Map of a Nation (66 page)

84
I think [he] still remains
William Mudge to Lieut-Col Hadden, 14 January 1802, cited in Close, 1969, p. 56.

85
Arch Dukes wanted to see
William Mudge, 29 February 1816, cited in Close, 1969, p. 65.

86
to procure a map The Times
, 10355, p. 1, 16 January 1818.

87
the Board of Ordnance’s headquarters
See Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxxiii.

88
£3 3s
Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxxiii. For details regarding the sale of maps during the early Enlightenment, before the emergence of the maps
discussed
in this book, see Tyacke.

89
£6 6s
The Times
, 9982, p. 1, 2 November 1816.

90
the Sheffield warehouse apprentice Joseph Hunter
Joseph Hunter, Journal, BL, Add. MS 24880, p. 6, 5 April 1797.

91
Do you know what a map is?
John O’Donovan to Thomas Aiskew Larcom, 16 April 1834, in O’Donovan, 2001a, pp. 44–5.

92
an estate agent’s advertisement The Times
, 11377, p. 4, 15 October 1821.

93
the 8th Earl of Wemyss
Annotated volume in the Dunimarle Library of the Erskines of Torrie in Fife: Armstrong, Mostyn John,
A Scotch Atlas
, London: 1777, DH LIB 433.

94
On 21 November 1783
For accounts of the history of hot-air ballooning, see Holmes, pp. 125–63; and Rolt.

95
first English female aerial traveller
Sage.

96
in crossing over Westminster
Sage, p. 19.

97
turned on its axis
Sage, pp. 22–3.

98
looking down on an enormous map
Poole, p. 65.

99
a narrative of a balloon excursion
Baldwin.

1
making observations to determine
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1797b, pp. 12–13.

2
that, desirous of proving
Mudge, William, 1800, p. 182.

3
Colonel Williams and Captain
Mudge Observer
, 298, 20 August 1797.

4
Mudge dutifully spent the spring
For an account of the Ordnance Survey’s progress and methods in this period, see Mudge, William, 1800; and Mudge, William, 1801a.

5
between Hampstead Heath
Mudge, William, 1801a, pp. 28–9.

6
the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral
Mudge, William, 1801a, p. 29. For a description of the Ordnance Survey’s activities in London, and a facsimile of their
productions
, see Hodson, 1991c.

7
What a shock/ For eyes and ears!
Wordsworth, 1979, p. 263, ll. 685–6.

8
the lighted shops of the Strand
Charles Lamb to William Wordsworth, in Lamb, pp. 265–7, 30 January 1801.

9
in the season of 1799
See Close, 1969, p. 43.

10
of the drawing room in the Tower Courier and Evening Gazette
, 2180, 15 August 1799.

11
It does not appear that any advantage
William Mudge to Lieutenant-General of the Board of Ordnance, NA, WO 47/2372, 10 April 1799; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxviii.

12
relinquish[ing] the prosecution
William Mudge to Lieutenant-General of the Board of Ordnance, NA, WO 47/2372, 10 April 1799; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxviii.

13
about one third
William Mudge to Lieutenant-General of the Board of Ordnance, NA, WO 47/2372, 10 April 1799; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxviii.

14
an estimate of 33s
Extracts of Board of Ordnance Minutes January–June 1799, NA, WO 47/2372, 28 April 1799; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxix.

15
fifty more years
Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxix.

16
much applaud[ed] the zeal
Extracts of Board of Ordnance Minutes January–June 1799, NA, WO 47/2372, 28 May 1799; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxix.

17
Corps of Royal Military Surveyors and Draftsmen
Ordnance Office: Warrants, NA, WO 55/421; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxix.

18
rules and disciplines of war
Ordnance Office: Warrants, NA, WO 55/421; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxix.

19
32s 6d per mile
Close, 1969, p. 64.

20
represent the Towns, Villages, Woods, Rivers
William Gardner, Extracts of Board of Ordnance Minutes January–June 1799, NA, WO 47/2372, 9 April 1799; also cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxix.

21
He hired Thomas Foot
Extracts of Board of Ordnance Minutes, January–April 1801, NA, WO 47/2379, 3 March 1801.

22
Agent for the sale of Ordnance maps The Times
, 9982, 2 November 1816.

23
There are also numerous contenders
See Hodson, 1999.

24
the First Series or Old Series
Harley and Oliver, VI, p. xiii. There are numerous invaluable guides to the maps of the First Series: see Harley, 1975; Harley and Phillips; Hellyer; Hellyer and Oliver; Hodson, 1991a; Messenger, 1991a and 1991b; Oliver, 2005; Oliver and Hellyer. Wheeler, 1990, offers a discussion of the accuracy of the Ordnance Survey’s Old Series maps.

25
He did not even have a permanent base
William Mudge to Richard Rosdew, 8 January 1805, cited in Flint, pp. 133–4.

26
he now had five children
Flint, pp. 153–6.

27
a more meritorious, sensible and affectionate
Flint, p. 141.

28
he often complained of depression of spirits
Isaac Dalby to Thomas Colby, 5 February 1821, cited in Close, 1969, p. 42.

29
well grounded in the rudiments of mathematics
William Mudge, 12 January 1802, cited in Portlock, p. 13.

30
Thomas Colby came from a deeply
For accounts of Thomas Colby’s life, see Portlock; Baigent, ‘Colby, Thomas’.

31
overheated enthusiasm
Portlock, p. 7.

