Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality (107 page)

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36 END GAME

  
1
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 838.

  
2
  Hansard, HC Deb 14 June 1978.

  
3
  Ibid., 13 November 1990.

  
4
  Ibid.

  
5
  Clark,
Diaries
, 13 November 1990, p. 347.

  
6
  William Shakespeare,
Julius Caesar
, Act III, Scene I.

  
7
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 839.

  
8
  Hansard, HC Deb 13 November 1990.

  
9
  AC: Interview with Gerald Howarth.

10
  Ibid.: Michael Heseltine to the author, November 1990.

11
  Wyatt,
Journals
, vol. 2, 20 November 1990, p. 394.

12
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 836.

13
  AC: Remarks by Nicholas Budgen, 13 November 1990.

14
  Clark,
Diaries
, 19 November 1990, pp. 354–355.

15
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 841.

16
  
The Times
, 19 November 1990.

17
  AC: Remarks by Peter Morrison, 21 November 1990.

18
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Powell.

19
  Ibid.: Conversation with Peter Morrison, 22 November 1990.

20
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Powell.

21
  Ibid.: Conversation with John Sergeant in Broadcasting House, 8 April. 2013; MTF: Margaret Thatcher remarks outside British Embassy Paris, 20 November 1990.

22
  Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, pp. 263–264.

23
  AC: 30 November 1990.

24
  
The Spectator
, 6 November 1993.

25
  AC: Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev and his interpreter, Pavel Palazchenko.

26
  Cynthia Crawford interview,
Maggie: The First Lady
, Brook Lapping, 2003.

27
  The author on
Newsnight
, BBC2, 13 November 1990.

37 EXIT

  
1
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 846.

  
2
  Ibid., p. 847

  
3
  Ibid., p. 849.

  
4
  AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.

  
5
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 850.

  
6
  AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.

  
7
  Alan Clark,
Diaries,
21 November 1990, p. 366.

  
8
  AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.

  
9
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 850.

10
  Major,
The Autobiography,
p. 187.

11
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 852.

12
  Ibid., p. 851.

13
  Ibid., p. 855.

14
  Margaret Thatcher for
Thatcher: The Downing Street Years
, Part 1, BBC, 1993.

15
  Alan Clark,
Diaries,
21 November 1990, p. 366.

16
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 853.

17
  Alan Sked and Chris Cook,
Post-War Britain: A Political History, 1945–1992
, (4th edn) Penguin, 1993, p. 550.

18
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 855.

19
  Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet,
p. 266.

20
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 856.

21
  Ibid.

22
  Baker,
The Turbulent Years
, pp. 409–410.

23
  MTF: Speaking to her cabinet, 22 November 1990.

24
  Parkinson,
Right at the Centre
, p. 4.

25
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 858.

26
  Hansard, HC Deb 22 November 1990.

27
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 859.

28
  John Morley, The
Life of William Ewart Gladstone
, 3 vols, Macmillan, 1903, p. 357.

29
  Hansard, HC Deb 22 November 1990.

30
  Ibid.

31
  Ibid.

32
  Ibid.

33
  Ibid.

34
  Ibid.

35
  Ibid.

36
  
Daily Mail
, 23 November 1990.

37
  Wyatt,
Journals
, Vol. 2, 23 November 1990, pp. 401–402.

38
  Baker,
The Turbulent Years
, p. 395.

39
  
The Times
, 28 November 1990.

40
  Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 272.

41
  Ibid.
,
p. 271.

42
  MTF: Speech to Conservative Central Office, 26 November 1990.

43
  Millar,
A View from the Wings
, p. 362.

44
  Hansard, HC Deb 27 November 1990.

45
  Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 199.

46
  Penny Junor,
John Major: From Brixton to Downing Street
, Penguin, 1996
,
p. 205.

47
  Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 199.

