Mozart: A Life in Letters: A Life in Letters (78 page)

7.
Today the Sint-Pieterskerk in the Sint-Pietersplein.

8.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640), Flemish artist.

9.
River barge.

10.
Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536), humanist. The statue is close to the
Leuvehaven
, not far from the Erasmus Bridge in the north of the city.

11.
Nannerl’s condition worsened and she was given extreme unction on 21 October; she had recovered by 15 November, at which time Wolfgang was taken seriously ill with intestinal typhoid.

12.
Ludwig Ernst, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel(1718–88), brother of the Prince of Brunswick.

13.
Ignaz Joseph HagenAuer (1743–80), son of Lorenz Hagen Auer, employed in his father’s business.

14.
Pierre Bernard Carpentier (1726–1800), royal procurator; Stephen Teissier was a partner in the banking house Loubier & Teissier.

15.
Francis I.

16.
Joseph Anton, Count Plaz (1677–1767), imperial master of the ordnance.

17.
Johann Nepomuk Hagenauer (1741–99) was the eldest son of Lorenz Hagenauer.

18.
Joseph Franz Xaver Gschwendtner (1740–1800), was the son of Salzburg iron merchant Johann Markus Gschwendtner (1709–75). He and his brother Vital (1751–1818) frequently travelled abroad on business and were part of the network of Salzburg contacts that Leopold Mozart made use of on his travels.

19.
Johann Joseph Anton Ernst Gilowsky von Urazowa, see List.

20.
The Neutor (New Gate), a tunnel through the Mönchsberg connecting Salzburg with its northern suburbs, opened on 26 June 1767.

21.
Joseph Richard Estlinger (
c.
1720–91) was court bassoonist and music copyist.

1.
The sonatas K26–31 were dedicated to Princess Caroline of Nassau-Weilburg and published in March.

2.
Probably the
Gallimathias musicum
K32.

3.
K24, based on the Dutch song ‘Laat ons Juichen, Batavieren!’ by Christian Ernst Graf (1723–1804); K25, based on the popular Dutch song ‘Willem van Nassau’.

4.
Leopold Mozart’s
Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule
(1756) was the most important violin tutor of the eighteenth century; a Dutch translation was published in 1766.

5.
Henrikus Radeker (1708–74).

6.
Johann Heinrich, Count Frankenberg und Schellendorf (1726–1804); the Mozarts had previously visited him on 4 November 1763.

7.
François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénélon (1651–1715), French writer who was bishop of Cambrai from 1695;
Les Aventures de Télémaque
was published in 1699.

8.
Thomas-Arthur, Comte de Lally, Baron de Tollendal (1702–66) was governor general of Pondicherry (French India) from 1757; after it was taken by the British in 1761, he was imprisoned in the Bastille and eventually beheaded.

9.
Possibly David Otto, organist at the Barfüsserkirche in Frankfurt.

10.
Mozart’s godfather, Johann Gottlieb Pergmayr (1709–87), a businessman and city councillor in Salzburg.

1.
Here Leopold refers to a local dispute between Geneva’s patricians and townspeople that had gone to mediation during the Mozarts’ visit there.

2.
The French philosopher Voltaire (pseudonym of François-Marie Arouet, 1694– 1778) had settled at Ferney, near to Geneva, in 1758.

3.
Ludwig Eugen (1731–95) was the younger brother of Karl II Eugen, reigning duke of Württemberg (1728–93).

4.
Johannes Gessner (1709–90), physicist; Salomon Gessner (1730–88), poet.

5.
Prince Joseph Wenzeslaus of Fürstenberg (1728–83).

6.
The prince-bishop of Augsburg.

7.
This work is apparently lost.

1.
Count Leopold Anton Podstatsky (1717–76), formerly president of the consistory in Salzburg; Leopold begins his letter with the first sentence of the
Te Deum
: ‘We prais thee, O God’.

2.
These are lost.

3.
Archduchess Josepha (1751–67), fifth daughter of Francis I and Maria Theresa, had died of smallpox on 15 October, shortly before her marriage was due to take place to Ferdinand IV of Naples (1751–1825), which threw the Vienna court into mourning.

4.
The distance between these two Salzburg landmarks is about 1 km.

5.
Joseph II had succeeded his father in 1765 (see letter 11).

6.
Maria Elisabeth (1743–1808), third daughter of Francis I and Maria Theresa.

7.
Franz Anton, Count Schrattenbach (1712–83) and Maria Augusta, Countess Herberstein, brother and niece of Archbishop Siegmund von Schrattenbach. Brünn is modern Brno; Olmütz is Olomouc.

8.
Black powder is a cathartic; margrave powder is an antiperspirant.

9.
The prescriptions for medicines given by Leopold have been omitted.

10.
‘In thee, O Lord, have I put my trust: let me never be put to confusion.’ (The last verse of the
Te Deum
.)

11.
Leopold later repeated his unfulfilled intention to write a biography of Wolfgang in the second edition of the
Gründlichen Violinschule
(1769–70).

12.
That is, the annual celebration, on 21 December, of the anniversary of Schrattenbach’s consecration.

13.
‘and born to consume the fruits of the earth’ (Leopold omits the first phrase of this verse: ‘we are mere ciphers’). Rochus Alterdinger (
c
. 1734–94) was an administrator at the archbishop’s residence in Salzburg.

14.
The composer Johann Schobert, his wife and child had died from eating poisonous mushrooms.

15.
Franz Xaver Peisser (1724–1807), banker and business associate of the Hagenauers.

16.
Wolfgang’s message to Joseph Hagenauer is lost.

17.
These works remain unidentified; they may have been six symphonies by Wolfgang, six by Leopold or possibly works by both father and son.

