Map of a Nation (63 page)

91
But soon Roy had tamed the theodolite
For a description of Roy’s methods, see Roy, 1787, 1790.

92
General Roy est à quelque distance
Charles Blagden to Jean-Dominique Cassini, RS, DM4, f. 22, 20 August 1787.

93
Blagden suggested to Roy
Charles Blagden to Jean-Dominique Cassini, RS, DM4, f. 22, 20 August 1787.

94
Roy even tried to pass it off as his own
William Roy to Jean-Dominique Cassini, PO, D5-7, 7 September 1787.

95
antique and half-ruined
Cited in McConnell, p. 363.

96
reverbaratory [sic] lamps
For descriptions of the lamps, see Roy, 1790, pp. 113, 143, 163.

97
white lights
Roy, 1790, p. 253.

98
placed [one lamp] over the other
Roy, 1793, p. 163.

99
somewhat earlier than the times
William Roy to Jean-Dominique Cassini, PO, D5-7, 30 September 1787.

100
not sufficiently clear
William Roy to Jean-Dominique Cassini, PO, D5-7, 30 September 1787.

101
he hardly expects to be believed
Similar results are presented in Roy, 1790, pp. 143, 262.

102
Stormy weather
William Roy to Jean-Dominique Cassini, PO, D5-7, 8 October 1787.

103
In August 1787
Roy, 1790, pp. 121–34.

104
from its levelness
Roy, 1787, p. 190.

105
so much intersected
Roy, 1790, p. 122.

106
a distance of 28,532.92 feet
Roy, 1790, p. 133.

107
the line of verification St James’s Chronicle or the British Evening Post
, 4508, 11 March 1790.

108
as I passed through Tenterden
‘Curiousus’, ‘To the Editor of the Gazetteer’,
Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser
, 435, 11 January 1788.

109
The French wrote up and published
See Cassini.

110
a time difference of nine minutes
Roy, 1790, p. 231.

111
in a rather devious twist
See Howse, 1989, pp. 152–3; Martin and McConnell, pp. 357, 369 (note 7); Roy, 1790, p. 231.

112
Roy’s results largely agreed
Martin and McConnell, pp. 265–7.

113
Truth
Roy, 1790, pp. 128, 129, 185, 186, 190, 203, 224, 228, 231, 247, 248, 263, 268, 593, 594.

114
the last exactness
Cited in Widmalm, p. 197.

115
mathematical exactness
Cited in Widmalm, p. 197.

116
extremely perfect
Roy, 1790, p. 136.

117
the accuracy of this operation New Annual Register
, 1786, p. 289.

118
conducted in a manner
‘Domestic Literature’,
New Annual Register
, 1788, p. 240.

119
among the improvements St James’s Chronicle or the British Evening Post
, 4508, 11 March 1790.

120
no measurement of a similar kind
‘Domestic Literature’,
New Annual Register
, 1788, p. 240.

121
uniform agree[ment]
Anderson, p. 27.

122
invented an instrument General Evening Post
, 7900, 14 October 1784.

123
a national work of great importance New Annual Register
, 1786, p. 289.

124
may be considered in some sort
Francis Wollaston to Joseph Banks, RS, MS/820, 13 September 1790.

125
including Roy himself
Roy, 1790, pp. 262–3.

126
No consideration upon earth
William Roy to Joseph Banks, Natural History Museum Archives, MS DTC 7.74–8, f. 74, 6 March 1790; cited in McConnell, p. 191.

127
too remiss and dilatory
Roy, 1787, p. 189.

128
Nothing could equal my surprize
Jesse Ramsden to the Royal Society, RS, MM.3.30, p. 1, 13 May 1790.

129
unskilfulness
Jesse Ramsden to the Royal Society, RS, MM.3.30, p. 7, 13 May 1790.

130
that every part of the Instrument
Jesse Ramsden to the Royal Society, RS, MM.3.30, p. 8, 13 May 1790.

131
an extended visit to Lisbon
Baigent, ‘Roy, William’; Gardiner, p. 449; Hodson, 2007, p. 20.

132
In the early hours of 1 July
For William Roy’s Last Will and Testament, see NA, PROB 11/1194. An exploration of the contents of his library and store of mathematical instruments can be found in Harley and Walters, 1977.

133
the Republic of Letters The Times
, 1726, p. 2, 6 July 1790.

1
the young wanton
John Evelyn, 9 October 1671, cited in Curtis, p. 1.

2
excellent and universally esteemed
Debbieg, pp. 17–18.

3
the honour of the nation
Roy, 1790, p. 262.

4
Jigsaws as we know them
See Hannas.

5
put the map of Europe together
Austen, 1998, p. 15. For a wider discussion of Austen’s engagement with Enlightenment concerns, see Knox-Shaw. See Batey for an exploration of her approach to landscape. See Roberts for an examination of Austen’s reaction to the French Revolution.

6
contrived by little pebbles
Tillyard, p. 414.

7
a thorough education
Lowe. For accounts of Charles Lennox’s life, see Baird, pp. 84–93; Olson.

8
Lennox began to buy up
See Bonney, pp. 1–11; Kent, pp. 20–6;

9
high wood
Cited in Kent, p. 36.

10
pheasantry
Cited in Kent, pp. 20, 31.

11
on 1 November 1758
Charles Lennox’s Household Accounts, West Sussex Record Office, Goodwood Papers, Ae/1, Af/1; cited in Crone, Campbell and Skelton, p. 416.

12
gave proofs of an extraordinary genius
See Ó Danachair, IV, pp. 62–3.

13
maintained an illicit intercourse
Ó Danachair, IV, p. 62.