48
  MTF: Remarks departing Downing Street, 28 November 1990.

49
  Enoch Powell,
Third Way
, October 2006.

38 THE AGONY AFTER THE FALL

  
1
  Interview with Denis Oliver, BBC Radio 4, 11 April 2013.

  
2
  Brenda Maddox,
Maggie
:
The First Lady
, Hodder & Stoughton, 2003, p. 219.

  
3
  AC: Interview with Lord Butler.

  
4
  AC: Peter Morrison to the author, January 1991.

  
5
  Ibid.: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, January 1991.

  
6
  Margaret Orth, ‘Maggie’s Big Problem’,
Vanity Fair
, June 1991.

  
7
  BBC Radio 4, 10 April 1913.

  
8
  Aitken,
Heroes and Contemporaries
, p. 147.

  
9
  AC: Private information.

10
  AC: Interview with Julian Seymour.

11
  AC: Interview with Lord Butler.

12
  Ibid.

13
  Ibid.

14
  Moore,
Margaret Thatcher
,
Vol. 1.
, p. xii.

15
  AC: Author’s party for Sir Teddy Taylor, 26 November 1991.

16
  Hansard, HC Deb 26 June 1991.

17
  AC: Interview with Sir Richard Shepherd.

18
  Margaret Thatcher interview, ITN, 22 November 1991.

19
  AC: Interview with Sir John Major.

20
  AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, December 1991.

21
  
The Times
, 26 November 1992.

22
  AC: Interview with Sir John Major.

23
  AC: Interview with Alan Duncan MP.

39 SNAPSHOTS OF HER RETIREMENT YEARS

  
1
  Hansard, House of Lords, 14 July 1993, vol. 548, cols. 281–6.

  
2
  Gospel of St. Matthew, chapter 13, verse 32.

  
3
  Speech in Fulton, Missouri, 9 March 1996.

  
4
  AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, June 1992.

  
5
  Ibid.

  
6
  Ibid.

  
7
  AC: Lunch at Sandwich Bay, June 1996.

  
8
  Ibid: Interview with Sir Richard Shepherd.

  
9
  Ibid: Interview with Bill Cash.

10
  Aitken,
Heroes and Contemporaries
, pp. 149–151.

11
  AC: Denis Thatcher, Rannoch, 16 August 1996.

12
  Ibid: Malcolm Pearson, Rannoch, 17 August 1996.

13
  Ibid: Denis Thatcher, Rannoch, 16 August 1996.

14
  Ibid. Margaret Thatcher, Rannoch, 18 August 1996. See also
Sunday Telegraph
, 14 April 2013.

15
  AC: Denis Thatcher, Rannoch, 16 August 1996.

16
  Ibid: Jonathan Aitken (unpublished) diary, 20 August 1996.

17
  MTF: Lady Thatcher, remarks on the doorstep of 10 Downing Street, 26 September 1995.

18
  AC: Conversation with Michael Alison.

19
  Ibid.

20
  Ibid: Interview with The Rev Dick Whittington.

21
  Ibid.

22
  Ibid.

EPIOLGUE

  
1
  Carol Thatcher,
A Swim-on Part in the Goldfish Bowl
, Headline Review, 2008, p. 25.

  
2
  Ibid., p. 260.

  
3
  AC: Conversation with Carol Thatcher, June 2000.

  
4
  
The Times
, 11 April 2013.

Index

Acland, Sir Antony
326
,
348
,
356
,
359

aerospace industry
426–7
,
432–3

Aitken, Jonathan
4–7
,
176–7
,
180
,
241–2
,
394
,
527–8
,
557–8
,
654–5
,
669–70

     Conservative Parliamentary Candidate for Meriden (1966)
110–11
,
114

     Defence Minister
30
,
669

     first meeting with MT (1966)
3–4
,
111–12
,
114–15

     Member of Parliament for Thanet East
145
,
177
,
186
,
195
,
237
,
527

     miners’ strike (1984–85)
443–4

     relationship with Carol Thatcher
4–6
,
186–8
,
669
,
684

     and resignation speech of Howe (1990)
7
,
619–20

Al Yamamah
(export deal with Saudi Arabia, 1985)
426–7
,
430
,
432–8

Alison, Michael
5–6
,
397
,
411
,
517–28
,
558–9
,
679–80
,
684

Amery, Julian (
later
Baron Amery of Lustleigh)
159
,
162
,
223

     Falklands War
323–4
,
330
,
333

Andropov, Yuri
478–9
,
487

Anglo-American alliance
119
,
201
,
296
,
555

Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985)
415–20
,
595

Argentina
361
,
466

     invasion of Falkland Islands (2 April 1982)
326
,
328
,
330
,
333
,
373

     negotiations with United Kingdom
322
,
325

     
see also
Falklands War (1982)