18.
Wagenseil’s concerto remains unidentified. The sonatas presumably included some or all of K6–9, K10–15 and K26–31.

1.
Lipperl is a stage character in the tradition of Hanswurst, a popular buffoon figure. Bernardon was the stage name of the actor Joseph Felix von Kurz (1717–84).

2.
Since the death of her husband, Maria Theresa had more or less retreated from social life.

3.
Prince Kaunitz, imperial chancellor; Juan Carlos de Braganza, Duke of Lafoënt (1719–1806); Josepha von Guttenberg, lady-in-waiting at the Viennese court; Johann Karl, Count (later Prince) Dietrichstein (1728–1808).

4.
Alexandre-Louis Laugier (
c
. 1719–74), physician-in-ordinary to Maria Theresa.

5.
Gluck was attached to the court at Vienna at this time.

6.
Giuseppe Affligio (1719–87), impresario at the Burg-and Kärntnertor theatres from 1767–70.

7.
Although definitions falsify the diversity and variability of eighteenth-century operatic genres,
opera seria
is generally used to signify Italian opera on a tragic or heroic subject; it consists of arias and recitatives, with relatively few ensembles.
Opera buffa
is the name given to comic opera, which includes a greater variety of musical and theatrical structures, forms and gestures. The terms were relatively new in 1768: ‘
opera buffa
’ was only beginning to appear as a generic designation in librettos while ‘
opera seria
’ was more commonly referred to as ‘
dramma per musica’
.

8.
Giacchino Garibaldi (1743–after 1792), tenor; Francesco Caratoli (
c
. 1705–72), bass singer; Domenico Poggi, actor; Laschi is presumably the father of Luisa Laschi, the first Countess in
Le nozze di Figaro
(1786) and who also sang Zerlina in the first Viennese production of
Don Giovanni
(1788); Pulini, tenor, later sang in a private performance of
Idomeneo
in March 1786; Antonia Bernasconi (1741–1803), soprano and the first Aspasia in
Mitridate, re di Ponto
(1770); Teresa Eberardi, alto; Clementina Baglioni, singer, daughter of Domenico Poggi, married to the tenor Antonio Baglioni, creator of the roles of Ottavio in
Don Giovanni
(Prague, 1787) and Titus in
La clemenza di Tito
(1791).

1.
La finta semplice
; the poet was Marco Coltellini (1724–77), active at Vienna from 1758.

2.
Johann Adolf Hasse (1699–1783), composer of Italian opera, Kapellmeister at Dresden 1731–60, now active at Vienna; the poet Pietro Metastasio (1698–1782) was the most important librettist, for
opera seria
in particular, during the eighteenth century; he served as court poet in Vienna from 1730–69, when he was succeeded by Coltellini.

3.
‘from one extreme to the other’.

4.
Giuseppe Bonno (1710–88), court composer at Vienna from 1739 and Kapellmeister from 1774.

5.
The Hagenauers’ summer home.

6.
In the event, Helfried Franz Philipp Kulmer, Baron Rosenbichl und Hohenstein did not become prince of Berchtesgaden.

7.
Ignaz Küffel, violoncellist.

1.
Phrase denoting the setting out of a petition.

2.
Here Leopold refers to an article by Grimm (published in
Correspondance littáraire
and dated 15 July 1766; see Deutsch,
Documentary Biography
, 56–7), which concluded: ‘If these children [Wolfgang and Nannerl] live, they will not remain at Salzburg. Before long, monarchs will vie for their possession.’

3.
Frederik Christoph von Degenfeld-Schomburg (1722–81), Dutch minister at Vienna from 1767–81.

4.
See List.

5.
‘What? – – how? he’s a prodigy! this opera will storm the gates of heaven! it’s a marvel! – don’t doubt it, he should go on writing!’

6.
La Cecchina, ossia La buona figliuola
by Niccolò Piccinni (1728–1800), then active in Italy, later in Paris.

7.
Johann Wenzel, Count Spork (1724–1804), general director of theatres.

8.
i.e.
La buona figliuola maritata
(1761), also by Piccinni.

1.
The Mozarts’ maid. She may be the maid Nandl referred to in later letters, who has been identified as Anna Maria Pietschner (1732–1805), but this is not certain.

2.
‘I should like to know for what reason idleness is so popular with many young people that it is impossible to dissuade them from it either by words or by chastisements.’

1.
That is, ‘Mr Bore’.

2.
Johann Baptist von Schiedenhofen (1747–1823) was a city official of Salzburg and a family friend; his diary, which he kept from 1774–8, has numerous references to performances of Mozart’s works and to social events in the archdiocese.

3.
Maria Klara Helmreichen zu Brunfeld (1729–1802), sister of Ludwig Gottfried Moll (1727–1804), a civil servant in the archdiocese. Ludwig’s wife was related to the Cristani di Rall family who proved helpful to the Mozarts in Italy.

4.
Joseph von Arimathaea Hornung, bass and tenor singer at the Salzburg court from 1768.

1.
Bolzano.

2.
Massimiliano Settimo von Lodron (1727–96), dean of the cathedral at Villa Lagarina near Rovereto, was a distant relation of the Lodron family of Salzburg.

3.
Nikolaus Sebastian, Count Lodron (1719–92) was also distantly related to the Salzburg Lodrons.

4.
Giovanni Battista Todeschi (1730–99), mayor of Rovereto.