Read Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality Online
Authors: Jonathan Aitken
36 END GAME
1
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 838.
2
Hansard, HC Deb 14 June 1978.
3
Ibid., 13 November 1990.
4
Ibid.
5
Clark,
Diaries
, 13 November 1990, p. 347.
6
William Shakespeare,
Julius Caesar
, Act III, Scene I.
7
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 839.
8
Hansard, HC Deb 13 November 1990.
9
AC: Interview with Gerald Howarth.
10
Ibid.: Michael Heseltine to the author, November 1990.
11
Wyatt,
Journals
, vol. 2, 20 November 1990, p. 394.
12
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 836.
13
AC: Remarks by Nicholas Budgen, 13 November 1990.
14
Clark,
Diaries
, 19 November 1990, pp. 354–355.
15
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 841.
16
The Times
, 19 November 1990.
17
AC: Remarks by Peter Morrison, 21 November 1990.
18
Ibid.: Interview with Lord Powell.
19
Ibid.: Conversation with Peter Morrison, 22 November 1990.
20
Ibid.: Interview with Lord Powell.
21
Ibid.: Conversation with John Sergeant in Broadcasting House, 8 April. 2013; MTF: Margaret Thatcher remarks outside British Embassy Paris, 20 November 1990.
22
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, pp. 263–264.
23
AC: 30 November 1990.
24
The Spectator
, 6 November 1993.
25
AC: Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev and his interpreter, Pavel Palazchenko.
26
Cynthia Crawford interview,
Maggie: The First Lady
, Brook Lapping, 2003.
27
The author on
Newsnight
, BBC2, 13 November 1990.
37 EXIT
1
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 846.
2
Ibid., p. 847
3
Ibid., p. 849.
4
AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.
5
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 850.
6
AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.
7
Alan Clark,
Diaries,
21 November 1990, p. 366.
8
AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.
9
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 850.
10
Major,
The Autobiography,
p. 187.
11
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 852.
12
Ibid., p. 851.
13
Ibid., p. 855.
14
Margaret Thatcher for
Thatcher: The Downing Street Years
, Part 1, BBC, 1993.
15
Alan Clark,
Diaries,
21 November 1990, p. 366.
16
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 853.
17
Alan Sked and Chris Cook,
Post-War Britain: A Political History, 1945–1992
, (4th edn) Penguin, 1993, p. 550.
18
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 855.
19
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet,
p. 266.
20
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years,
p. 856.
21
Ibid.
22
Baker,
The Turbulent Years
, pp. 409–410.
23
MTF: Speaking to her cabinet, 22 November 1990.
24
Parkinson,
Right at the Centre
, p. 4.
25
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 858.
26
Hansard, HC Deb 22 November 1990.
27
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 859.
28
John Morley, The
Life of William Ewart Gladstone
, 3 vols, Macmillan, 1903, p. 357.
29
Hansard, HC Deb 22 November 1990.
30
Ibid.
31
Ibid.
32
Ibid.
33
Ibid.
34
Ibid.
35
Ibid.
36
Daily Mail
, 23 November 1990.
37
Wyatt,
Journals
, Vol. 2, 23 November 1990, pp. 401–402.
38
Baker,
The Turbulent Years
, p. 395.
39
The Times
, 28 November 1990.
40
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 272.
41
Ibid.
,
p. 271.
42
MTF: Speech to Conservative Central Office, 26 November 1990.
43
Millar,
A View from the Wings
, p. 362.
44
Hansard, HC Deb 27 November 1990.
45
Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 199.
46
Penny Junor,
John Major: From Brixton to Downing Street
, Penguin, 1996
,
p. 205.
47
Major,
The Autobiography
, p. 199.
48
MTF: Remarks departing Downing Street, 28 November 1990.
49
Enoch Powell,
Third Way
, October 2006.
38 THE AGONY AFTER THE FALL
1
Interview with Denis Oliver, BBC Radio 4, 11 April 2013.
2
Brenda Maddox,
Maggie
:
The First Lady
, Hodder & Stoughton, 2003, p. 219.
3
AC: Interview with Lord Butler.
4
AC: Peter Morrison to the author, January 1991.
5
Ibid.: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, January 1991.
6
Margaret Orth, ‘Maggie’s Big Problem’,
Vanity Fair
, June 1991.
7
BBC Radio 4, 10 April 1913.
8
Aitken,
Heroes and Contemporaries
, p. 147.
9
AC: Private information.
10
AC: Interview with Julian Seymour.
11
AC: Interview with Lord Butler.
12
Ibid.
13
Ibid.
14
Moore,
Margaret Thatcher
,
Vol. 1.
, p. xii.
15
AC: Author’s party for Sir Teddy Taylor, 26 November 1991.
16
Hansard, HC Deb 26 June 1991.
17
AC: Interview with Sir Richard Shepherd.
