Authors: Robert A. Caro
Means of Ascent (86 page)
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| | ABBREVIATION |
| AA-S | Austin American-Statesman |
| AS | Austin Statesman |
| CCC-T | Corpus Christi Caller-Times |
| CR | Congressional Record |
| DMN | Dallas Morning News |
| DT-H | Dallas Times-Herald |
| FWS-T | Fort Worth Star-Telegram |
| HC | Houston Chronicle |
| HP | Houston Post |
| NA | National Archives |
| NYT | New York Times |
| OH | Oral History |
| SAE | San Antonio Express |
| USN&WR | U.S. News & World Report |
| WP | Washington Post |
| WSJ | Wall Street Journal |
| LBJL | Lyndon Baines Johnson Library |
| JHP | Johnson House Papers |
| LBJA CF | Congressional File |
| LBJA FN | Famous Names |
| LBJA SF | Subject File |
| LBJA SN | Selected Names |
| PP | President (Personal) |
| PPCF | Pre-Presidential Confidential File |
| PPMF | Pre-Presidential Memo File |
| WHCF | White House Central File |
| WHFN | White House Famous Names File |
History of
“We Shall Overcome”
:
Glazer,
Songs of Peace, Freedom, and Protest
, pp. 334–35; Dunaway,
How Can I Keep from Singing: Pete Seeger
, pp. 219–43; “Moment of History,”
The New Yorker
, Mar. 27, 1965; Gitlin,
The Sixties
, p. 75; Kaiser,
1968 in America
, pp. 40, 41, 147; McAdam,
Freedom
Summer;
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid;
Sutherland,
Letters from Mississippi;
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 55.
Sung after sit-in arrests:
Cagin and Dray, pp. 71–72.
“The buses all”
:
Ellen Lake letter to her parents, June 20, 1964, quoted in McAdam, p. 71.
“We were sitting”
:
Sutherland, p. 117.
“Tonight”
:
Sutherland, p. 119.
Liuzzo was singing it:
Manchester,
The Glory and the Dream
, p. 1061.
“I know”
:
Lake letter, quoted in McAdam, p. 112.
“Finally we stood”
:
Beifrage, p.
55.
“And then”
:
Kay Rawlings journal, June 25, 1964, quoted in McAdam, p. 71.
“Rarely in history”
:
“Civil Rights: The Central Point,”
Time
, Mar. 19, 1965.
Feelings of civil rights protesters:
Richard B. Stolley, “Inside the White House: Pressures Build Up to the Momentous Speech,”
Life
, Mar. 26, 1965;
Time
, Mar. 19, 1965; Garrow,
Bearing the Cross
, particularly pp. 381–88; Fager,
Selma 1965;
Williams,
Eyes on the Prize; Life, Time, Newsweek, NYT, WP
, 1964–65.
Selma figures:
Manchester, p. 1059.
“He was murdered”
;
“We didn’t think”
:
King, Young, on
Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years
television series, Part VI.
Feelings of civil rights leaders about his long record:
Garrow, pp. 381–88. Shaffer (p. 101) says, “Until
Selma, the president had no intention of asking Congress to pass another civil rights bill.”
NYT, WP
, Feb. 1–Mar. 15, 1965.
Had voted against every civil rights bill:
“Complete House Voting Record of Congressman Lyndon Johnson, By Subject, From May 13, 1937 to December 31, 1948,” pp. 85–92, Box 75, LBJA SF. Evans and Novak, p. 121.
“An effort”
:
Johnson, quoted in Miller,
Lyndon
, p. 118. In this speech, he called Truman’s civil rights
program “a farce and a sham—an effort to set up a police state.… I am opposed to the anti-lynching bill because the federal government has no more business enacting a law against one kind of murder than another. I am against the FEPC [Federal Employment Practices Commission].…” As Evans and Novak note (p. 120), the speech was “the straight party line of a Southern Democrat.”
Maiden speech
:
CCC-T
, Mar. 9, 1949;
FW Press
, Mar. 10; Miller, pp. 143–44.
“We of the South”
; Senators lining up:
“Speeches—Filibuster 1,” Box 214, Senate papers, LBJL;
Abilene Reporter News, CCC-T
, Mar. 9–11, 1948;
San Angelo Standard-Times
, Mar. 10, 1948;
Atlanta Constitution
, Nov. 24, 1963; see also
Kilgore News-Herald
, Mar. 13, 1948,
where Russell called Johnson’s speech “the best prepared presentation that has been made in the debate.” Tex Easley and Walter Jenkins interviews. On the morning of the speech, Russell had “gathered reporters around himself and urged them to hear Johnson’s maiden speech that afternoon if they were after a front-page story” (Steinberg,
Sam Johnson’s Boy
, p. 291).
“One of the ablest”
: Russell, quoted in Doris Kearns,
Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream
, p. 106.
