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_________________
*  
Figure 8.2
and
figure 8.5
are from printed and online materials distributed by HOOK Online, Inc., a U.S.-based grassroots program that supports men who are or were involved in the sex-work industry. According to its mission statement, “HOOK educates men in the sex industry, clients, and the public about sex work to reduce harm and to develop a network of service providers and nonprofit programs.” Their program is about “encouraging dialogue between men in the sex industry about choices for health and wellbeing; promoting visibility and representation of the needs and issues of men in the sex industry within public and private forums; fostering informed discussion about men in the sex industry; encouraging sex industry businesses to recognize their role as conduits in communicating with men in the sex industry by adopting harm reduction efforts as responsible business practice; [and] aiding social service providers to respond in a non-stigmatizing manner to the needs of men in the sex industry.”
We are not surprised that some male sex workers and their clients use alcohol and drugs—people do drink and people do use drugs, often to alter their perceptions of their everyday worlds. What surprises us is that people are surprised when that change occurs. Perhaps the association between male sex work and substance abuse supports deeply held prejudice against the idea that a male would freely choose to engage in sex work as an occupation. Rather than seeing using drugs and violence as forms of exploitation, researchers perhaps need to understand what purpose drugs and alcohol play in recreational sexual encounters and what such things say about masculine behavior and power relationships between men. Some of these behaviors may in fact be interpreted as a reaction to the social stigma associated with male sex work. Recent research has found that, with the increasing acceptance of male sex work as an occupation, drug and alcohol use has been decreasing among some escort groups, such as those that offer a “boyfriend experience.”

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