
236

       
Hummel and,
230–231
,
237
,
238

       
India nuclear weapons and,
235
,
237
,
239

       
justification,
236

       
lies to Bush administration,
280
,
282

       
as Muslim nuclear weapons,
231
–
232
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
260–261

       
nonproliferation advocates and,
217–218

       
NPT and,
215

       
predictions on timing,
237

       
Pressler sanctions against,
283
,
287

       
Symington Amendment and,
218

       
testing nuclear-capable missile/US reactions (1998),
292–293

       
testing/US sanctions,
293–296
,
296

       
“under threat from US/India/Israel,”
296–297
,
342

       
US aid and nuclear option,
226

       
“US double standards” and,
238

       
US evidence/Zia denying,
225
–
228

       
US options on stopping,
237–238

       
US restriction requests,
215

Nur Khan,
137

NWFP (Northwest Frontier province),
30

Oakley, Robert,
280–281

Obama, Barack

       
India and,
337
,
339
,
344

       
Pakistan/Zardari and,
332–333
,
337
,
338–339
,
344–345

       
terrorism and Pakistan,
340
,
341
–
342
,
343–344

Oehlert, Benjamin,
119
,
129

OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation),
204

Omar, Mullah,
299
,
311–312
,
345

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC),
204

PAEC (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission),
211

Pakistan

       
after Afghanistan-Soviet conflict,
268–269

       
economic problems,
6
,
86

       
Islamic identity,
6
,
76
,
128
,
142
,
149
,
291–292

       
justifying purpose,
200

       
meeting of Muslim heads of state (1974),
204–205

       
Muslim sectarian conflict,
86

       
unity (vs. diversity) and,
86

Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military
(Haqqani),
323

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC),
211

Pakistan (early) independence

       
agriculture,
25

       
Arab world association,
33

       
East/West differences and,
20

       
economy,
25–26

       
government,
26

       
India relations,
26

       
as Islamic state,
23
,
24–25

       
lack of entrepreneurial class,
25–26

       
lack of industry,
25–26

       
lack of plans and,
25

       
military buildup,
31

       
military inherited and,
2
,
26
,
29
,
32
,
59
,
121

       
“Muslim victimhood” and,
27
,
28

       
partition violence and,
24

       
problems summary,
23
,
25–26

       
Sharia law and,
23

       
threats to Muslims and,
24–25

Pakistan, East and West

       
geographical problem,
12
,
70
,
79

       
governing,
86

       
Soviet negotiations and,
124–125

Pakistan, East and West/split

       
Bangladesh Liberation army (
Mukti Bahini
),
153

       
blaming by West Pakistan,
176

       
Blood on,
153–155

       
“Blood Telegram,”
155–156

       
civil war/fighting,
122
,
123
,
150
–
159
,
160–163
,
165
,
168–170

       
Cline on,
144–146

       
constitution and,
144
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
150

       
economical differences,
149–150

       
elections/political parties and,
126
,
141–147
,
150

       
end of war,
169–170
,
181–182

       
ethnicity and,
148–149
,
150

       
India and East Pakistan,
149–150
,
151–152
,
159

       
Indian forces and,
125
,
168
,
169

       
Islam and,
148–149

       
Nixon/Kissinger and,
142–143
,
146–147
,
151–152
,
153–154
,
155
,
157
,
159–160
,
161–162
,
165–166
,
167
,
168–169

       
“Operation Searchlight,”
151
,
152

       
protests against Ayub (1968) and,
126

       
reasons for breakup,
183–184