32
a surveyor called Robert Dawson
For accounts of Dawson’s achievements, see Hodson, 1991b; and Baigent, ‘Dawson, Robert’.

33
an old pair of pistols
Portlock, p. 15.

34
producing a Fracture
William Mudge to Robert Morse, 16 December 1803, cited in Close, 1969, p. 85.

35
almost dying
Portlock, p. 15.

36
violently injured
William Mudge to Robert Morse, 16 December 1803, cited in Close, 1969, p. 85.

37
apprehensive … to report his death
William Mudge to Robert Morse, December 1803, cited in Portlock, p. 38.

38
a constitution of unusual strength
Portlock, p. 15.

39
triumph[ed] over the effects
Portlock, p. 15.

40
slight peculiarities of dress
Portlock, p. 8.

41
come back, my boy
Cited in Portlock, p. 5.

42
a fearful indent
Portlock, p. 15.

43
the Brain it seems remains free
William Mudge to Robert Morse, in Ordnance Survey Correspondence, NA, WO 55/960, 16 December 1803; cited in Close, 1969, pp. 85–6.

44
Spirits [were] raised
Hall, in Ordnance Survey Correspondence, NA, WO 55/960, 20 January 1804.

45
quick manner of speaking
Hall, in Ordnance Survey Correspondence, NA, WO 55/960, 20 January 1804.

46
over-strained prejudice
Portlock, p. 7.

47
shall not want the necessary sittings
William Mudge to Richard Rosdew, 20 November 1804, cited in Flint, p. 130.

48
I should be very glad
William Mudge to Richard Rosdew, 20 December 1804, cited in Flint, p. 132.

49
I am not yet settled
William Mudge to Richard Rosdew, 8 January 1805, cited in Flint, p. 134.

50
Holles Street
Flint, p. 139.

51
How retrograde
William Mudge, January 1806, cited in Flint, p. 138.

52
Trellech Beacon
Mudge and Colby, pp. 10–11, 74.

53
Contemporary visitors reported
Gilpin, 1789a, pp. 22–3.

54
the number of turnpike roads had exploded
Jarvis, pp. 19–20.

55
John Loudon McAdam
For an account of McAdam’s life and achievements, see Reader.

56
all the roads in England
Thomas De Quincey, cited in Burke, Thomas, p. 93, and in Moir, Esther, p. 8.

57
between 1790 and 1836
See Bagwell, especially p. 48; Copeland, especially p. 85; and Jarvis, pp. 19–21.

58
a once-boasted, though now unfortunate
Joseph Budworth, cited in Jarvis, p. 9.

59
In 1757
See Burke, Edmund, 1990.

60
like a living thing
William Wordsworth, 1979, p. 51, Book 1: l. 384.

61
mountainous and other similarly dramatic sites
Further explorations of this rise in popularity of mountains can be found in Macfarlane; and Stafford.

62
In the summer of 1770
Gilpin, 1789a, pp. 1–2.

63
Berkshire, Gloucestershire and the Vale of Severn
Gilpin, 1789a, pp. 3–14.

64
a new object
Gilpin, 1789a, p. 1.

65
that of examining the face
Gilpin, 1789a, p. 1.

66
By ‘picturesque’
See Gilpin, 1768; Gilpin, 1789a and 1789b; Gilpin, 1792. For the history of the picturesque and picturesque tourism, see also Andrews, Malcolm; Bermingham; and Copley and Garside.

67
that peculiar kind of beauty
Gilpin, 1768, p. 2.

68
of the most beautiful kind
Gilpin, 1789a, p. 18.

69
two side-screens
Gilpin, 1789a, p. 18.

70
front-screen
Gilpin, 1789a, p. 18.

71
the most beautiful and picturesque view
Gilpin, 1789a, p. 45.

72
Thousands flocked
For an account of the effect of Gilpin’s ideas on British tourism, see Andrews, Malcolm.

73
If the hues are well sorted
Gilpin, 1789b, I, p. 124. For a lengthy discussion of the Claude Glass and Mirror, and its significance, see Maillet.

74
magnifiers for botany
James Plumptre, Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey … in the Summer of 1799, Cambridge University Library, Add. MS 5814, f. 35; cited in Moir, Esther, pp. 4–5. For further evidence of amusement at tourists’ excessive accoutrements, see [Plumptre] in Works Cited, below.

75
Mudge superimposed in his imagination
For analyses of the relationship between cartographic and painterly representations of the British landscape in this period, see Alfrey; and Cosgrove.

76
a simple red square
SeeThomas Budgen, ‘Plan of Chepstow’, BL, OSD 175, 1812.

77
Gilpin instead advised travellers
See Andrews, Malcolm, p. 62.

78
the Picturesque Point
Gray, p. 360 (note).

79
latent and overarching geometry
A discussion of geometry, and the issues most
pertinent
to the discipline in this period, can be found in Mlodinow.

80
some grand scene
Gilpin, 1792, pp. 49–50.

81
future almost inaccessible
William Mudge to Thomas Colby, 15 July 1818, in Close, 1969, p. 51.

82
triangles of sight lines
Information regarding the Ordnance Survey’s progress through Wales can be found in Mudge and Colby.

83
the discovery of an appropriate baseline
Mudge and Colby, pp. 82–3.

84
This lay in the shadow of
I am very grateful to Alistair Pegg for information regarding the topography and history of the area surrounding Rhuddlan.