Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality (106 page)

30 INTO THE THIRD TERM

  
1
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 560.

  
2
  
The Times
, 10 October 1986.

  
3
  MTF: Speech to Conservative Party Conference, Bournemouth, 10 October 1986.

  
4
  Ibid.

  
5
  AC: Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.

  
6
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 576.

  
7
  David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh,
The British General Election of 1987
, Macmillan, 1988, p. 154.

  
8
  Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 244.

  
9
  AC: Interview with Lord Young.

10
  Ibid.

11
  Tebbit,
Upwardly Mobile,
p. 333.

12
  Michael Dobbs interviewed for
Thatcher: The Downing Street Years
, BBC, 1993.

13
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 584.

14
  Ibid., p. 585.

15
  Mark Hollingsworth,
The Ultimate Spin Doctor
:
The Life and Fast Times of Tim Bell
, Hodder & Stoughton, 1997, p. 175.

16
  Dale,
Memories of Maggie
, p. 172.

17
  AC: Interview with Lord Young.

18
  Ibid.

19
  AC: Conversation with Robert Carvel, 6 June 1987.

20
  UK Polling Report, 1983–1987:
www.ukpollingreport.co.uk
.

21
  
Daily Telegraph
, 21 May 1987.

22
  AC: Willie Whitelaw to author, Paul Channon, Julian Amery and others, Bucks Club, 18 June 1987.

23
  Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 246.

24
  MTF: Speech to Party Conference, Blackpool, 9 October 1987.

25
  Lord Shawcross, Obituary,
Daily Telegraph
, 11 July 2003.

26
  Hansard, HC Deb 25 June 1987.

27
  Clark,
Diaries
, 19 July 1987, p. 168.

28
  AC: Interview with Lord Baker.

29
  Millar,
A View from the Wings
, p. 319.

30
  Baker,
The Turbulent Years
, p. 275.

31
  AC: Interview with Lord Powell.

32
  Ibid.: Willie Whitelaw at Bucks Club, 18 June 1987.

33
  Ibid.: Conversations with Willie Whitelaw.

34
  Clark,
Diaries
, 26 January 1990, p. 276.

35
  AC: Conversation with Nick Budgen, 28 June 1987.

31 TROUBLE WITH NIGEL LAWSON

  
1
  AC: Interview with Lord Lawson.

  
2
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 382.

  
3
  Ibid.

  
4
  Ibid., p. 697.

  
5
  Ibid., p. 499.

  
6
  Ibid., p. 500.

  
7
  AC: Interview with Lord Burns.

  
8
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 501.

  
9
  Ridley,
‘My Style of Government’
, p. 201.

10
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 701.

11
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 789.

12
  AC: Interviews with Lord Butler and Lord Griffiths.

13
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Lawson.

14
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 788.

15
  Ibid., p. 794.

16
  Ibid., p. 795.

17
  AC: Interview with Sir Richard Evans.

18
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 705.

19
  Hansard, HC Deb 10 March 1988.

20
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 799.

21
  Ibid., p. 814.

22
  MTF: Speech to Conservative Central Council, Buxton, 19 March 1988.

23
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 799.

24
  Hansard, HC Deb 12 May 1988.

25
  Ibid., 17 May 1988.

26
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 845.

27
  AC: Conversation with Peter Morrison, December 1988.

28
  David Hart, (unpublished) diaries, 26 October 1989.

29
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 850.

30
  AC: Conversation with Nicholas Budgen, July 1988.

31
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 575; Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 704.

32
  Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 575.

33
  Ibid., p. 576.

34
  Ibid.

35
  Ibid.

36
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 704.

37
  Lytton Strachey,
Queen Victoria
, Chatto & Windus, 1951, p. 185.

38
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 307.

39
  AC: Interview with Lord Burns.

32 SWINGING TOWARDS EUROSCEPTICISM

  
1
  HC Deb, 30 October 1990.

  
2
  
Sun
, 28 April 1975.

  
3
  Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 306.

  
4
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 538.

  
5
  AC: Conversation Margaret Thatcher, Teddy Taylor and author, 26 June 1986.

  
6
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 741.

  
7
  AC: Interview with Sir Ronald Grierson.

  
8
  Margaret Thatcher interviewed for
The Poisoned Chalice
, BBC2, 1996, quoted in Campbell,
The Iron Lady
, p. 311.

  
9
  AC: Interview with Lord Powell.

10
  
Guardian
, 7 July 1988.

11
  MTF: Interview for
The Jimmy Young Programme
, BBC Radio 2, 27 July 1988.

12
  AC: off-the-record interview.

13
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 712.

14
  Robin Renwick,
A Journey with Margaret Thatcher: Foreign Policy under the Iron Lady
, Biteback Publishing, 2013, p. 100.

15
  AC: Off-the-record interview with senior FCO official.

16
  Ibid.

17
  AC: Interview with Bill Cash.

18
  AC: Off-the-record interview with senior FCO official.

19
  AC: November 1988.

20
  Ibid.

21
  AC: Conversation with John Biffen, 1980.

22
  
Independent
, 9 June 1993.

23
  AC: AC: Interview with Baroness Howe of Idlicote.

24
  MTF: Speech to the College of Europe, Bruges, 20 September 1988.

25
  Sir Michael Butler interviewed for
The Poisoned Chalice
, quoted in Campbell,
The Iron Lady
, p. 605.

26
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 538.

