Nehru (30 page)

69–70, 99

noncooperation movement of,

27, 35, 41–42, 43, 46,

120–21

nonleadership by, 47

nonviolence principle and, 46

on partition of India, 154,

159–60

personal habits of, 28

reaction of, to Amritsar

Massacre, 33

reaction of, to British

proposals, 123, 124–25

religious views of, 92

role of, in Indian nationalist

politics, 26–30, 34–36,

59–62, 67, 72

in South Africa, 26–27

support for a free India by, 74–

76

Swarajists and, 49

as symbol, 96

on war issue, 116, 120–21

Gandhi, Rajiv Ratna (grandson),

129–30, 236

Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 83–85, 87

Ganga (river), 215–17

Germany, 116

Glimpses of World History

(Nehru), 81–82, 127

Goa, 206–7

Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, xiv, 12,

35, 255

Gopal, Sarvepalli, 11, 14, 45,

249

Government of India Act, 25n,

98–99, 102–3

Great Bengal Famine, 133

Great Indian Novel, The

(Tharoor), 227

Hangen, Welles, 195

Haroon, Sir Abdullah, 139

Harrow (school), 9–11

Hindu Code Bill, 171, 235

Hindu Mahasabha, xvi, 93, 105

Hindu-Muslim relations

See also
Muslim League

after partition, 135, 143–45,

167–68

Pakistan and, 209

Panch Sheel and, 184

relations between India and,

55–56, 188, 189, 209–13

war between India and, 210–

13

Chou En-lai, 189, 209

Churchill, Winston Spencer,

9–10, 83, 97, 122, 124,

133, 134, 188

civil disobedience, 27, 35, 41–

43, 46, 120–21

Clément, Catherine, 201

Communal Award, 102

communism, 55–58, 68–69

Communists, 75, 173, 175

Congress Party.
See
Indian

National Congress

Congress Socialist Party, 94, 97

Constitution, 87–88, 168

Cousins, Norman, 161–62, 195–

96

Cripps, Sir Stafford, 123–24,

138, 254

Czechoslovakia, 113

Das, Chitta Ranjan, 48–49,

255

Delhi, 22

democracy.
See
Indian democracy

Dhebar, U. N., 179–80

Direct Action Day, 145–46, 147

Discovery of India, The
(Nehru),

122, 127, 225–26, 231

Djilas, Milovan, 190

Dominion status, for India, 65–

66, 72, 123–24, 153

Dulles, John Foster, 183, 186

Dutt, Romesh Chunder, 15

dyarchy, 48

Dyer, R. E. H., 31–32, 33, 34

education, 8–11, 13–15,

17–18

Egypt, 189–190

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 223, 224

Eight-Day Interlude, The
(Nehru),

78–79

Einstein, Albert, 56

elections

British-sponsored, 99–103

general, of 1952, 172–73

general, of 1957, 192

general, of 1962, 207

Indian National Congress in,

99–103, 134–35

of Jawaharlal Nehru, 50–52,

69–75, 97–98, 100, 138,

172–73, 192, 207

Erskine, Lord, 111

Europe

influence of, on Nehru's

political outlook,

52–59

travels in, 112–14

Fabian Society, 13, 14, 240 family tree, Nehru, xix fascism, 97, 116, 117

Five-Year Plans, 176–78 foreign policy

of India under Nehru, 182–91,

207–13

Nehru's interest in, 58–59,

112–14, 150–51

France, 206

Gandhi, Feroze, 127–29, 194,

205, 255

Gandhi, Indira Nehru (daughter)