Armstrong, Sir Robert (
later
Baron Armstrong of Ilminster)
274–5
,
298–9
,
511

     Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985)
415–16
,
418
,
425

     Cabinet Secretary (1979–87)
43
,
260
,
262–3
,
359

     Falklands War
359
,
363–4
,
369

‘A-Team’ (strategy group)
521–3

Atkins, Humphrey (
later
Baron Colnbrook)
45
,
95
,
160
,
162
,
176–7
,
189
,
227
,
326
,
392
,
416

Atlas Preservative Company
72
,
107
,
186

Baker, Kenneth (
later
Baron Baker of Dorking)
173
,
400
,
530–2
,
583
,
590
,
627
,
633
,
641

Bancroft, Sir Ian (
later
Baron Bancroft)
256–8

Bandar bin Sultan, Prince
428–31
,
434
,
437–8

Belgrano
, sinking of
348–50
,
353
,
373
,
387

Bell, Timothy (
later
Baron Bell)
208
,
215–17
,
220–1
,
242
,
314
,
385
,
387
,
454
,
537
,
640

     argument with MT (BBC debates, 1978)
217–18

     and election campaign of 1987
524
,
528

     as ‘laughing boy’
211
,
213–14
,
216
,
222

Biffen, John (
later
Baron Biffen)
138
,
160
,
250
,
277–8
,
314
,
329
,
502
,
541

Blair, Tony (Anthony Charles)
261
,
370
,
425
,
690

Blair House,
283–5

Blunt, Anthony
272–4

Bosnian conflict, MT’s attitude to
664–5
,
670

Bossom, Sir Alfred (
later
Baron Bossom)
55–7
,
66
,
71
,
78
,
97

Bossom, Sir Clive
55–6
,
67
,
95
,
686

Boyd-Carpenter, John (
later
Baron Boyd-Carpenter)
52
,
83
,
110
,
114

     and MT’s early parliamentary career
98–101
,
108

Bray, Tony
46–7
,
52

Brighton Conference and bombing (1984)
53
,
410–15
,
453

British Aerospace
426–7
,
432–3

British Steel Corporation (BSC), industrial action at
305
,
377–8

British Telecom (BT), privatisation
381
,
399
,
403
,
653

Brittan, Leon (
later
Baron Brittan of Spennithorne)
103
,
185
,
396
,
412
,
446
,
507
,
539
,
540

     Westland crisis (1986)
509–11
,
514–15

Broughton, Sir Alfred ‘Doc’
225–7

Bruges speech and fall-out (1988)
560
,
565–73
,
592

Budgen, Nicholas
181
,
537
,
557
,
624
,
635

Budgets
96–7
,
113
,
157
,
251
,
399
,
402–3
,
523

     of 1981
5
,
308–12
,
376
,
518
,
686

     of 1988, as ‘boom or bust’
546–50

Buenos Aires military junta
324–5
,
335
,
339
,
354–5
,
357
,
370–1

Burns, Terence (
later
Baron Burns)
264–5
,
541
,
553

Bush, George H.W.
598
,
628
,
631
,
641
,
647

Butler, Robin (Baron Butler of Brockwell)
277–8
,
405
,
423
,
503
,
543
,
653–4
,
658

     and Brighton bomb
410–11
,
413

by-elections
79
,
185
,
193
,
200–1
,
219
,
319
,
476
,
519
,
602
,
614

cabinet
103
,
447
,
504
,
508
,
517–18
,
593

     defection of
7
,
636–41
,
651

     committees
300
,
303
,
318
,
322–3
,
380–1

     first appointments to
249–50

     relationships of MT with members of
252–5
,
500–5

     reshuffles
315–19
,
502
,
583
,
613

     Westland crisis as illustrating Heseltine’s grievances against MT’s management of discussions on
511–12
,
517