18
Margaret Thatcher interview, ITN, 22 November 1991.
19
AC: Interview with Sir John Major.
20
AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, December 1991.
21
The Times
, 26 November 1992.
22
AC: Interview with Sir John Major.
23
AC: Interview with Alan Duncan MP.
39 SNAPSHOTS OF HER RETIREMENT YEARS
1
Hansard, House of Lords, 14 July 1993, vol. 548, cols. 281–6.
2
Gospel of St. Matthew, chapter 13, verse 32.
3
Speech in Fulton, Missouri, 9 March 1996.
4
AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, June 1992.
5
Ibid.
6
Ibid.
7
AC: Lunch at Sandwich Bay, June 1996.
8
Ibid: Interview with Sir Richard Shepherd.
9
Ibid: Interview with Bill Cash.
10
Aitken,
Heroes and Contemporaries
, pp. 149–151.
11
AC: Denis Thatcher, Rannoch, 16 August 1996.
12
Ibid: Malcolm Pearson, Rannoch, 17 August 1996.
13
Ibid: Denis Thatcher, Rannoch, 16 August 1996.
14
Ibid. Margaret Thatcher, Rannoch, 18 August 1996. See also
Sunday Telegraph
, 14 April 2013.
15
AC: Denis Thatcher, Rannoch, 16 August 1996.
16
Ibid: Jonathan Aitken (unpublished) diary, 20 August 1996.
17
MTF: Lady Thatcher, remarks on the doorstep of 10 Downing Street, 26 September 1995.
18
AC: Conversation with Michael Alison.
19
Ibid.
20
Ibid: Interview with The Rev Dick Whittington.
21
Ibid.
22
Ibid.
Acland, Sir Antony
326
,
348
,
356
,
359
Aitken, Jonathan
4–7
,
176–7
,
180
,
241–2
,
394
,
527–8
,
557–8
,
654–5
,
669–70
Conservative Parliamentary Candidate for Meriden (1966)
110–11
,
114
first meeting with MT (1966)
3–4
,
111–12
,
114–15
Member of Parliament for Thanet East
145
,
177
,
186
,
195
,
237
,
527
miners’ strike (1984–85)
443–4
relationship with Carol Thatcher
4–6
,
186–8
,
669
,
684
and resignation speech of Howe (1990)
7
,
619–20
Al Yamamah
(export deal with Saudi Arabia, 1985)
426–7
,
430
,
432–8
Alison, Michael
5–6
,
397
,
411
,
517–28
,
558–9
,
679–80
,
684
Amery, Julian (
later
Baron Amery of Lustleigh)
159
,
162
,
223
Anglo-American alliance
119
,
201
,
296
,
555
Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985)
415–20
,
595
invasion of Falkland Islands (2 April 1982)
326
,
328
,
330
,
333
,
373
negotiations with United Kingdom
322
,
325
see also
Falklands War (1982)
Armstrong, Sir Robert (
later
Baron Armstrong of Ilminster)
274–5
,
298–9
,
511
Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985)
415–16
,
418
,
425
Cabinet Secretary (1979–87)
43
,
260
,
262–3
,
359
‘A-Team’ (strategy group)
521–3
Atkins, Humphrey (
later
Baron Colnbrook)
45
,
95
,
160
,
162
,
176–7
,
189
,
227
,
326
,
392
,
416
Atlas Preservative Company
72
,
107
,
186
Baker, Kenneth (
later
Baron Baker of Dorking)
173
,
400
,
530–2
,
583
,
590
,
627
,
633
,
641
Bancroft, Sir Ian (
later
Baron Bancroft)
256–8
Bandar bin Sultan, Prince
428–31
,
434
,
437–8
Belgrano
, sinking of
348–50
,
353
,
373
,
387
Bell, Timothy (
later
Baron Bell)
208
,
215–17
,
220–1
,
242
,
314
,
385
,
387
,
454
,
537
,
640
argument with MT (BBC debates, 1978)
217–18
and election campaign of 1987
524
,
528
as ‘laughing boy’
211
,
213–14
,
216
,
222
Biffen, John (
later
Baron Biffen)
138
,
160
,
250
,
277–8
,
314
,
329
,
502
,
541
Blair, Tony (Anthony Charles)
261
,
370
,
425
,
690
Blair House,
283–5
Blunt, Anthony
272–4
Bosnian conflict, MT’s attitude to
664–5
,
670
Bossom, Sir Alfred (
later
Baron Bossom)
55–7
,
66
,
71
,
78
,
97
Bossom, Sir Clive
55–6
,
67
,
95
,
686
Boyd-Carpenter, John (
later
Baron Boyd-Carpenter)
52
,
83
,
110
,
114
and MT’s early parliamentary career
98–101
,
108
Brighton Conference and bombing (1984)
53
,
410–15
,
453
British Steel Corporation (BSC), industrial action at
305
,
377–8
British Telecom (BT), privatisation
381
,
399
,
403
,
653
Brittan, Leon (
later
Baron Brittan of Spennithorne)
103
,
185
,
396
,
412
,
446
,
507
,
539
,
540
Westland crisis (1986)
509–11
,
514–15
Broughton, Sir Alfred ‘Doc’
225–7
Bruges speech and fall-out (1988)
560
,
565–73
,
592
Budgen, Nicholas
181
,
537
,
557
,
624
,
635
Budgets
96–7
,
113
,
157
,
251
,
399
,
402–3
,
523
of 1988, as ‘boom or bust’
546–50
Buenos Aires military junta
324–5
,
335
,
339
,
354–5
,
357
,
370–1
Burns, Terence (
later
Baron Burns)
264–5
,
541
,
553
Bush, George H.W.
