Magnificent Delusions (66 page)

       
protests (1948),
41

       
psychological warfare against US officials/journalists,
43
,
45–46

       
Telegraph
article and,
116–117

       
terrorism and,
314–315
,
321
,
329

       
US comments on Jinnah and,
42–43

       
US recognition of Israel,
41

Apollo 11
,
130

A.Q. Khan.
See
Khan, Abdul Qadeer

Arab-Israeli war (1973),
204

Armitage, Richard,
281
,
310
,
311

Army House, Rawalpindi, Pakistan,
225

Assad, Hafez,
324

Atlee, Clement,
21

Awami League,
123
,
142
,
143
,
144
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
149
,
150
,
151
,
152–153
,
154
,
155
,
166
,
195

Ayub, Gohar,
294–295

Ayub Khan, Muhammad

       
anti-India stance/threat use,
81
–
82
,
118
,
127

       
background,
54

       
control of Pakistan media,
97

       
demonstrations against/resignation,
122
,
125
,
127–128

       
deterioration of political base,
127

       
East Pakistan and,
128

       
Eisenhower and,
91–94
,
95–96

       
global arms market and,
119

       
Johnson and,
98–99
,
100–101
,
107
,
108–109
,
117–118
,
120–121

       
Kashmir and,
91–92
,
108–109
,
111
,
113
,
118

       
military coup/martial law,
80–81
,
122
,
127

       
moving capital,
106

       
stroke/recovery,
126

       
US aid and,
59
,
60
,
61
,
66
,
71–72
,
78
,
81–82
,
99
,
113
,
179
,
185
,
340

       
US arming/aiding India and,
104
,
108

       
See also
Johnson, Lyndon B.

Aziz, Sartaj,
300

Badaber facility, Pakistan

       
closing,
120
,
121
,
125
,
132

       
US use,
89
,
90
,
107
,
108
,
117
,
119
,
120
,
187

Baghdad Pact,
77
,
78
,
87
,
88
,
118
,
167

Bajpai, Sir Girija Shankar,
31–32

Baker, James,
271–272
,
273

Balochistan/Baloch separatists,
30
,
116
,
143
,
166
,
191
,
195
,
196
,
201
,
214
,
232
,
233
,
241
,
319

Bangladesh

       
Awami League,
152–153

       
creation,
12
,
125

       
international recognition,
125

       
Muslims and,
12

       
Pakistan recognition,
125
,
190
,
194
,
204

“Bangladesh Concert,”
157

Bangladesh Liberation army (
Mukti Bahini
),
153

Barkley, Alben S.,
49

Beg, Aslam

       
anti-Americanism,
281–282

       
on Bhutto, Benazir,
276
,
278

       
following Zia's death,
275–276

       
Gul and,
278–279

       
views/ISI,
276
,
280–281
,
282
,
284

Berman, Howard,
334

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
300

Bhutto, Benazir

       
Afghanistan and,
278–279

       
assassination,
316

       
background,
266

       
Beg's views of,
276

       
dismissal from office (1990),
281

       
dismissal from office (1996),
281

       
economy and,
286–287

       
election for second term (1993),
286

       
in exile (1997–2007),
322–323

       
Gul/ISI anti-Bhutto alliance,
277

       
Pakistan's Afghan policy and,
269

       
PPP,
276
,
277
,
316

       
Punjab provincial government and,
278

       
return from exile,
269

       
return to Pakistan (2007),
315–316

       
solutions for Pakistan and,
322
–
325

       
state visit to Washington (1989),
279

       
Taliban and,
288

       
views,
277

       
winning election,
277

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali

       
anti-Americanism and,
116
,
117
,
178
,
179

       
Ayub and,
105
,
118

       
background,
105–106
,
150

       
Bangladesh and,
190

       
becoming Pakistan president,
170
,
171
,
176–177

       
becoming prime minister,
197

       
China and,
148

       
confederation with East Pakistan,
181

       
criticism by religious fanatics,
221
,
223

       
economy and,
202–203

       
elections (1977) and,
220–223

       
first elections/civil war,
143
,
144
–
146
,
147
,
148

       
on India-Soviets,
187
,
191

       
in jail,
126

       
Kashmir conflict and,
113
,
114
,
178
,
186–187
,
199

       
meeting of Muslim heads of state (1974),
204–205

       
military establishment concerns,
204
,
219

       
Nixon and,
176–177
,
178–179
,
183
,
195–196
,
198–202

       
Pakistan challenges after civil war,
180

       
peace talks with India/Simla accord,
192–194

       
PPP,
126
,
142
,
143
,
220

       
as Quaid-e-Awam,
183

       
removal from power,
205

       
Soviets and,
177–178

       
Tashkent and,
116

       
trial/execution,
224
,
229–230
,
238–239
,
276

       
US aid,
171–174
,
179
,
185
,
187–188
,
191
,
194
,
196–197
,
198–203
,
214–215
,
224

       
US-China-Pakistan coalition and,
186

       
US visit (1973),
197–198

Biafra,
153

Biden, Joe,
332–333
,
338–339
,
340

Bin Laden, Osama

       
in Afghanistan,
291
,
297

       
attacks on US embassies, Africa/USS
Cole
,
291
,
298

       
fatwā against US,
292

       
hiding/death in Pakistan,
6–7
,
317–319
,
345

       
organizing Al-Qaeda,
288–289
,
291

       
Pakistan and,
297
,
299
,
300
,
303
,
305

       
Pakistani reactions to death,
319
,
345
,
346–347

       
polls on death (Pakistan/US),
346–347

       
Taliban relation,
291
,
297
,
300

       
terrorism and,
289

BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party),
300

Blake, Gordon,
107

Blood, Archer,
153–155
,
270

“Blood Telegram,”
155–156

Bogra, Muhammad Ali,
59
,
65
,
66
,
68
,
74

Bourke-White, Margaret

       
interview with Jinnah,
8–9

       
on Jinnah/Pakistan,
9
,
11
,
20–21
,
22–23

Bowles, Chester,
112
,
114
,
121–122
,
156–157
,
166

Bradley, Omar,
48

Brezhnev, Leonid,
124–125
,
165
,
169

Britain/British

       
advice to US,
68–69

       
“warriors” racialist concept,
71

       
See also
India (British rule);
specific individuals

Brown, Harold,
245
,
247

Browne, Malcolm,
175–176
,
180
,
182

Brzezinski, Zbigniew,
244–245
,
247
,
249
,
253
,
254
,
257