Marlborough (83 page)

115
  Major General Lord Churchill to William of Orange in Churchill
Marlborough
I p.272.

116
  Evelyn
Diary
pp.520–1.

CHAPTER 3
:

The Protestant Wind

1
  Rodger
Command
pp.138–9.

2
  Ibid. p.139.

3
  Churchill
Marlborough
I p.301.

4
  George Hilton Jones
Convergent Forces: Immediate Causes of the Revolution of 1688 in England
(Ames, Iowa 1990) p.172.

5
  Diane W. Ressinger (ed.)
Memoirs of Isaac Dumont de Bostaquet, a Gentleman of Normandy
(London 2005) pp.169, 189–92.

6
  Berwick
Memoirs
I p.29. There were in fact three regiments: the Blues, the Royal Dragoons and St Albans’ Horse.

7
  Burnet
History
III p.245.

8
  Ibid. p.337.

9
  
Ailesbury
I p.194.

10
  Princess Anne to William of Orange 18 November 1688 in Dalrymple
Memoirs
II pp.249–50.

11
  Miller
James II
pp.202–3.

12
  John Childs
The British Army of William III 1698–1702
(Manchester 1987) p.6.

13
  Berwick
Memoirs
III p.31.

14
  S.W. Singer (ed.)
The Correspondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon
(2 vols, London 1828) II pp.211, 214.

15
  Lord Churchill to James II, undated, in Churchill
Marlborough
I pp.299–300.

16
  G.K. Chesterton
A Short History of England
(London 1917) p.189.

17
  Glozier
Huguenot Soldiers
p.99.

18
  Childs
Army of William III
p.14.

19
  John Menzies to the Earl of Mar 4 February 1716, HMC Stuart I p.507. We must be cautious about the reports of Jacobite agents, for it was not their way to acknowledge wholesale failure. I follow
DNB
in styling this agent Lloyd: he is sometimes known as Floyd.

20
  The Duke of Berwick to the Duke of Mar (his Jacobite title) 4 May 1716, HMC Stuart II.

21
  Sarah’s version of the escape is in
An Account
pp.16–18.

22
  H.C. Foxcroft (ed.)
The Life and Letters of Sir George Savile, First Marquess of Halifax
(2 vols, London 1898) II pp.202–3.

23
  Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
A Faithful Account
BL Add Mss.

24
  
Ailesbury
I p.310.

25
  Ibid. pp.244–5.

26
  Childs
Army of William III
p.25.

27
  
Ailesbury
I p.245.

28
  Ibid.

29
  Churchill
Marlborough
II p.15.

30
  Chandler
Art of Warfare
p.113.

31
  Waldeck’s report to the States-General is in
London Gazette
22–26 August 1689.

32
  Gregg
Queen Anne
p.75.

33
  Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
Conduct
p.25.

34
  Gregg
Queen Anne
p.78.

35
  Ibid. p.79.

36
  Ibid. p.82.

37
  Lever
Godolphin
p.87.

38
  Clarke
James II
II p.446.

39
  
Brown
Letters
pp.52–3.

40
  Quotations from my own brief account of the Boyne in
War Walks 2
(London 1997) pp.120–51.

41
  Churchill
Marlborough
II p.25.

42
  Dalrymple III Part 5 p.128.

43
  Glozier
Huguenot Soldiers
p.130.

44
  A masterly short account of Aughrim is in Richard Brooks
Cassell’s Battlefields of England and Ireland
(London 2005) pp.583–5.

45
  Atkinson
Marlborough
pp.120–1.

46
  Churchill
Marlborough
II p.47.

47
  Dalrymple III Part 2 p.247.

48
  
Lives of the Two Illustrious Generals
p.30.

49
  H.C. Foxcroft
A Supplement to Burnet’s History of My Own Time …
(Oxford 1902) pp.373–4.

50
  Wolseley
Marlborough
II p.263.

51
  Webb
Lord Churchill’s Coup
p.248.

52
  ‘Review of a late Treatise entitled an Account of the Conduct of the Dowager D______ of M______’ (London 1742) pp.36–7.

53
  Burnet
History
IV p.161.

54
  David Green
Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
(London 1967) pp.62–3.

55
  Princess Anne to Countess of Marlborough ‘Wednesday three o’clock’ 27 April 1693 in Gregg
Queen Anne
p.85.

56
  Ibid. p.86.

57
  Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
Account of the Conduct
pp.30–1, 41.

58
  Anne to Sarah undated March 1693 in Gregg
Queen Anne
p.88.

59
  Ibid. p.89.

60
  
Ailesbury
II p.200.

61
  Ibid. p.383.

62
  Brown
Letters
p.58.

63
  Wolseley
Marlborough
II pp.273–4, 283.

64
  Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
Account of the Conduct
pp.98–9.

65
  Ibid. p.81.

66
  Dalrymple III Part 2 p.20.

67
  Goslinga
Mémoires
p.35.

68
  Rodger
Command
p.156.

69
  To understand the contribution made by the Tollemaches to more than five hundred years of English history one must visit this delightful church. One memorial commemorates an eighteen-year-old who died before Valenciennes, his father shot in a New York duel and two uncles lost at sea. Four Tollemache boys died in the First World War. We should not, I suppose, be surprised that Thomas Tollemache went ashore with his first wave, for this was never a brood given to hanging back.

70
  William Coxe (ed.)
Private and Original Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury
(London 1821) pp.44–6.