598
,
628
,
631
,
641
,
647
Butler, Robin (Baron Butler of Brockwell)
277–8
,
405
,
423
,
503
,
543
,
653–4
,
658
by-elections
79
,
185
,
193
,
200–1
,
219
,
319
,
476
,
519
,
602
,
614
cabinet
103
,
447
,
504
,
508
,
517–18
,
593
committees
300
,
303
,
318
,
322–3
,
380–1
first appointments to
249–50
relationships of MT with members of
252–5
,
500–5
Westland crisis as illustrating Heseltine’s grievances against MT’s management of discussions on
511–12
,
517
Whitelaw’s skills in relation to
252
,
274
,
314
,
532–6
see also
under
Thatcher, Margaret Hilda (Baroness); war cabinet (ODSA), Falklands War
Callaghan, James (
later
Baron Callaghan of Cardiff)
5
,
115
,
198–201
,
211–12
,
215
,
217
,
222
,
224
,
235
,
243
,
245
,
325
,
552
effectiveness as Prime Minister
193
,
209–10
and ‘winter of discontent’ (1978–79)
220–1
,
441
see also
trade unions; ‘winter of discontent’ (1978–79)
Carlisle, Mark (Baron Carlisle of Bucklow)
249–50
,
317
Carrington, Peter, 6th Baron
116
,
162–3
,
179
,
285
,
305
,
333
,
461
Foreign Secretary
248–9
,
283–8
,
291
,
293
,
295
,
297
,
305
,
321–3
,
332–3
,
415
relationship with MT
254–5
,
283–9
,
297–301
,
439
,
503
Carter, Jimmy
197
,
203
,
220
,
283
,
296–7
,
299
Cartledge, Sir Bryan
263
,
287
,
495
,
523
Cash, William (‘Bill’)
562
,
660
,
671–2
Central Policy Review Staff (CPRS), paper of 1982
378–80
Centre for Policy Studies (CPS)
145–6
,
152
,
207
,
448
,
593
Chamberlain, Neville
28
,
223
,
337
Churchill, Sir Winston
30
,
49
,
55
,
58
,
66–7
,
107
,
149
,
181
,
194
,
245
,
345
,
376
,
460
,
691
challenging as Prime Minister
255–9
Indian, desire of MT to join
35–6
Clark, Alan
45
,
159
,
160
,
185
,
267–8
,
513
,
619
,
626
,
638–9
Clarke, Kenneth
335
,
530
,
536
,
583
,
613
,
637
,
651
Cold War, winning
474–99
bridge building between Moscow and Washington
485–8
Geneva (Reagan–Gorbachev summit, 1985)
487–8
Gorbachev, Chequers’ overture to (1984)
8
,
480–5
,
493
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty (1987)
498
Reykjavik (Reagan–Gorbachev summit, 1986)
466
,
491–3
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (GHOGM), Lusaka
288–91
communism
collapse in Eastern Europe
591–2
MT’s views on
120
,
197
,
202
,
207
,
389
see also
Soviet Union (USSR)
Community Charge (Poll Tax)
155
,
400
,
537
,
591
,
602–4
,
622
as ‘flagship’ policy in 1988–1990
154
,
531
comprehensive schools
121
,
126–7
Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) (1990)
623
,
626
,
628–31
,
634
Conquest, Robert
183
,
202
,
270
,
286
,
475
Conservative Association,
80
,
83–4
,
103
,
145
,
191
at Oxford University
see
Oxford University Conservative Association (OUCA)
Conservative Central Office
64
,
69–70
,
82
,
85
,
217
,
384
,
386
,
388
election campaign of 1979
234–5
,
244
election campaign of 1987
525–7
list of approved candidates, MT included on
54–5
,
57
Conservative European Reform Group (CERG)
6–7
,
558
,
567
,
605
,
635
,
660
Conservative Party Conferences
118
,
129
,
219
,
300
,
398
,
374
,
405
,
410
,
567
see also
Young Conservatives conference (1948)
Conservative Party leadership contests