about, 255

childhood of, 37, 54, 112

children of, 129–30, 198

Nehru's identification with,

38–40, 100–101

wretched conditions of, 38–40

Indian National Army, 122–23,

136

Indian National Congress

about, xiii–xv

contesting of elections by, 99–

103, 134–35, 172–73

dominance of, 229–30

election of Jawaharlal Nehru

as president of, 69–75,

97–98, 100

evolution of, 11–12

Extremists vs. Moderates in,

12, 23

Gandhi's influence on, xiv,

35–37, 67, 69–70

governance by, under British

rule, 111–12

Motilal Nehru's involvement

in, 24, 33–35, 48–49, 65–

66

Muslim League and, 24, 34–

35, 46–47, 104–9, 114,

119–20, 130, 141, 143–

45, 147–48

negotiations between British

and, 87–88, 139–41,

143–44, 146–47, 153–55

Nehru Report of, 65–66

Quit India resolution of, 125–

26, 130

splits in, 48–49, 71, 114, 166–

67

Indian nationalism, 212–13,

215–17

Indian nationalist politics

See also
Indian National

Congress

British response to, 25–26,

26n, 63–65, 72, 76–78,

82–84, 89, 121, 122–24

Gandhi's role in, 26–30, 34–

36, 59–62, 67, 72

Nehru's role in, 59–62, 73–75

partition of Bengal and, 11–12

Indian People's Party (Bharatiya

Jana Sangh), xvi–xvii

Indian political movements,

xiii–xvii

See also
Indian National

Congress

Industrial Policy Resolution,

176, 178

Industries Act of 1951, 177

Iqbal, Sir Mohamed, 256

Ireland, 12–13

Irwin, Lord, 72, 73, 83, 256

Jain, S. P., 203–4

Japan, 122–23, 124, 185

Jefferson, Thomas, 227

Jinnah, Mohammed Ali

See also
Muslim League

about, 256

British and, 73, 130

creation of Pakistan and, 145,

145–46

demand for creation of

Pakistan by, 139, 148,

154

interim government and, 146

as leader of Muslims, 109, 152

Muslim League and, xv, 103–4,

104–9, 114

negotiations between Congress

Party and, 140–41

Nehru and, 104–5, 147–48

political views of, 24–25, 35–

36, 65–66

on war issue, 118–20

Jones, Sir William, 10

British attempts at undermining, 103–4

deterioration of, 47, 65–66,

71, 104–9, 114, 119–20

Indian National Congress and,

111–12

Nehru's attempts to restore,

75, 106–9, 135, 167–68

Nehru and, 93

unity in, 34, 46–47, 80

Hindutva, xvi–xvii , 234–35, 236

Home Rule Leagues, 23–24

homosexuality, rumors of,

16–17

human progress, 90–91

Hume, Allan Octavian, 11, 103

Hungary, 190

Hutheesing, Raja, 130

Hydari, Akbar, 141

Ibrahim, Hafiz, 109

Iengar, H. V. R., 196

imperialism, 58, 240

Independence Day, 74–75

Independence for India League,

62

India

attitude of Britain toward, 133

British loss of power in, 136–

37

British plan for, after

withdrawal, 137–45, 149

British withdrawal from, 149

creating identity of, 224–29

desire for a free, 73–76

domestic policy after independence, 165–68, 202–3

Dominion status for, 65–66,

72, 123–24, 153

economic problems of, 175–

79, 239–46

elections in, 172–73, 192

first government of indepen-

dent, 156–58

foreign policy of, under

Nehru, 182–91, 207–13

governmental corruption in,

204–6

history of, 127

interim government for, 141–

49, 152

negotiations for independence

between Britain and, 83–

88, 139–47, 153–55

newly independent, 161–68

partition of, 135, 139–40,

143–49, 151–55, 161–62

pluralism of, 225–26

progress in, 251

relations between China and,

55–56, 188, 189, 209–13

relations between Pakistan

and, 167, 169–70

role of religion in, 234–39

socialism in, 241–46

state boundaries in, 173

war between China and, 210–

13

during World War II, 116–24

Indian Civil Service (ICS), 17

Indian Defense Force, 26

Indian democracy

disillusionment with, 231–32

Nehru's influence on, 220–31