71
  Paget
New ‘Examen’
p.28.

72
  Atkinson
Marlborough
p.147.

73
  Webb
Lord Churchill’s Coup
p.253.

74
  Lever
Godolphin
p.99.

75
  Coxe
Shrewsbury Correspondence
p.47.

76
  Ibid. p.220.

77
  
True Conduct
BL Add Mss.

78
  Berwick
Memoirs
p.131.

79
  
Ailesbury
I p.383.

80
  Coxe
Shrewsbury Correspondence
p.438.

81
  J.S. Bromley (ed.)
The New Cambridge Modern History: Vol VI The Rise of Great Britain and
Russia 1688–1715/25
(Cambridge 1970) p.253.

82
  Rodger
Command
p.198.

83
  Gregg
Queen Anne
p.121.

84
  John Callow
King in Exile
(Stroud 2004) pp.300, 308.

CHAPTER 4
:

A Full Gale of Favour

1
  Account of Baron de Montigny-Languet, 25 August 1704, in Trevelyan
Select Documents
pp.131–2, based on originals in François Eugène de Vault and Jean Jacques Germain, baron Pelet
Mémoires relatifs à la succession d’Espagne …
(11 vols, Paris 1835–62). Each of these volumes contains a narrative of the year’s campaigning, divided up by theatre, and then a digest of appropriate documents relevant to each section. They are indispensable for understanding the French side of the war, and have no British equivalent.

2
  BL Add Mss 61428 f.32.

3
  Not everything was unreasonable in Louis XIV’s France: Bostaquet’s eighty-year-old mother was pardoned on account of her age.

4
  Kane
Campaigns
p.33.

5
  Murray
Dispatches
I p.11.

6
  Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
p.103.

7
  Trevelyan
Select Documents
p.11.

8
  Marlborough to Thungen 26 August 1704 in Murray
Dispatches
I p.433.

9
  Marlborough to Heinsius 17 December 1706 ibid. III p.254.

10
  Marlborough to the Ordnance Board 13 July 1703 ibid. I pp.11–12.

11
  Marlborough to the Ordnance Board 25 August 1707 ibid. III p.529.

12
  Drake
Amiable Renegade
p.51.

13
  Earl of Portmore to Duke of Somerset 9 February 1704 in HMC Somerset p.118.

14
  Kane
Campaigns
p.110.

15
  C.T. Atkinson (ed.) ‘A Royal Dragoon in the Spanish Succession War’
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
No. 60 1938 p.20.

16
  Marlborough to Hedges 6 April 1704 in Murray
Dispatches
I p.248.

17
  Marlborough to Blathwayt 8 April 1704 ibid. p.248.

18
  Marlborough to Somerset 30 September 1709 ibid. IV p.607.

19
  Marlborough to Pennefather 30 September 1709 ibid. p.609.

20
  Marlborough to Halifax 30 September 1709 ibid. p.608.

21
  Marlborough to Mar 31 May 1708 and Marlborough to the king of Portugal 25 February 1709 ibid. pp.44, 459.

22
  Lever
Godolphin
p.251.

23
  Marlborough to Godolphin 19 October 1703 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.255.

24
  
Life of the Duchess of Marlborough
I p.137.

25
  Colin Ballard
The Great Earl of Peterborough
(London 1929) p.150.

26
  Patricia Dickson unpublished typescript ‘William, 1st Earl Cadogan’ p.4, Cadogan Papers.

27
  J.N.P. Watson
Marlborough’s Shadow
(London 2003) p.163.

28
  HMC Portland V p.257.

29
  Cadogan to Marlborough 23 February 1716, Cadogan Papers

30
  Letters Patent of 1718, Cadogan Papers. Although the patent styles the earldom ‘of’ Cadogan,
William and his descendants, earls of the second creation, always used the style ‘Earl Cadogan’. The barony of Oakley was indeed allowed to revert to Cadogan’s brother Charles, an infantry officer who fought at Oudenarde and Malplaquet and eventually reached the rank of general. Charles inherited numerous debts with the title, but maintained a substantial estate in Chelsea, and his son, Charles Sloane Cadogan, was created Earl Cadogan and Viscount Chelsea in 1800. The 2nd Earl of the new creation married Mary Churchill, a cousin of the then Duke of Marlborough, but she ran off with a clergyman. The present Earl Cadogan, the 8th of his line, has delegated the running of his London estate to his heir Edward, Viscount Chelsea, to whose kindness I owe my access to the family papers.

31
  Dickson ‘Cadogan’ p.39.

32
  Ibid. p.40.

33
  Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.237.

34
  Cadogan to Marlborough 22 April 1709, Cadogan Papers.

35
  Cadogan to Marlborough 10 April 1710, Cadogan Papers.

36
  Cadogan to Marlborough 15 February 1711, Cadogan Papers.

37
  Cadogan to unknown correspondent 12 August 1710, Cadogan Papers.

38
  Patricia Dickson ‘Lieutenant General William Cadogan’s Intelligence Service, Part I 1706–1715’, offprint of unknown source, Cadogan Papers p.1.

39
  Ibid. p.3.

40
  Ibid. p.2.

41
  Ibid. p.17.

42
  Cadogan to Raby 16 June 1710 in BL Add Mss 22196 f.79.

43
  Unsigned note in BL Add Mss 4747 f.25.

44
  Sir John Fortescue ‘A Junior Officer of Marlborough’s Staff’ in
Historical and Military Essays
(London 1928) pp.180–1, 184, 186.

45
  Cadogan to Marlborough 28 February 1716, Cadogan Papers.