27
  MTF: Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, Brighton, 14 October 1988.

28
  AC: Conversation with Carol Mather, November 1986.

33 BOILING OVER ON EUROPE

  
1
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty,
p. 538.

  
2
  MTF: Speech to the College of Europe, Bruges, 20 September 1988.

  
3
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 917.

  
4
  Ibid., p. 918.

  
5
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 749.

  
6
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 921.

  
7
  MTF: Speech to European Election Rally, Nottingham, 12 June 1989.

  
8
  
The Times
, 20 June 1989.

  
9
  Ibid.

10
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 710.

11
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 579; Lawson,
The View from No. 11,
p. 931.

12
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 712.

13
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 933.

14
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 712.

15
  Ibid.

16
  AC: Interview with Lord Powell.

17
  Ibid.

18
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 582.

19
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 750.

20
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 582.

21
  AC: Interview with Boris Johnson.

22
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street
Years, p. 713.

23
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 583.

24
  Ibid., p. 586.

25
  Ibid., p. 587.

26
  Ibid., p. 590.

27
  AC: Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.

28
  
Sun
, 26 July 1989.

29
  AC: Comments by MPs, 31 July 1989.

34 EXIT THE CHANCELLOR, ENTER THE STALKING HORSE

  
1
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 755.

  
2
  
Daily Express
, 30 October 1989.

  
3
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 714.

  
4
  Ibid., p. 715.

  
5
  Hansard, HC Debate 24 October 1989.

  
6
  Ibid.

  
7
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Year
s, p. 716.

  
8
  Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 961.

  
9
  Ibid., p. 969.

10
  David Cox (ed.),
The Walden Interviews
, LWT Boxtree, 1990, pp. 32–33.

11
  Ibid., Margaret Thatcher,
The Walden Interview
, 29 October 1989, pp. 36–37.

12
  AC: Winston Churchill to author, 13 November 1989.

13
  Ibid.: Interview with Keith Hampson.

14
  Ibid.: Ian Gow to the author, November 1989. See also 1 Samuel 22:2.

15
  AC: Interview with Lord Garel-Jones.

16
  Ibid.

17
  Ibid.

18
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Year
s, pp. 761–762.

19
  
Financial Times
, 13 April 1913. See also David Marsh,
The Euro: The Battle for the New Global Currency
, Yale University Press, 2011, p. 216.

20
  George R. Urban,
Diplomacy and Disillusion at the Court of Margaret Thatcher: An Insider’s View
, I.B. Tauris, 1996, p. 104.

21
  AC: Interview with Lord Thomas.

22
  Urban,
Diplomacy and Disillusion
, p. 128.

23
  
Financial Times
magazine, Simon Kuper on ‘Thatcher Abroad’, 13 April 2013.

24
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 791.

25
  
The Spectator
, 14 July 1990.

26
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 312.

27
  AC: Margaret Thatcher to the author at Ian Gow’s funeral, 8 August 1990.

28
  William Shakespeare,
Hamlet
, Act III, Scene I.

35 COUNTDOWN TO THE COUP

  
1
  George W. Bush and Brent Scowcroft,
A World Transformed
, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998, p. 352.

  
2
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 820.

  
3
  Ibid., p. 823.

  
4
  Ibid., p. 826.

  
5
  Hansard, HC Deb 7 September 1990.

  
6
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, pp. 825–826.

  
7
  Ibid., p. 824.

  
8
  AC: Interview with Lord King.

  
9
  Ibid.: King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud to the author, February 1992.

10
  AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, 8 August 1990.

11
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 826.

12
  
The Times
, 23 March 1990.

13
  Ibid., 2 April 1990.

14
  Ibid., 6 April 1990.

15
  Ibid., 5 May 1990.

16
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 665.

17
  Ibid., p. 666.

18
  AC: Interview with Sir John Major.

19
  MTF: Press conference in Downing Street, 5 October 1990.

20
  
Observer
, 7 October 1990.

21
  
The Times
, 17 October 1990.

22
  AC: Interview with Lord Powell.

23
  
Financial Times
, 29 October 1990.

24
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 767.

25
  Hansard, HC Deb 30 October 1990.

26
  John Major,
The Autobiography
, HarperCollins, 1999, p. 176.

27
  Hansard, HC Deb 30 October 1990.

28
  Ibid.

29
  Geoffrey Howe, interview by Brian Walden,
Weekend World
, LWT, 3 September 1989.

30
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 833.

31
  Hansard, HC Deb 30 October 1990.

32
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 645.

33
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 833.

34
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 645.

35
  Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 177.

36
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 647.

37
  Ibid., p. 648.

38
  
The Times
, 2 November 1990.

39
  AC: Geoffrey Dickens, 1 November 1990.

40
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 651.

41
  James Boswell,
The Life of Samuel Johnson
(edited by George Birbeck Hill), Clarendon Press, 1971, p. 407.

42
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 834.

43
  AC: Author’s recollection, 1 November 1990.

44
  Hansard, House of Lords, Official Report, 10 April 2013. Death of a Member: Baroness Thatcher,
Tributes
.

45
  Ingham,
Kill the Messenger
, p. 379.

46
  
The Times
, 9 November 1990.

47
  Ibid., 19 October 1990.

48
  Hansard, 7 November 1990, vol. 180, col. 29.

49
  Letter from Lord Acton, 1887, cited in Louise Creighton,
Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton
, Vol. 1, Longmans, Green, 1904, p. 372.

50
  AC: interview with Lord King.

51
  Ibid.: Interview with Dame Jill Knight.

52
  Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 179.