political parties in, 229–30

role of caste in, 236–39

strength of, 232

Indian Institutes of Technology,

245

Indian masses

adulation of Nehru by, 44–45,

65, 99–100, 222

Indian National Congress and,

24, 34–35, 46–47, 104–9,

114, 119–20, 130, 141,

143–45, 147–48

interim government and, 148

Khilafat movement and, 34–

35

overview of, xv–xvi

success of, in elections, 134–

35

on war issue, 118–20

Mussolini, 97, 112

Naidu, Padmaja, 201, 258

Naidu, Sarojini, 24, 71, 120, 258

Narayan, Jayaprakash, 166, 171,

259

Nash, Ogden, 207–8

Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 186, 189–

90, 208

National Conference, 142

nationalism, 101, 107

National Volunteer Corps, xvi

Nehru, Indira Priyadarshini

(daughter).
See
Gandhi,

Indira Nehru

Nehru, Jawaharlal

adulation of, by Indian masses,

44–45, 65, 99–100, 222

antireligious feelings of, 47–

48, 92, 107–8, 233–34

birth legend of, 1–3

Bose and, 115

British view of, 68–69, 84, 93–

94

calls for a free India by, 76–77,

78

campaigning by, 99–103

childhood influences on, 3–4,

6–7, 8

on creation of Pakistan, 149

criticism of, 202, 207–8, 220,

223–24

death of, 214–17

on death of Gandhi, 160–61

development of political

thought in, 52–59

disillusionment of, 47–48

early life of, 3–18

early political interests, 23–24,

50–52

education of, 8, 9–11, 13–15,

17–18

election of, to chairmanship of

Allahabad Municipal

Board, 50–52

election of, to presidency of

Indian National

Congress, 69–75, 97–98,

100, 138

Englishness of, 223–24

family origins of, 4–6

family relationships of, 20–21,

52, 88, 95

family tree of, xix

financial problems of, 98

Gandhi and

compromises between, 67,

93, 97

differences between, 43–44,

53, 59–62, 84–85, 92,

94

father-son relationship of,

138, 228

loyalty between, 29–30, 35–

39, 138

power relations between,

69–70, 99

grief of, over death of father,

91–92

health problems of, 52, 89

Joshi, Haveli Ram, 214

Kai-shek, Chiang, 117, 123

Kashmir, 4–5, 141–43, 164–65,

203

Kashmiri Pandits, 4–5

Kaur, Rajkumari Amrit, 205–6

Kennedy, John F., 206–7

Khaliquzzaman, Chaudhuri,

106–7, 256

Khan, Hakim Ajmal, 47

Khan, Khan Abdul Ghaffar, xvi,

109, 256

Khan, Liaquat Ali, 169, 257

Khan, Sir Sikandar Hyat, 130,

257

Khan, Sir Syed Ahmed, 104

Khare, N. B., 223–24

Khilafat movement, xiv, 34–35,

36, 46

Khudai Khidmatgars, 109

Kidwai, Rafi Ahmed, 171, 257

Kisan Sabhas, 39

Kohat killings, 47

Kripalani, Acharya J. B., 138,

171, 257

Krishak Mazdoor Praja Party, xvi

Krishnamachari, T. T., 205

Labour Party, 57

Lansbury, George, 56

Laxman, R. K., 182

Lee Kuan Yew, 250

Liberal Party, xv

Lincoln, Abraham, 251

Linlithgow, Lord, 113, 116, 118–

21, 124, 257

Lucknow Congress, 24, 174

Lucknow Pact, 24

MacDonald, Ramsay, 82

Mahalanobis, P. C., 244

Maharajsingh, Rao, 20

Mahmud, Syed, 43–44, 127,

197–98, 199, 227, 257

Malaviya, K. D., 42, 258

Malaviya, Pandit Madan

Mohan, 2

Malik, Charles, 191

Malraux, André, 201–2, 229

Mao Tse-tung, 117

Marxism, 174

Mathai, M. O., 205

McMahon Line, 209, 210, 211

Menon, V. K. Krishna, 152n,

210–11, 212, 258

monarchical rule, 115–16

Montagu-Chelmsford reforms,

25n, 36

Moplah rebellion, 47

Moraes, Frank, 150, 205

Morris, William, 13

Mountbatten, Edwina, 137, 150,

153, 162–63, 169, 198,

201, 258

Mountbatten, Lord, of Burma,

137, 149–50, 152–56,

162–64, 168, 258

Muenzenberg, Willi, 54–55

Muggeridge, Malcolm, 223

Mukherji, Shyama Prasad, 156

Mullick, B. N., 211

Muslim League

British support for, 73, 103–4,

130, 134–35, 147–48,

152

demand for creation of