14
on business
Ó Danachair, IV, p. 63.

15
on different subjects
Ó Danachair, IV, p. 63.

16
confessed all the particulars of his guilt
Ó Danachair, IV, p. 63.

17
The alliance would be recognised
See Crone, Campbell and Skelton.

18
not only contain an accurate plan
Gough, II, pp. 297–8, cited in Crone, Campbell and Skelton, p. 417.

19
In his early twenties
For an account of Charles Lennox’s military endeavours, see Reese, pp. 189–98.

20
The peaceful plains of England
Lennox, 1804, p. 4.

21
the Duke of Richmond’s blackness
George III to Frederick North, Lord North, 12 June 1773, in Fortescue, II, p. 504.

22
a serious flirtation
For a discussion of Sarah Lennox’s relationship with George III, see Tillyard, pp. 119–34.

23
different from and prettyer than
Henry Fox, cited in Tillyard, p. 122.

24
plain
Tillyard, p. 132.

25
diffuse throughout the Kingdom
Society for Constitutional Information, p. i.

26
it is the Right of every Commoner
Lennox, 1783, pp. 6–7.

27
manifold Abuses
Lennox, 1783, p. 11.

28
his Unremitted personal ill conduct
George III to Frederick North, Lord North, 3 July 1780, in Fortescue, V, pp. 96–7.

29
In March 1782
For an account of Lennox’s role in the Ordnance, see Olson, pp. 64–75.

30
Defences had been
See Olson, pp. 74–5, 81–4 for an account of Lennox’s
fortifications
project.

31
change our system
Lennox, 1804, p. 20.

32
the first Martello tower
Clements offers a history of Britain’s Martello towers.

33
the Trigonometrical Operation begun
Out-letters from Master-General, Board of Ordnance, and Commander-in-Chief, NA, WO 46/22, 1791–2.

34
£373 14s
Expenses Ledger of Board of Ordnance, NA, WO 48/266, 21 June 1791.

35
small stakes
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795b, p. 62.

36
more correct maps
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795b, p. 62.

37
the Trigonometrical Survey
Surveyor-General’s Minutes, NA, WO 47/118, 12 July 1791.

38
General Survey
‘Lights on the Coast’,
Sussex Weekly Advertiser
, 8 and 15 April 1793, cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p.xxv; ‘The General Survey of England and Wales’,
The Times
, 9982, p. 1, 2 November 1816.

39
British Survey
Portlock, p. 192.

40
Duke of Richmond’s Survey Lloyds Evening Post
, 5473, 25 July 1792.

41
until 1801
[Thomas Budgen], ‘Exeter’, Ordnance Surveyors’ Drawings, BL, OSD 40 pt. 3, 1801. I am indebted to Yolande Hodson for the information that this map contains an annotation in William Mudge’s hand which refers to the ‘Ordnance Survey’ – but she also made the point that this could have been added at a subsequent date.

42
in print in 1809
Arrowsmith, p. 5.

43
engaged in constructing
Arrowsmith, p. 5.

44
in 1810
Mudge, William, 1810.

45
On 22 June 1791
Surveyor-General’s Minutes, NA, WO 47/117, 22 June 1791.

46
wit, rake, and dope-fiend
Tillyard, p. 158.

47
Major Williams and Lieut. Mudge
Surveyor-General’s Minutes, NA, WO 47/118, 12 July 1791.

48
I should rejoice could I say
Joseph Banks, also cited in Markham; also cited in Close, 1969, p. 37.

49
in the summer of 1789
For accounts of the French Revolution and its effect on British politics and culture, see Andrews, Stuart; Claeys; Dickinson; Hibbert, 1980; and Philp, among others.

50
I have lived to see
Price, p. 54.

51
The French had begun
For accounts of the progress of French map-makers before and during the Revolutionary years, see Ravenhill, 1994, pp. 162–3; and Konvitz.

52
the French who had made the greatest strides
Ravenhill, 1994, p. 162.

53
The provinces of ancien régime France were dissolved
See Alder, pp. 263–4; Konvitz, pp. 43–6; Robb, pp. 68–9.

54
a geometrical and arithmetical constitution
Burke, 1968, p. 144.

55
Nothing more than an accurate land surveyor
Burke, 1968, p. 286.

56
ancien régime France contained
Alder, p. 3.

57
for all men, for all time
Cited in Alder, p. 227.

58
To extrapolate this length
For an account of the project to measure the metre unit, see Alder.

59
Our well-worn terminology
Hibbert, 1980, p. 109.

60
emblems of these distracted times
Taylor, John, 1642.

61
A horse erect
Taylor, John, cited in Malcolm, p. 33.

62
this topsy-turvy world
Horace Walpole to Mary Berry, 19 May 1791, in Walpole, XI, p. 270.

63
an adept in turning
Burney, p. 372.

64
the servants [had] turned masters
Taylor, Jane, p. 56.

65
simple moral
Taylor, Jane, p. 63.

66
the right to choose our own governors
Price, p. 49.

67
settling the succession of the [Hanoverian] crown
Burke, 1968, p. 100.

68
look up with awe to kings
Burke, 1968, p. 182.

69
the manifesto of a Counter-Revolution
Mackintosh, p. 91.

70
carte du Paÿs
Lennox, 1785, p. 54.

71
Robert Edward Clifford
See Ravenhill, 1994.

72
the anatomy of the Veins
John Graves Simcoe Papers, Archives of Ontario, Series A-4-1, 1801; cited in Ravenhill, 1994, p. 164.

73
skeleton maps
Ravenhill, 1994, p. 171.

74
incline the Administration
William Borlase, September 1755, cited in Harley, ‘Society and Surveys’, p. 142.