     Wets on
301–2
,
306

     Whitelaw’s skills in relation to
252
,
274
,
314
,
532–6

     
see also
under
Thatcher, Margaret Hilda (Baroness); war cabinet (ODSA), Falklands War

Callaghan, James (
later
Baron Callaghan of Cardiff)
5
,
115
,
198–201
,
211–12
,
215
,
217
,
222
,
224
,
235
,
243
,
245
,
325
,
552

     effectiveness as Prime Minister
193
,
209–10

     and ‘winter of discontent’ (1978–79)
220–1
,
441

     
see also
trade unions; ‘winter of discontent’ (1978–79)

Camp David, US
466
,
486
,
489
,
492

Canberra
, HMS
360–1
,
373

Carlisle, Mark (Baron Carlisle of Bucklow)
249–50
,
317

Carrington, Peter, 6th Baron
116
,
162–3
,
179
,
285
,
305
,
333
,
461

     Falklands War
321–3
,
332–3
,
341

     Foreign Secretary
248–9
,
283–8
,
291
,
293
,
295
,
297
,
305
,
321–3
,
332–3
,
415

     relationship with MT
254–5
,
283–9
,
297–301
,
439
,
503

Carter, Jimmy
197
,
203
,
220
,
283
,
296–7
,
299

Cartiss, Michael
620
,
643–4

Cartledge, Sir Bryan
263
,
287
,
495
,
523

Cash, William (‘Bill’)
562
,
660
,
671–2

Central Policy Review Staff (CPRS), paper of 1982
378–80

Centre for Policy Studies (CPS)
145–6
,
152
,
207
,
448
,
593

Chamberlain, Neville
28
,
223
,
337

Churchill, Sir Winston
30
,
49
,
55
,
58
,
66–7
,
107
,
149
,
181
,
194
,
245
,
345
,
376
,
460
,
691

civil service
90
,
100
,
262
,
265

     challenging as Prime Minister
255–9

     Indian, desire of MT to join
35–6

Clark, Alan
45
,
159
,
160
,
185
,
267–8
,
513
,
619
,
626
,
638–9

     Falklands War
332
,
354
,
369

Clarke, Kenneth
335
,
530
,
536
,
583
,
613
,
637
,
651

closed shop
89
,
233
,
304
,
441

Cold War, winning
474–99

     bridge building between Moscow and Washington
485–8

     Geneva (Reagan–Gorbachev summit, 1985)
487–8

     Gorbachev, Chequers’ overture to (1984)
8
,
480–5
,
493

     Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty (1987)
498

     Reykjavik (Reagan–Gorbachev summit, 1986)
466
,
491–3

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (GHOGM), Lusaka
288–91

communism

     collapse in Eastern Europe
591–2

     MT’s views on
120
,
197
,
202
,
207
,
389

     
see also
Soviet Union (USSR)

Community Charge (Poll Tax)
155
,
400
,
537
,
591
,
602–4
,
622

     as ‘flagship’ policy in 1988–1990
154
,
531

comprehensive schools
121
,
126–7

Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) (1990)
623
,
626
,
628–31
,
634

Conquest, Robert
183
,
202
,
270
,
286
,
475

Conservative Association,
80
,
83–4
,
103
,
145
,
191

     at Oxford University
see
Oxford University Conservative Association (OUCA)

Conservative Central Office
64
,
69–70
,
82
,
85
,
217
,
384
,
386
,
388

     election campaign of 1979
234–5
,
244

     election campaign of 1987
525–7

     list of approved candidates, MT included on
54–5
,
57

Conservative European Reform Group (CERG)
6–7
,
558
,
567
,
605
,
635
,
660

Conservative Party Conferences
118
,
129
,
219
,
300
,
398
,
374
,
405
,
410
,
567

     
see also
Young Conservatives conference (1948)

Conservative Party leadership contests

     in 1975
4
,
160
,
163–9
,
392

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